Tazama chanzo cha Jiografia ya Afrika

[[Picha:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|320px|Afrika duniani.]]
[[Picha:187 1003703 africa dxm.png|thumb|Afrika kutoka satelaiti.]]
[[Picha:Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|left|Mlima Kilimanjaro.]]
[[File:Nile_basin_map.png|thumb|left|[[Beseni]] la mto Naili<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nile River|url=http://www.nilebasin.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=106&Itemid=120|publisher=Nile Basin Initiative|accessdate=1 February 2011|year=2011|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902204833/http://www.nilebasin.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=106&Itemid=120|archivedate=2 September 2010}}</ref>.]]
[[Picha:Africa-asia-america-to-scale.jpg|thumb|Uwiano kati ya Afrika, Asia na Amerika.]]

'''Jiografia ya Afrika''' inahusu [[bara]] hilo ambalo ni la pili [[duniani]] kwa ukubwa, likiwa na eneo la [[kilometa za mraba]] zipatazo 30,368,609 (6% za eneo lote la [[dunia]], sawa na 20% za [[nchi kavu]]) na vilevile kwa [[idadi]] ya wakazi, hao wakiwa 1,275,920,972 (mwaka [[2018]]). [[Asia]] ndiyo bara pekee la kushinda Afrika. 

Kuna [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] 8,000 kutoka [[Ras ben Sakka]] nchini [[Tunisia]] (37°21' N, sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] kabisa) hadi [[rasi]] ya [[Cape Agulhas]] nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] (34°51'15" S, sehemu ya [[kusini]] kabisa)<ref>Lewin, Evans. (1924) ''Africa'', Clarendon press </ref> . 

Umbali ni km 7,400 kutoka upande wa [[magharibi]] (rasi ya [[Cape Verde]], 17°33'22" W) hadi [[mashariki]] ([[Ras Hafun]] nchini [[Somalia]], 51°27'52" E)<ref name=MW>(1998) ''Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary (Index)'', Merriam-Webster, pp. 10–11. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.</ref>.

[[Mlima]] mrefu zaidi barani unapatikana nchini [[Tanzania]]: ni [[volkeno]] [[Kilimanjaro (Volkeno)|Kilimanjaro]] ([[mita]] 5,895 juu ya [[usawa wa bahari]]) ambao ni pia mlima mrefu kuliko yote duniani usiojitokeza katika [[safu ya milima]].

[[Mto]] mrefu zaidi barani na duniani ni [[Naili]] ukiwa na mwendo wa kilometa 6,758 kuanzia nchini [[Rwanda]] na Burundi, kupitia [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Sudan]] na hatimaye [[Misri]].

Katika mwendo wake wa awali [[maji]] ya Naili yanakusanyika katika [[ziwa Nyanza]]/Viktoria ambalo ni pana kuliko yote barani na la pili duniani likiwa na kilometa mraba 59,947.

Afrika imezungukwa na [[bahari]] karibu pande zote. Kuna kiungo chembamba cha nchi kavu upande wa [[kaskazini]] [[mashariki]] na bara la Asia kwenye [[rasi ya Sinai]] <ref>Drysdale, Alasdair and Gerald H. Blake. (1985) ''The Middle East and North Africa'', Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-503538-0.</ref>.

Upande wa kaskazini iko [[Bahari ya Mediteranea]], upande wa mashariki kuna [[Bahari Hindi]] pamoja na [[Bahari ya Shamu]] na upande wa magharibi iko [[Bahari Atlantiki]].  

[[Pwani]] yote ya Afrika ina [[urefu]] wa kilomita 26,000.

Kuna [[kisiwa]] kikubwa cha [[Madagaska]] na [[funguvisiwa]] mbalimbali.

==Jiolojia==
[[File:Vegetation Africa.png|thumb|right|300px|Uoto barani Afrika]]
[[jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Afrika iko kwenye [[bamba la Afrika]]. Lile [[bamba la gandunia]] la Afrika linaenea mbali zaidi kuliko maeneo tunayotazama kuwa Afrika [[jiografia|kijiografia]], ni pamoja na maeneo chini ya bahari linapopakana na [[bamba la Ulaya-Asia|mabamba ya Ulaya-Asia]], [[bamba la Uarabuni|Uarabuni]], [[bamba la Uhindi|Uhindi]] na [[bamba la Australia|Australia]], [[Antaktika]], [[Amerika ya Kusini]] na [[Amerika Kaskazini|Kaskazini]]. Upande wa mashariki wa bamba la Afrika kuna [[ufa]] unaozidi kupanuka ikielekea kujitenga kutoka Afrika kama [[bamba la Somalia]].

==Tabianchi==
[[Tabianchi]] ya Afrika ni pana, kuanzia kanda za [[tropiki]] hadi kufikia maeneo ya [[nusu-aktiki]] (baridi) kwenye ncha za [[milima]] mirefu.  

Nusu ya kaskazini ya bara ni [[jangwa]] au angalau [[yabisi]]. Sehemu za kati na za kusini zina maeneo ya [[savanna]] na kanda za [[msitu wa mvua]]. 

Afrika ni bara lenye [[joto]] kuliko mabara yote na asilimia 60 za uso wake ni maeneo yabisi au [[jangwa]]. <ref name="environmentalatlas">[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/afrfocus/afrfocus061708.html "Africa: Environmental Atlas, 06/17/08."] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/afrfocus/afrfocus061708.html |date=20120105193432 }} [http://www.africa.upenn.edu African Studies Center], University of Pennsylvania. Accessed June 2011.</ref>

== Nchi za Afrika ==
{{main|Orodha ya nchi za Afrika}}
{{Afrikamap|float=right}}
Barani kuna [[nchi huru]] 54 zinazotambuliwa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], maeneo 9 yenye hali ya pekee na [[Dola|madola]] mawili ambayo yanajitawala bila kutambuliwa kimataifa.

Nchi kubwa ya Afrika ni [[Algeria]] na nchi ndogo ni [[Shelisheli]], funguvisiwa la Bahari Hindi.<ref name=Hoare>Hoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publications. p. 11. ISBN 0-7534-5569-2.</ref> Nchi ndogo Afrika bara ni [[Gambia]].

==Wakazi == 
{{main|Demografia ya Afrika}}
[[Wataalamu]] wengi wanakubaliana kutambua Afrika kama asili ya [[binadamu]] wote walioko duniani. <ref>[http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: Feb. 16, 2005] {{wayback|url=http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html |date=20071024234234 }}</ref>

Mwaka 2010 idadi ya wakazi wa nchi zote za Afrika ilipita [[bilioni]] 1. Ni kwamba [[idadi]] yao imeongezeka sana katika miaka 40 iliyopita, ikipiku zile za [[Ulaya]] na [[Amerika]]. 

Ilhali mwaka [[1950]] walikuwepo Waafrika milioni 229 pekee, idadi iliongezeka kuwa milioni 630 mwaka [[1990]] na milioni 1200 mnamo [[2014]]. <ref>"[http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_proj_africa.aspx Past and future population of Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_proj_africa.aspx |date=20150924044751 }}". Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013).</ref> <ref>[http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/08/13/340091377/unicef-report-africas-population-could-hit-4-billion-by-2100 UNICEF Report: Africa's Population Could Hit 4 Billion By 2100]. [[NPR|National Public Radio]] (NPR). 13 August 2014.</ref> 
 
Hivyo [[asilimia]] ya [[watoto]] na [[vijana]] ni kubwa. Kuna nchi kadhaa ambako zaidi ya [[nusu]] ya wananchi wako chini ya [[umri]] wa miaka 25.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.overpopulation.org/Africa.html|title=Africa Population Dynamics|accessdate=2020-04-19|archivedate=2015-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217040305/http://www.overpopulation.org/Africa.html}}</ref> Wakazi wa Afrika ni vijana kuliko wale wa mabara mengine yote;<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Njideka U. | last=Harry | title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society | date=11 September 2013}}</ref> mwaka [[2012]] umri wa wastani ulikuwa miaka 19.7, wakati kidunia ulikuwa 30.4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|title=item,4 of the provisional agenda - General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|work=UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA|author=ABDOULIE JANNEH|date=April 2012|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> 

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[[File:Kobli1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Mwanamke wa [[Benin]].]]
Zaidi ya [[lugha]] elfu za Kiafrika zinazungumzwa barani leo, ingawa nyingi zinazidi kufifia.

[[File:Religion distribution Africa crop.png|thumb|Ramani ya dini barani Afrika.]]
Waafrika wana [[imani]] za dini nyingi tofauti, lakini [[takwimu]] zinazotolewa hazina hakika, pia kwa sababu suala hilo ni nyeti kisiasa kwa [[serikali]] zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa watu, kama vile [[Nigeria]], [[Ethiopia]] na [[Tanzania]].<ref name=stanford>[http://library.stanford.edu/africa/religion.html "African Religion on the Internet"] {{Wayback|url=http://library.stanford.edu/africa/religion.html |date=20080509144121 }}, [[Stanford University]]</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00EEDC1030F932A35752C1A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1|date=November 1, 2001|title=Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere|first=Normitsu|last=Onishi|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref> 

Kadiri ya [[World Book Encyclopedia]], [[Uislamu barani Afrika|Islam]] ndiyo inayoongoza, ikifuatwa na [[Ukristo barani Afrika|Ukristo]]. Kumbe kadiri ya [[Encyclopedia Britannica]], 45% za wakazi ni [[Wakristo]], 40% ni [[Waislamu]] na 10% wanafuata [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. Wachache tu ni [[Wahindu]], [[Wabuddha]], [[Bahai|Wabaha'i]] au hawana dini yoyote.

== Tazama pia ==
{{Lango|Afrika}}
* [[Historia ya Afrika]]
* [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]]
* [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]]
* [[Maziwa ya Afrika]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|Geography of Africa}}
{{Wikiatlas|Africa}}
*https://archive.today/20121206044709/http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0509/feature1/zoomify/index.html Africa: The Human Footprint]. Interactive map of human impact on Africa by [[National Geographic Magazine|National Geographic]].
*https://web.archive.org/web/20100117005910/http://www.usaraf.army.mil/MAP_INTERACTIVE/INTERACTIVE_MAP.swf Africa - Interactive Map with demographics and geopolitical information] from the [[United States Army Africa]]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Africa}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/ African & Middle Eastern Reading Room] from the United States [[Library of Congress]]
* [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/ Africa South of the Sahara] from [[Stanford University]]
* [http://www.afrika.no/index/ The Index on Africa] from ''The Norwegian Council for Africa''
* [http://www.aluka.org/ Aluka] Digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa

{{Africa topics}}
[[Jamii:Afrika|*]]
[[Jamii:Bara]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia]]