Isotopen van berkelium: verschil tussen versies
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k Robot: automatisch tekst vervangen (- | <sup>244</sup>Cm + | <sup>244</sup>Cm , - | <sup>242</sup>Cm + | <sup>242</sup>Cm , - | <sup>251</sup>Cf + | <sup>251</sup>Cf , - | <sup>246</sup>Cm + | <sup>246</sup>Cm , - | <sup>241</sup>Am + | <sup>241</sup>Am , - | <sup>243</sup>Cm + | <sup>243</sup>Cm , - | <sup>250</sup>Cf + | <sup>250</sup>Cf , - | <sup>249</sup>Cf + | [... |
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| (9 tussenliggende versies door 7 gebruikers niet weergegeven) | |||
| Regel 1: | Regel 1: | ||
Het [[chemisch element]] '''[[berkelium]]''' (Bk), met een [[atoommassa]] van ongeveer 247 [[Atomaire massa-eenheid|u]], bezit geen stabiele '''[[Isotoop|isotopen]]''' en wordt dus geclassificeerd als [[Radioactiviteit|radioactief]] [[Chemisch element|element]]. De 19 [[ |
Het [[chemisch element]] '''[[berkelium]]''' (Bk), met een [[atoommassa]] van ongeveer 247 [[Atomaire massa-eenheid|u]], bezit geen stabiele '''[[Isotoop|isotopen]]''' en wordt dus geclassificeerd als [[Radioactiviteit|radioactief]] [[Chemisch element|element]]. De 19 [[Radionuclide|radio-isotopen]] zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte [[Halveringstijd|halfwaardetijd]] (de meeste minder dan een [[uur]]). |
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In de natuur komt geen berkelium voor: alle isotopen zijn synthetisch bereid in een [[laboratorium]]. De eerste [[Synthetische radio-isotoop|synthetische isotoop]] was <sup>243</sup>Bk, in [[1949]]. |
In de natuur komt geen berkelium voor: alle isotopen zijn synthetisch bereid in een [[laboratorium]]. De eerste [[Synthetische radio-isotoop|synthetische isotoop]] was <sup>243</sup>Bk, in [[1949]]. |
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| Regel 114: | Regel 114: | ||
| rowspan="2"|7,0(13) min |
| rowspan="2"|7,0(13) min |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (99,99%) |
| β<sup>+</sup> (99,99%) |
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| <sup>242</sup>Cm |
| [[curium-242|<sup>242</sup>Cm]] |
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| rowspan="2"|2<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|2<sup>−</sup> |
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|- |
|- |
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| β<sup>+</sup>, SS (3 × 10<sup>−4</sup>%) |
| β<sup>+</sup>, SS (3 × 10<sup>−4</sup>%) |
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| Regel 133: | Regel 133: | ||
| rowspan="2"|4,5(2) uur |
| rowspan="2"|4,5(2) uur |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (99,85%) |
| β<sup>+</sup> (99,85%) |
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| <sup>243</sup>Cm |
| [[curium-243|<sup>243</sup>Cm]] |
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| rowspan="2"|(3/2<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|(3/2<sup>−</sup>) |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (0,15%) |
| α (0,15%) |
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| Regel 145: | Regel 145: | ||
| rowspan="2"|4,35(15) uur |
| rowspan="2"|4,35(15) uur |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (99,99%) |
| β<sup>+</sup> (99,99%) |
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| <sup>244</sup>Cm |
| [[curium-244|<sup>244</sup>Cm]] |
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| rowspan="2"|(4<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|(4<sup>−</sup>) |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (0,006%) |
| α (0,006%) |
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| Regel 157: | Regel 157: | ||
| rowspan="2"|4,94(3) dagen |
| rowspan="2"|4,94(3) dagen |
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| [[Elektronenvangst|EV]] (99,88%) |
| [[Elektronenvangst|EV]] (99,88%) |
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| <sup>245</sup>Cm |
| [[curium-245|<sup>245</sup>Cm]] |
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| rowspan="2"|3/2<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|3/2<sup>−</sup> |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (0,12%) |
| α (0,12%) |
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| <sup>241</sup>Am |
| [[americium-241|<sup>241</sup>Am]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2"|<sup>246</sup>Bk |
| rowspan="2"|<sup>246</sup>Bk |
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| Regel 169: | Regel 169: | ||
| rowspan="2"|1,80(2) dagen |
| rowspan="2"|1,80(2) dagen |
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| β<sup>+</sup> (99,8%) |
| β<sup>+</sup> (99,8%) |
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| <sup>246</sup>Cm |
| [[curium-246|<sup>246</sup>Cm]] |
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| rowspan="2"|2<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|2<sup>−</sup> |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (0,2%) |
| α (0,2%) |
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| Regel 182: | Regel 182: | ||
| α |
| α |
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| <sup>243</sup>Am |
| <sup>243</sup>Am |
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| rowspan="2"|(3/2<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|(3/2<sup>−</sup>) |
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|- |
|- |
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| SS (zelden) |
| SS (zelden) |
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| Regel 201: | Regel 201: | ||
| |
| |
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| |
| |
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| 1<sup> |
| 1<sup>−</sup> |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=3|<sup>249</sup>Bk |
| rowspan=3|<sup>249</sup>Bk |
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| Regel 209: | Regel 209: | ||
| rowspan=3|330(4) dagen |
| rowspan=3|330(4) dagen |
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| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
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| <sup>249</sup>Cf |
| [[californium-249|<sup>249</sup>Cf]] |
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| rowspan=3|7/2<sup>+</sup> |
| rowspan=3|7/2<sup>+</sup> |
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|- |
|- |
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| Regel 223: | Regel 223: | ||
| |
| |
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| |
| |
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| (3/2<sup> |
| (3/2<sup>−</sup>) |
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|- |
|- |
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| <sup>250</sup>Bk |
| <sup>250</sup>Bk |
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| Regel 231: | Regel 231: | ||
| 3,212(5) uur |
| 3,212(5) uur |
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| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
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| <sup>250</sup>Cf |
| [[californium-250|<sup>250</sup>Cf]] |
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| 2<sup> |
| 2<sup>−</sup> |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>250m1</sup>Bk |
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>250m1</sup>Bk |
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| Regel 254: | Regel 254: | ||
| rowspan="2"|55,6(11) min |
| rowspan="2"|55,6(11) min |
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| β<sup>−</sup> |
| β<sup>−</sup> |
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| <sup>251</sup>Cf |
| [[californium-251|<sup>251</sup>Cf]] |
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| rowspan="2"|(3/2<sup> |
| rowspan="2"|(3/2<sup>−</sup>) |
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|- |
|- |
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| α (10<sup>−5</sup>%) |
| α (10<sup>−5</sup>%) |
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| Regel 299: | Regel 299: | ||
== Overzicht van isotopen per element == |
== Overzicht van isotopen per element == |
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{{Tabel |
{{Tabel periodiek systeem|nr=sub|it=ja}} |
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{{Appendix|1=alles|2= |
{{Appendix|1=alles|2= |
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* {{en}} {{aut|R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin}} (1999) - [http://www.wiley-vch.de/books/info/0-471-35633-6/toi99/toi99cd.pdf ''Table of Isotopes''] (online versie van de |
* {{en}} {{aut|R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin}} (1999) - [http://www.wiley-vch.de/books/info/0-471-35633-6/toi99/toi99cd.pdf ''Table of Isotopes''] (online versie van de cd-rom) |
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* {{en}} {{aut|G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon}} (2003) - [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf ''The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties''], ''Nuclear Physics A'', '''729''', pp. 3-128 |
* {{en}} {{aut|G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon}} (2003) - [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf ''The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties''], ''Nuclear Physics A'', '''729''', pp. 3-128 |
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* {{en}} {{aut|J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor}} (2003) - [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2003/pdf/7506x0683.pdf ''Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)''], ''Pure and Applied Chemistry'', '''75''' (6), pp. 683–800 |
* {{en}} {{aut|J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor}} (2003) - [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2003/pdf/7506x0683.pdf ''Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)''], ''Pure and Applied Chemistry'', '''75''' (6), pp. 683–800 |
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* {{en}} {{aut|M.E. Wieser}} (2006) - [http://iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2006/pdf/7811x2051.pdf ''Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)''], ''Pure and Applied Chemistry'', '''78''' (11), pp. 2051–2066 |
* {{en}} {{aut|M.E. Wieser}} (2006) - [http://iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2006/pdf/7811x2051.pdf ''Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)''], ''Pure and Applied Chemistry'', '''78''' (11), pp. 2051–2066 |
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* {{en}} {{aut|David R. Lide}} (2004) - ''[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]]'' (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN |
* {{en}} {{aut|David R. Lide}} (2004) - ''[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]]'' (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - {{ISBN|978-0849304859}} |
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}} |
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{{Navigatie isotopen van berkelium}} |
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[[Categorie: |
[[Categorie:Isotoop van berkelium| ]] |
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[[Categorie:Isotopen naar element|Berkelium]] |
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[[ca:Isòtops del berkeli]] |
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[[en:Isotopes of berkelium]] |
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[[hu:A berkélium izotópjai]] |
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[[ja:バークリウムの同位体]] |
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[[zh:锫的同位素]] |
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Huidige versie van 10 nov 2020 om 10:36
Het chemisch element berkelium (Bk), met een atoommassa van ongeveer 247 u, bezit geen stabiele isotopen en wordt dus geclassificeerd als radioactief element. De 19 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een uur).
In de natuur komt geen berkelium voor: alle isotopen zijn synthetisch bereid in een laboratorium. De eerste synthetische isotoop was 243Bk, in 1949.
De kortstlevende isotoop van berkelium is 234Bk, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 20 seconden. De langstlevende is 247Bk, met een halfwaardetijd van 1380 jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||
| 235Bk | 97 | 138 | 235,05658(43) | 20 s | α | 231Am | |
| β+ | 235Cm | ||||||
| 236Bk | 97 | 139 | 236,05733(43) | 1 min | α | 232Am | |
| β+ | 236Cm | ||||||
| 237Bk | 97 | 140 | 237,05700(24) | 1 min | α | 233Am | 7/2+ |
| β+ (zelden) | 237Cm | ||||||
| 238Bk | 97 | 141 | 238,05828(31) | 2,40(8) min | α | 234Am | |
| β+, SS (0,048%) | |||||||
| β+ (rare) | 238Cm | ||||||
| 239Bk | 97 | 142 | 239,05828(25) | 3 min | α | 235Am | 7/2+ |
| β+ | 239Cm | ||||||
| 240Bk | 97 | 143 | 240,05976(16) | 4,8(8) min | β+ (90%) | 240Cm | |
| α (10%) | 236Am | ||||||
| β+, SS (0,002%) | |||||||
| 241Bk | 97 | 144 | 241,06023(22) | 4,6(4) min | α | 237Am | (7/2+) |
| β+ (zelden) | 241Cm | ||||||
| 242Bk | 97 | 145 | 242,06198(22) | 7,0(13) min | β+ (99,99%) | 242Cm | 2− |
| β+, SS (3 × 10−4%) | |||||||
| 242mBk | 200(200) keV | 600(100) ns | |||||
| 243Bk | 97 | 146 | 243,063008(5) | 4,5(2) uur | β+ (99,85%) | 243Cm | (3/2−) |
| α (0,15%) | 239Am | ||||||
| 244Bk | 97 | 147 | 244,065181(16) | 4,35(15) uur | β+ (99,99%) | 244Cm | (4−) |
| α (0,006%) | 240Am | ||||||
| 245Bk | 97 | 148 | 245,0663616(25) | 4,94(3) dagen | EV (99,88%) | 245Cm | 3/2− |
| α (0,12%) | 241Am | ||||||
| 246Bk | 97 | 149 | 246,06867(6) | 1,80(2) dagen | β+ (99,8%) | 246Cm | 2− |
| α (0,2%) | 242Am | ||||||
| 247Bk | 97 | 150 | 247,070307(6) | 1380 jaar | α | 243Am | (3/2−) |
| SS (zelden) | |||||||
| 248Bk | 97 | 151 | 248,07309(8) | > 9 jaar | α | 244Am | 6+ |
| 248mBk | 30(70) keV | 23,7(2) uur | 1− | ||||
| 249Bk | 97 | 152 | 249,0749867(28) | 330(4) dagen | β− | 249Cf | 7/2+ |
| α (0,00145%) | 245Am | ||||||
| SS (4,7 × 10−8%) | |||||||
| 249mBk | 8,80(10) keV | 300 µs | (3/2−) | ||||
| 250Bk | 97 | 153 | 250,078317(4) | 3,212(5) uur | β− | 250Cf | 2− |
| 250m1Bk | 35,59(5) keV | 29(1) µs | (4+) | ||||
| 250m2Bk | 84,1(21) keV | 213(8) µs | (7+) | ||||
| 251Bk | 97 | 154 | 251,080760(12) | 55,6(11) min | β− | 251Cf | (3/2−) |
| α (10−5%) | 247Am | ||||||
| 251mBk | 35,5(13) keV | 58(4) µs | (7/2+) | ||||
| 252Bk | 97 | 155 | 252,08431(22) | 1,8(5) min | β− | 252Cf | |
| α | 248Am | ||||||
| 253Bk | 97 | 156 | 253,08688(39) | 10 min | β− | 253Cf | |
| 254Bk | 97 | 157 | 254,09060(32) | 1 min | β− | 254Cf | |
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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