Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ² Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ³ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁴ Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
• ⁶ Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ⁷ Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
• ⁸ NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
• ⁹ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁰ Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
• ¹¹ Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
• ¹² The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
• ¹³ Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
• ¹⁴ Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
• ¹⁵ BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ¹⁶ Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
• ¹⁸ Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁹ Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²⁰ Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ²¹ Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
• ²² UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
• ²³ Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ²⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ²⁵ McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ²⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ²⁷ UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ²⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
• ²⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ³⁰ Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
• ³¹ Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³² Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ³³ Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
• ³⁴ Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
• ³⁵ Human Longevity, Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
• ³⁶ Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
• ³⁷ Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ³⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ³⁹ Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.
• ⁴¹ Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
• ⁴² Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁴³ Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁴⁴ NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ⁴⁵ Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
• ⁴⁶ 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁴⁹ Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
• ⁵¹ Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
• ⁵² Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
• ⁵³ Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁵⁴ Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
• ⁵⁵ University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece.
• ⁵⁶ Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece.
• ⁵⁷ Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
• ⁵⁸ Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁶⁰ Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁶¹ Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁶² Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ⁶³ K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ⁶⁴ Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁶⁵ Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
• ⁶⁶ Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁶⁷ Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
• ⁶⁸ Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁶⁹ Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
• ⁷⁰ Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology/School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
• ⁷¹ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
• ⁷² Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁷³ Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ⁷⁴ Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
• ⁷⁵ NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁷⁶ Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
• ⁷⁷ Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁷⁸ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁷⁹ Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁸⁰ Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ⁸¹ Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ⁸² Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁸³ Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ⁸⁴ College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ⁸⁵ Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁸⁶ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁸⁷ Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ⁸⁸ Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁸⁹ Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected].
• ⁹⁰ Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected].