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Coordinates: 27°10′30″N 78°02′31″E / 27.17500°N 78.04194°E / 27.17500; 78.04194
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{{Infobox Historic Site
{{Infobox Historic Site
| name = Taj Mahal<br>{{nobold|{{lang|hi|ताजमहल}}}}.
| name = Taj Mahal
| image = Taj Mahal N-UP-A28-a.jpg
| image = Taj Mahal, Agra, India edit3.jpg
| caption = Taj Mahal
| caption = Taj Mahal
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1 = WHS
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| isbn =0-8225-4694-9
| isbn =0-8225-4694-9
| access-date =7 February 2015}}</ref>
| access-date =7 February 2015}}</ref>
| architect = [[Ustad Ahmad Lahauri]]
| architect = [[Ustad Ahmad Lahori]]
| architecture = [[Mughal architecture]]
| architecture = [[Mughal architecture]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27|10|30|N|78|02|31|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|27|10|30|N|78|02|31|E|display=inline,title}}
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}}
}}


The '''Taj Mahal''' is an [[Islam]]ic religious building, [[mosque]] and [[tomb]] in India. It was built in the 17th century by Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] in memory of his wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]]. Its chief architect was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
The '''Taj Mahal''' is an [[Islam]]ic religious building, [[mosque]] and [[tomb]] in India. It was built in the 17th century by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] as a [[mausoleum]] in memory of his wife, [[Mumtaz Mahal]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=Taj Mahal|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252/|access-date=2024-08-25|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref>


The building is in the city of [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is widely thought as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. It is one of India's biggest [[tourism|tourist]] attractions.
The building is in the city of [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is widely thought as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. It is one of India's biggest [[tourism|tourist]] attractions.
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The Taj Mahal is listed as a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]], together with the [[Agra Fort]], 2.5 kilometers away. It was listed as one of the 7 Wonders of the World in 2007. It is on the south bank of the [[Yamuna]] river in Agra.
The Taj Mahal is listed as a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]], together with the [[Agra Fort]], 2.5 kilometers away. It was listed as one of the 7 Wonders of the World in 2007. It is on the south bank of the [[Yamuna]] river in Agra.


The building was originally white. Because of pollution, it is turning yellow. Sulphur dioxide in the [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]] reacts with water molecules and becomes [[Sulfuric acid|sulphuric acid]], which slowly destroys the outer layer of the building.
The building was originally white. Because of pollution, it is turning yellow. Sulphur dioxide in the [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]] reacts with water molecules and becomes [[Sulfuric acid|sulphuric acid]], which slowly destroys the outer layer of the building. The building also appears to be pink in the morning, yellow-ish in the evening, and gold at night.


The Taj Mahal is one of the most notable examples of [[Islamic architecture]] ever built. When it was built, most of India was ruled over by the [[Mughal Empire]] except the South. Shah Jahan was a Mughal emperor who came into power around 1628. According to historians, Shah Jahan loved building and architecture, which gave him the nickname “The Builder Of Marvels”. The Taj Mahal was built for Shah Jahan’s third wife, Mumtaz Mahal- meaning the “Jewel of the palace”. She became ill giving birth to their 14th child. As she was about to die, she asked Shah Jahan to make her the most beautiful tomb that was ever built. She died on 17 June 1631. In 1657, Shah Jahan fell ill. He died in captivity in 1666. His tomb was placed besides Mumtaz Mahal's.
The Taj Mahal is one of the most notable examples of [[Islamic architecture]] ever built. When it was built, most of India was ruled over by the [[Mughal Empire]] except the South. Shah Jahan was a Mughal emperor who came into power around 1628. According to historians, Shah Jahan loved building and architecture, which made his nickname “The Builder Of Marvels”. The Taj Mahal was built for Shah Jahan’s third wife, Mumtaz Mahal- meaning the “Jewel of the palace”. She became ill giving birth to their 14th child. As she was about to die, she asked Shah Jahan to make her the most beautiful tomb that was ever built. She died on 17 June 1631. In 1657, Shah Jahan fell ill. He died in captivity in 1666. His tomb was placed beside Mumtaz Mahal's.


== Construction ==
== Construction ==
The Taj Mahal is an example of [[Muslim Architecture]] – a mixture of building design influenced from [[Middle East]]ern, [[India]]n, [[Turkish]], and [[Ottoman]] architecture.
The Taj Mahal is an example of [[Muslim Architecture]] – a mixture of building design influenced from [[Middle East]]ern, [[India]]n, [[Turkish]], and [[Ottoman]] architecture.


The Taj Mahal was built with materials from all over the world. Over 20,000 people were used to move building materials. It is generally thought that Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was in charge of the construction.<ref name="unesco">[http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/252.pdf UNESCO advisory body evaluation].</ref> The building was finished in 1648.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000714-2,00.html |title=At The Taj Mahal, Grime Amid Grandeur - TIME |first=Meenaksy |last=Ganguly |work=time.com |date=September 10, 2001 |access-date=April 2, 2011 |archive-date=January 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117202925/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000714-2,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The Taj Mahal was built with materials from all over the world. Over 20,000 people were used to move building materials. It is generally thought that Ustad Ahmad Lahauri (from [[Lahore]]) was in charge of the construction.<ref name="unesco">[http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/252.pdf UNESCO advisory body evaluation].</ref> The building was finished in 1648.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000714-2,00.html |title=At The Taj Mahal, Grime Amid Grandeur - TIME |first=Meenaksy |last=Ganguly |work=time.com |date=September 10, 2001 |access-date=April 2, 2011 |archive-date=January 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117202925/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000714-2,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== Visitors ==
== Visitors ==
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}}</ref> A nearby oil refinery has been blamed for some of the damage. In 1996, the [[Indian Supreme Court]] said that local [[industry]] was harming the Taj Mahal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.architectureweek.com/2007/0411/culture_1-1.html |title=ArchitectureWeek - Culture - Saving the Taj Mahal - 2007.0411 |first=Ian |last=Morley |work=architectureweek.com |date=April 11, 2007 |access-date=April 2, 2011 |archive-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326043250/http://www.architectureweek.com/2007/0411/culture_1-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The court set up an area of 10,400 square metres around the Taj Mahal called the Taj Trapezium Zone. Industries within this zone must use Natural gas instead of [[coal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-04/open-space/27763982_1_taj-mahal-monuments-world-heritage-sites |title=Why is the Taj Trapezium Zone and why is it called so? |work=Times of India |date=May 4, 2008 |access-date=April 2, 2011 |archive-date=March 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142204/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-04/open-space/27763982_1_taj-mahal-monuments-world-heritage-sites |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}</ref> A nearby oil refinery has been blamed for some of the damage. In 1996, the [[Indian Supreme Court]] said that local [[industry]] was harming the Taj Mahal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.architectureweek.com/2007/0411/culture_1-1.html |title=ArchitectureWeek - Culture - Saving the Taj Mahal - 2007.0411 |first=Ian |last=Morley |work=architectureweek.com |date=April 11, 2007 |access-date=April 2, 2011 |archive-date=March 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326043250/http://www.architectureweek.com/2007/0411/culture_1-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The court set up an area of 10,400 square metres around the Taj Mahal called the Taj Trapezium Zone. Industries within this zone must use Natural gas instead of [[coal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-04/open-space/27763982_1_taj-mahal-monuments-world-heritage-sites |title=Why is the Taj Trapezium Zone and why is it called so? |work=Times of India |date=May 4, 2008 |access-date=April 2, 2011 |archive-date=March 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142204/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-05-04/open-space/27763982_1_taj-mahal-monuments-world-heritage-sites |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Because of pollution, the Taj Mahal is getting yellower slowly.
Because of pollution, the Taj Mahal is getting whiter slowly.


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 13:24, 25 October 2024

Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal
LocationAgra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates27°10′30″N 78°02′31″E / 27.17500°N 78.04194°E / 27.17500; 78.04194
Height73 metres (240 ft)
Built1632–53[1]
ArchitectUstad Ahmad Lahori
Architectural style(s)Mughal architecture
Visitors7–8 million[2] (in 2014-2017)
TypeCultural
Criteria(i)
Designated1983 (7th session)
Reference no.252
State PartyIndia
RegionAsia-Pacific
Taj Mahal is located in India
Taj Mahal
Location of Agra within India

The Taj Mahal is an Islamic religious building, mosque and tomb in India. It was built in the 17th century by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.[3]

The building is in the city of Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It is widely thought as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. It is one of India's biggest tourist attractions.

The Taj Mahal is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, together with the Agra Fort, 2.5 kilometers away. It was listed as one of the 7 Wonders of the World in 2007. It is on the south bank of the Yamuna river in Agra.

The building was originally white. Because of pollution, it is turning yellow. Sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with water molecules and becomes sulphuric acid, which slowly destroys the outer layer of the building. The building also appears to be pink in the morning, yellow-ish in the evening, and gold at night.

The Taj Mahal is one of the most notable examples of Islamic architecture ever built. When it was built, most of India was ruled over by the Mughal Empire except the South. Shah Jahan was a Mughal emperor who came into power around 1628. According to historians, Shah Jahan loved building and architecture, which made his nickname “The Builder Of Marvels”. The Taj Mahal was built for Shah Jahan’s third wife, Mumtaz Mahal- meaning the “Jewel of the palace”. She became ill giving birth to their 14th child. As she was about to die, she asked Shah Jahan to make her the most beautiful tomb that was ever built. She died on 17 June 1631. In 1657, Shah Jahan fell ill. He died in captivity in 1666. His tomb was placed beside Mumtaz Mahal's.

Construction

[change | change source]

The Taj Mahal is an example of Muslim Architecture – a mixture of building design influenced from Middle Eastern, Indian, Turkish, and Ottoman architecture.

The Taj Mahal was built with materials from all over the world. Over 20,000 people were used to move building materials. It is generally thought that Ustad Ahmad Lahauri (from Lahore) was in charge of the construction.[4] The building was finished in 1648.[5]

Visitors

[change | change source]

The Taj Mahal had 2 million visitors in 2001. In 2014-2017 there were more than 7-8 million visitors.

Damage

[change | change source]

Many people think the Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful buildings ever built. However, it is slowly being damaged by acid rain in the nearby Yamuna Basin.[6] A nearby oil refinery has been blamed for some of the damage. In 1996, the Indian Supreme Court said that local industry was harming the Taj Mahal.[7] The court set up an area of 10,400 square metres around the Taj Mahal called the Taj Trapezium Zone. Industries within this zone must use Natural gas instead of coal.[8]

Because of pollution, the Taj Mahal is getting whiter slowly.

References

[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taj Mahal.
  1. ↑ Dutemple, Lesley A (2003). The Taj Mahal. Lerner Publications Co. p. 32. ISBN 0-8225-4694-9. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  2. ↑ "Archaeological Survey of India Agra working on compiling visual archives on Taj Mahal". The Economic Times. 29 November 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  3. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Taj Mahal". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  4. ↑ UNESCO advisory body evaluation.
  5. ↑ Ganguly, Meenaksy (September 10, 2001). "At The Taj Mahal, Grime Amid Grandeur - TIME". time.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  6. ↑ "News - Environment: India's famed Taj Mahal is losing its lustre". iol.co.za. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  7. ↑ Morley, Ian (April 11, 2007). "ArchitectureWeek - Culture - Saving the Taj Mahal - 2007.0411". architectureweek.com. Archived from the original on March 26, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  8. ↑ "Why is the Taj Trapezium Zone and why is it called so?". Times of India. May 4, 2008. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2011.

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