Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
Yttrium, 39 Yttrium Pronunciation (IT -ree-əm Appearance sillery white Standard atomic weight A r, std (Y) 7001889058400000000♠ 88.90584 (1)[ 1] Yttrium in the periodic cairt
Atomic nummer (Z ) 39 Group group 3 Period period 5 Block d-block Element category Transeetion metal Electron confeeguration [Kr ] 4d1 5s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 Pheesical properties Phase at STP solit Meltin pynt 1799 K (1526 °C, 2779 °F) Bylin pynt 3609 K (3336 °C, 6037 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 4.472 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 4.24 g/cm3 Heat o fusion 11.42 kJ/mol Heat o vapourisation 365 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.53 J/(mol·K) Vapour pressur
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1883
2075
(2320)
(2627)
(3036)
(3607)
Atomic properties Oxidation states 0,[ 2] +3 Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.22 Atomic radius empirical: 180 pm Covalent radius 190±7 pm Colour lines in a spectral range Spectral lines o yttriumIther properties Naitural occurrence primordial Creestal structur hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Speed o soond thin rod 3300 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion (r.t. ) (α, poly) Thermal conductivity 17.2 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity (r.t. ) (α, poly) 596 n Ω·m Magnetic orderin paramagnetic [ 3] Young's modulus 63.5 GPa Shear modulus 25.6 GPa Bulk modulus 41.2 GPa Poisson ratio 0.243 Brinell haurdness 589 MPa CAS Nummer 7440-65-5 History Diskivery Johan Gadolin (1794) First isolation Carl Gustav Mosander (1840) Main isotopes o yttrium
| references
style="text-align:left"|
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
1526
—
—
K
1799
1799
0
F
2779
2779
0
WD
2732 ! 2732 Fahrenheit
[ 4]
input
C: 1526, K: 1799, F: 2779
comment
style="text-align:left"|
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
3336
—
—
K
3609
3609
0
F
6037
6037
0
WD
5301 ! 5301 Fahrenheit
[ 4]
input
C: 3336, K: 3609, F: 6037
comment
References
Thir references will appear in the airticle, but this list appears anerly on this page.
↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev . 22 : 17–24. doi :10.1039/CS9932200017 .
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. ↑ a b http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0673.html .
