View source for Exclusive economic zone

{{Distinguish|Special economic zone}}
{{Short description|Adjacent sea zone in which a state has special rights}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}

[[File:Zonmar-en.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Sea areas in international rights (top down view)]]

An '''exclusive economic zone''' ('''EEZ''') is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea]] over which a [[sovereign state]] has special rights regarding the exploration and use of [[ocean|marine]] [[natural resource|resources]], including energy production from water and wind.<ref>{{cite web |title=Part V – Exclusive Economic Zone, Article 56 |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part5.htm |work=Law of the Sea |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=28 August 2011}}</ref> It stretches from the baseline out to 200&nbsp;[[nautical mile]]s (nmi) from its coast. In colloquial usage, the term may include the [[continental shelf]]. The term does not include either the [[Territorial waters#Territorial sea|territorial sea]] or the continental shelf beyond the 200 nmi limit. The difference between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone is that the first confers full [[sovereignty]] over the waters, whereas the second is merely a "sovereign right" which refers to the coastal state's rights below the surface of the sea. The surface waters, as can be seen in the map, are [[international waters]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Part V – Exclusive Economic Zone, Articles 55, 56 |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part5.htm |work=Law of the Sea |publisher=United Nations}}</ref>

[[File:Territorial waters - World.svg|thumb|400px|The World's exclusive economic zones, shown in dark blue]]

==Definition==
[[File:Map of the Territorial Waters of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.png|thumb|upright=1.35|EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean]]
[[File:Map of the Territorial Waters of the Pacific Ocean.png|thumb|upright=1.35|EEZs in the Pacific Ocean]]

Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than {{convert|200|nmi|km|abbr=on}} out from its coastal [[Baseline (sea)|baseline]]. The exception to this rule occurs when exclusive economic zones would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than {{convert|400|nmi|km|abbr=on}} apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual [[maritime boundary]].<ref name=SLO1>William R. Slomanson, 2006. Fundamental Perspectives on International Law, 5th edn. Belmont, CA: Thomson-Wadsworth, 294.</ref> Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the nearest state.<ref>UN Convention on the Law of The Sea.</ref>

A state's exclusive economic zone starts at the seaward edge of its territorial sea and extends outward to a distance of {{convert|200|nmi|km|abbr=on}} from the baseline. The exclusive economic zone stretches much further into sea than the [[territorial waters]], which end at {{convert|12|nmi|km|abbr=on}} from the coastal baseline (if following the rules set out in the [[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]]).<ref>[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part2.htm] 1982 UN Convention on the Law of The Sea.</ref> Thus, the exclusive economic zones includes the [[contiguous zone]]. States also have rights to the [[seabed]] of what is called the [[continental shelf]] up to {{convert|350|nmi|km|abbr=on}} from the coastal baseline, beyond the exclusive economic zones, but such areas are not part of their exclusive economic zones. The legal definition of the continental shelf does not directly correspond to the geological meaning of the term, as it also includes the continental rise and slope, and the entire seabed within the exclusive economic zone.

==Origin==
The idea of allotting nations EEZs to give them more control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits gained acceptance in the late 20th century.

Initially, a country's sovereign territorial waters extended {{convert|3|nmi|km|disp=or|abbr=on}} (range of cannon shot) beyond the shore. In modern times, a country's sovereign territorial waters extend to {{convert|12|nmi|km|abbr=on}} beyond the shore. One of the first assertions of exclusive jurisdiction beyond the traditional territorial seas was made by the United States in the [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] Proclamation of 28 September 1945. However, it was Chile and [[Peru]] respectively that first claimed maritime zones of 200 nautical miles with the Presidential Declaration Concerning Continental Shelf of 23 June 1947 (El Mercurio, Santiago de Chile, 29 June 1947) and Presidential Decree No. 781 of 1 August 1947 (El Peruano: Diario {{Not a typo|Oficial}}. Vol. 107, No. 1983, 11 August 1947).<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/s5280T/s5280t0p.htm The Exclusive Economic Zone: A Historical Perspective]. Fao.org. Retrieved 23 July 2013.</ref>

It was not until 1982 with the [[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]] that the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone was formally adopted.

==Disputes==
{{section update|date=June 2020}}

The exact extent of exclusive economic zones is a common source of conflicts between states over marine waters.

* The [[South China Sea]] (and the [[Spratly Islands]]) is the site of an ongoing dispute between several neighboring nations.
* [[Croatia]]'s ZERP ([[Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone]]) in the Adriatic Sea caused friction with Italy and [[Slovenia]], and caused problems during [[Accession of Croatia to the European Union|Croatia's accession to the European Union]].
* A wedge-shaped section of the [[Beaufort Sea]] is disputed between Canada and the United States, as the area reportedly contains substantial [[oil reserves]].
* [[Mauritius]] claims EEZ for [[Tromelin Island|Tromelin]] from France and EEZ for [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] from the UK. A Exclusive Economic Zone covering 2.3 million square kilometres is used by Mauritius.
* [[Turkey]] claims a portion of [[Cyprus]]'s EEZ based on Turkey's definition that no islands, including Cyprus, can have full EEZ<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2019/06/23/turkey-eu-cyprus-eez-greece/ |title=Turkey sends non-paper to EU, warning to stay away from Cyprus EEZ|publisher=KeepTalkingGreece |date=23 June 2019 |accessdate=11 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/business/2019/05/13/greeces-maritime-claims-maximalist-violate-international-boundaries-law-1557696630|title=Greece's maritime claims 'maximalist,' violate international boundaries law|work=Daily Sabah |date=13 June 2019 |accessdate=11 July 2019}}</ref> and should only be entitled to a 12 nautical mile reduced EEZ rather than the usual 200 that Turkey and every other country are entitled to, including an area to the south of Cyprus containing an offshore [[gas field]]. Furthermore, the internationally unrecognized [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] (TRNC), which was created as result of the [[Turkish Invasion of Cyprus]], also claims portions of Cypriot EEZ. The Republic of Cyprus, intergovernmental organizations and other countries, such the European Union, the United States, Russia, Israel, Switzerland, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Armenia do not acknowledge the Turkish claims<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/235913/article/ekathimerini/comment/wess-mitchell-sends-clear-message-to-turkey-over-cyprus |title=Wess Mitchell sends clear message to Turkey over Cyprus |work= Kathimerini|date=21 December 2018|accessdate=18 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/gas-partnership-netanyahu-visits-cyprus |title=Gas Partnership: Netanyahu Visits Cyprus |accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2012/02/18/cyprus-calls-on-turkey-to-steer-away-from-threats/ |title=Cyprus Calls on Turkey to Steer Away From Threats – GreekReporter.com |first=A. |last=Makris |accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/242404/article/ekathimerini/news/athens-paris-moscow-and-cairo-urge-ankara-not-to-violate-cyprus-sovereignty |title=Athens, Paris, Moscow and Cairo urge Ankara not to violate Cyprus' sovereignty |work= Kathimerini|date=9 July 2019|accessdate=10 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190913-saudi-arabia-we-support-our-ally-cyprus-against-turkeys-activities-in-mediterranean/|title=Saudi Arabia: 'We support our ally Cyprus against Turkey's activities in Mediterranean'|publisher= Middle East Monitor|date=13 September 2019|accessdate=17 February 2020}}</ref> on Cyprus's land and sea, and urge Turkey to restrain itself from illegal drilling for gas in the island's EEZ.{{efn|See:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-cyprus-drilling/u-s-and-eu-concerned-by-turkeys-plans-to-drill-off-cyprus-idUSKCN1SC0D5 |title=U.S. and EU concerned by Turkey's plans to drill off Cyprus |agency=Reuters |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/241620/article/ekathimerini/news/southern-eu-leaders-express-support-for-cyprus-amid-turkish-energy-ambitions|title=Southern EU leaders express support for Cyprus amid Turkish energy ambitions |work=Kathimerini |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/news/turkish-manoeuvres-in-cyprus-eez-are-illegal |title=EPP Group urges prompt EU answer to Turkish actions in Cyprus |publisher=eppgroup.eu |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1767566/france-urges-turkey-halt-%E2%80%98illegal-activities%E2%80%99-cyprus |title=France Urges Turkey to Halt 'Illegal Activities' in Cyprus  |work=Asharq Al-Awsat |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://balkaneu.com/france-sends-strict-warning-to-turkey-on-cyprus-eez-ep-president-also-expresses-support/|title= France sends strict warning to Turkey on Cyprus EEZ- EP President also expresses support |publisher=balkaneu.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190506-us-urges-turkey-against-drilling-off-cyprus |title= US urges Turkey against drilling off Cyprus |publisher=France 24 |accessdate=10 July 2019|date= 6 May 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2019/07/10/Armenia-Turkey-Cyprus-EEZ/2138974 |title= Armenia urges Turkey to cease all activities within Cyprus EEZ |publisher=panorama.am |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-backs-cyprus-as-turkey-vows-to-continue-drilling-in-its-waters/ |title= Israel backs Cyprus as Turkey vows to continue drilling in its waters |work=The Times of Israel |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-gives-Cyprus-full-support-in-gas-drilling-dispute-with-Turkey-595249 |title= Israel gives Cyprus 'full support' in gas drilling dispute with Turkey |work=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onalert.gr/kosmos/kypros/aoz-sto-pleyro-tis-kyproy-kai-o-elvetos-ypex/353437/ |title= EEZ: Switzerland's Foreign Minister on Cyprus's side: (original: "ΑΟΖ: Στο πλευρό της Κύπρου και ο Ελβετός ΥΠΕΞ") |publisher=onalert.gr |accessdate=10 July 2019|date= 10 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190913-saudi-arabia-we-support-our-ally-cyprus-against-turkeys-activities-in-mediterranean/|title= Saudi Arabia: 'We support our ally Cyprus against Turkey's activities in Mediterranean' |publisher=Middle East Monitor |date= 13 September 2019|accessdate=15 September 2019}}</ref>}} Furthermore, EU has threatened Turkey with economic and political sanctions for violating the Cypriot EEZ.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tovima.gr/2019/06/21/international/eu-leaders-blast-turkey-over-cyprus-eez-order-list-of-sanctions/ |title= EU leaders blast Turkey over Cyprus' EEZ, order list of sanctions |publisher=tovima.gr |accessdate=10 July 2019|date= 21 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahvalnews.com/eu-turkey/turkeys-east-med-ambitions-facing-eu-roadblock-bloomberg|title= Turkey's East Med ambitions facing EU roadblock – Bloomberg  |publisher=ahvalnews.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
* [[Lebanon]] claims that the agreement between [[Cyprus]] and Israel overlapped its own EEZ.
* [[Japan]] claims an EEZ around [[Okinotorishima]], but this is disputed by [[China]], [[Taiwan]], and [[South Korea]], who claim it is an islet which is incapable of generating an EEZ.

===Potential disputes===
Regions where a permanent [[ice shelf]] extends beyond the coastline are also a source of potential dispute.<ref>[http://www.alsa.asn.au/files/acj/1996/cripps.html The Legal Status of Ice in the Antarctic Region] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060227142709/http://www.alsa.asn.au/files/acj/1996/cripps.html |date=27 February 2006 }}</ref>

===Resolved disputes===
* The [[Cod Wars]] between the United Kingdom and [[Iceland]] occurred periodically over many decades, until they were resolved with a final agreement in 1976.
* In 1992, the [[Canada–France Maritime Boundary Case]], which centered on the EEZ around the French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, was decided by an arbitral tribunal which concurred on the whole with the arguments put forth by Canada. France was awarded 18% of the area it had originally claimed.
* In 1999, following the [[Hanish Islands conflict]], the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]] ruled that the EEZs of [[Yemen]] and [[Eritrea]] should be demarcated equidistantly between the [[mainland]]s of the two nations, without taking account of sovereignty over the islands.<ref>{{cite web|title=AWARD OF THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL IN THE SECOND STAGE OF THE PROCEEDINGS (MARITIME DELIMITATION)|url=http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1160|publisher=Permanent Court of Arbitration|accessdate=12 April 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412132024/http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1160|archivedate=12 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kwiatkowska|first1=Barbara|title=The Eritrea-Yemen Arbitration: Landmark Progress in the Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty and Equitable Maritime Boundary Delimitation|journal=Ocean Development and International Law|date=January 2001|volume=32|issue=1|pages=1–25|doi=10.1080/00908320150502177|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263716135}}</ref>
* In 2009, in a dispute between [[Romania]] and [[Ukraine]] over [[Snake Island (Black Sea)|Snake Island]], the UN [[International Court of Justice]] decided that Snake Island has no EEZ beyond 12 nautical miles of its own land.<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/132/14987.pdf United Nations International Court of Justice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416202430/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/132/14987.pdf |date=16 April 2015 }} Decision year: 2009</ref>
* In 2010 the Norway and Russia dispute of both territorial sea and EEZ with regard to the [[Svalbard]] archipelago as it affects Russia's EEZ due to its [[Svalbard Treaty|unique treaty status]] was resolved. A treaty was agreed in principle in April 2010 between the two states and subsequently officially ratified, resolving this demarcation dispute.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/28/world/europe/28norway.html Russia and Norway Reach Accord on Barents Sea], ''The New York Times'', 28 April 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2010</ref> The agreement was signed in Murmansk on 15 September 2010.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/15/russia-norway-arctic-border-dispute Russia and Norway resolve Arctic border dispute], ''The Guardian'', 15 September 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010</ref>
* In 2014, the [[Netherlands]] and [[Germany]] resolved an old border dispute <ref>[[:File:Deutsch-Niederl%C3%A4ndische Grenzfrage.svg]]</ref> regarding the exact location of the border in the [[Dollart]] Bay. <ref>https://www.dw.com/en/germany-and-the-netherlands-end-centuries-old-border-dispute/a-18020219</ref> <ref>https://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/news/boundary_news/?itemno=22677&rehref=%2Fibru%2Fnews%2F&resubj=Boundary+news+Headlines</ref>

==Transboundary stocks==
{{See also|Fish migration#Highly migratory species{{!}}Highly migratory species}}
 
[[Fisheries management]], usually adhering to guidelines set by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), provides significant practical mechanisms for the control of EEZs. Transboundary fish stocks are an important concept in this control.<ref>[[FAO]]: The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0699e/A0699E07.htm ''Part3: highlights of Special studies''] Rome. {{ISBN|978-92-5-105568-7}}</ref>
Transboundary stocks are [[fish stock]]s that range in the EEZs of at least two countries. [[Fish stock#Straddling stock|Straddling stocks]], on the other hand, range both within an EEZ as well as in the [[high seas]], outside any EEZ. A stock can be both transboundary and straddling.<ref name="FAO 2007">[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] (2007) [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/i0150e/i0150e00.pdf Report of the FAO workshop on vulnerable ecosystems and destructive fishing in deep sea fisheries]{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Rome, Fisheries Report No. 829.</ref>

==By country==
===Algeria===
[[Algeria]] in 17 April 2018 establishes an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) off its coasts by Presidential Decree No. 18-96 of 2 Rajab 1439 corresponding to 20 March 2018.<ref name="dalgcp">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/mzn_s/mzn135ef.pdf Deposit by Algeria of a list of geographical coordinates of points, pursuant to article 75, paragraph 2, of the Convention]</ref><ref name="joradp">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/DZA_2018_Decree_1896_fr.pdf Presidential Decree No. 18-96 of 2 Rajab 1439 corresponding to March 20, 2018 establishing an exclusive economic zone off the Algerian coast.]</ref> The permanent Mission of Spain to the United Nations in 27 July 2018 declares his disagreement with the EEZ announced by Algeria and that the Government of Spain hereby indicates its willingness to enter into negotiations with the Government of Algeria with a view to reaching a mutually acceptable agreement on the outer limits of their respective exclusive economic zones<ref name="lfss">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/DZA_2018_noteverbale_en.pdf Letter from Spain to the Secretary-General of 27 July 2018]</ref>, The same was done by the Italian mission in 28 November 2018.<ref name="">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/2018_NV_Italy.pdf Letter from Italy to the Secretary-General of November 28 2018]</ref> The two countries indicated that the Algerian measure had been taken unilaterally and without consulting them.

25 November 2018 The Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent an oral note in response to the Spanish protest, explains that the Algerian Government does not recognize the largely exorbitant coordinates contained in Royal Decree 236/2013, which overlap with the coordinates of Presidential Decree n° 18–96 establishing an exclusive economic zone off the coast of Algeria. The Algerian Government wishes to emphasize that the unilateral delimitation carried out by Spain is not in conformity with the letter of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and has not taken into consideration the configuration, the specific characteristics and the special circumstances of the [[Mediterranean Sea]], in particular for the case of the two countries whose coasts are located face to face, as well as the objective rules and relevant principles of international law to govern the equitable delimitation of the maritime areas between Algeria and Spain, in accordance with article 74 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Algeria expressed its willingness to negotiate for a just solution<ref name="onamfa">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/DZA_2018_noteverbale_Fre.pdf '''oral note''' of the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs response to the Spanish protest]</ref>

20 June 2019 a communication from Algeria addressed to the Italian embassy<ref name="">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/AlgItaly.pdf Communication from Algeria addressed to Italy dated 20 June 2019]</ref> and the Spain embassy in Algiers<ref name="">[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/AlgSpain.pdf Communication from Algeria addressed to Spain dated 20 June 2019]</ref> to show their eligibility in her exclusive economic zone.

===Argentina===
[[File:Territorial waters - Argentina.svg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|[[Argentina]]'s exclusive economic zone including [[Foreign relations of Argentina#Sovereignty claims|territorial claims]]. Considering the maritime areas claimed, the total area of the [[Argentine]] reaches 3,849,756 [[km²]]]]

===Australia===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Australia}}
[[File:Territorial waters - Australia.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Australia's exclusive economic zones including Antarctic claim]]

Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone was declared on 1 August 1994, and extends from 12 [[nautical mile]]s to 200 nautical miles (370&nbsp;km) from the coastline of Australia and its [[States and territories of Australia|external territories]], except where a maritime [[delimitation]] agreement exists with another state.<ref name=EEZ>[http://www.agriculture.gov.au/fisheries/domestic/zone The Australian Fishing Zone]</ref><ref name="GSA">Geoscience Australia. 2005. [http://www.ga.gov.au/nmd/mapping/marbound/bndrs.jsp Maritime Boundary Definitions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405172325/http://www.ga.gov.au/nmd/mapping/marbound/bndrs.jsp |date=5 April 2005 }}.</ref> To the 12 nautical miles boundary is Australia's [[territorial waters]]. Australia has the third largest exclusive economic zone, behind France and the United States, but ahead of Russia, with the total area of 8,148,250 square kilometres, which actually exceeds its land territory.

The [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf]] confirmed, in April 2008, Australia's rights over an additional 2.5&nbsp;million square kilometres of seabed beyond the limits of Australia's EEZ.<ref>[http://minister.ret.gov.au/TheHonMartinFergusonMP/Pages/UNCONFIRMSAUSTRALIA’SRIGHTSOVEREXTRA.aspx UN confirms Australia’s rights over extra 2.5 million square kilometres of seabed.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025165652/http://minister.ret.gov.au/TheHonMartinFergusonMP/Pages/UNCONFIRMSAUSTRALIA%E2%80%99SRIGHTSOVEREXTRA.aspx |date=25 October 2009 }} Minister for Resources and Energy, The Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP, Media Release, 21 April 2008.{{cite web |url=http://minister.ret.gov.au/TheHonMartinFergusonMP/Pages/UNCONFIRMSAUSTRALIA’SRIGHTSOVEREXTRA.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=13 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827172656/http://minister.ret.gov.au/TheHonMartinFergusonMP/Pages/UNCONFIRMSAUSTRALIA%E2%80%99SRIGHTSOVEREXTRA.aspx |archivedate=27 August 2008 }}</ref><ref name="AAEEZ" /> Australia also claimed, in its submission to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, additional Continental Shelf past its EEZ from the [[Australian Antarctic Territory]],<ref name="CLCS">Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, [https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_aus.htm Submission by Australia]</ref> but these claims were deferred on Australia's request. However, Australia's EEZ from its Antarctic Territory is approximately 2 million square kilometres.<ref name="AAEEZ" />

{| class="wikitable"
! EEZ !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="AAEEZ">{{cite web|website = Geoscience Australia|url = http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/oceans-and-seas|title = Oceans and Seas|publisher = Australian Government|accessdate = 22 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Heard and McDonald Islands]] || 410,722
|-
| {{Flag|Christmas Island}} || 463,371
|-
| {{Flag|Cocos Islands}} || 325,021
|-
| {{Flag|Norfolk Island}} || 428,618
|-
| [[Macquarie Island]] || 471,837
|-
| Mainland Australia, Tasmania and minor islands || 6,048,681
|-
| [[Australian Antarctic Territory]] || 2,000,000{{NoteTag|The reference gives an approximate figure of 2 million square kilometres for the EEZ claimed by Australia as part of its Antarctic Territory. This is in addition to the 8 million square kilometre total given in the reference. This EEZ is also distinct from the 2.56 million square kilometres of additional continental shelf mentioned in the reference.}}
|-
| '''Total''' || '''8,148,250'''
|}

===Brazil===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Brazil}}

[[File:Territorial waters - Brazil.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Brazil's exclusive economic zones]]

Brazil's EEZ includes areas around the Fernando de Noronha Islands, St Paul and St. Peter Archipelago and the Trindade and Martim Islands. It is called the Blue Amazon.

{| class="wikitable"
! EEZ !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |last=See Around Us Project |title=Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) |date=n.d. |url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez |accessdate=3 June 2015 |quote=EEZ waters of: Brazil 2,570,917 km², Fernando de Noronha 363,362 km², St Paul and St. Peter Archipelago 413,636 km², Trindade & Martim Vaz Isl. 468,599 km²}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left"|{{Flag|Brazil}} || 2,570,917
|-
| [[File:Bandeira de Fernando de Noronha.png|22px]] [[Fernando de Noronha]] || 363,362
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Pernambuco}} [[Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago|St. Paul and St. Peter Archipelago]] || 413,636
|-
| {{Flagdeco|Espírito Santo}} [[Trindade and Martin Vaz|Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands]] || 468,599
|-
| '''Total''' || '''3,830,955 '''
|}

In 2004, the country submitted its claims to the [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS)]] to extend its '''maritime continental margin'''.<ref>[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/bra04/bra_exec_sum.pdf UN Continental Shelf and UNCLOS Article 76: Brazilian Submission]</ref>

===Canada===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Canada}}
[[File:Canada Exclusive Economic Zone.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Canada's exclusive economic zone and territorial waters]]

Canada is unusual in that its exclusive economic zone, covering {{convert|5599077|km2|abbr=on}}, is slightly smaller than its territorial waters.<ref name="WHC">Wildlife Habitat Canada. [http://www.whc.org/documents/MarineAreasMapText.doc Canada's Marine Waters: Integrating the Boundaries of Politics and Nature] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221184319/http://whc.org/documents/MarineAreasMapText.doc |date=21 December 2005 }}.</ref> The latter generally extend only 12 nautical miles from the shore, but also include inland marine waters such as [[Hudson Bay]] (about {{convert|300|nmi}} across), the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]] and the internal waters of the [[Arctic archipelago]].

===Chile===
[[File:Territorial waters - Chile.svg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|Chile's exclusive economic zones, including Antarctic claim]]

Chile's EEZ includes areas around the [[Desventuradas Islands]], [[Easter Island]] and the [[Juan Fernández Islands]].

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; text-align:right"
|-
! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:left;" | Region
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | EEZ Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref>{{cite web |last=See Around Us Project |title=Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) |date=n.d. |url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez |accessdate=3 June 2015 |quote=EEZ waters of: Chile 1,975,760 km², Desventuradas Isl. 449,836 km², Easter Isl. 720,412 km², J. Fernandez, Felix and Ambrosio Isl. 502,524 km²}}</ref>
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Land area
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Total
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Mainland
| 1,975,760
| 755 757
| 2,731,517
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Desventuradas
| 449 836
|5
|449 841
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Easter
| 720 412
| 164
| 720 576
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Juan Fernandez
| 502 524
|100
|502 624
|-
| style="text-align:left"|'''Total'''
| '''3,648,532'''
| '''755 921'''
| '''4,404,453'''
|}

===China===
[[File:China Exclusive Economic Zones.png|thumb|left|upright=1.35|Exclusive economic zone claimed by the People's Republic of China:
{{legend|#dd12c2|China's undisputed EEZ – 877,019 km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#f080e1|EEZ claimed by China, disputed by [[Taiwan]]}}
{{legend|#f2d1ee|EEZ claimed by China, disputed by other countries – 3,000,000 km<sup>2</sup>}}
Total: 3,877,019 km<sup>2</sup>]]

{{clear}}

The first figure excludes all disputed waters, while the last figure indicates China's claimed boundaries, and does not take into account neighboring powers' claims.

===Croatia===
[[File:ZERP.jpg|thumb|none|Croatia's exclusive economic zone(dark blue) and [[Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone]]]]
'''Area:''' 59,032 km<sup>2</sup>

===Cyprus===
[[File:הגבול הימי של ישראל.svg|thumb|Exclusive economic zone between Israel and Cyprus as signed in [[Nicosia]]. (Labels in Hebrew.)]]

The Exclusive Economic Zone of [[Cyprus]] covers more than 70,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and is divided between 13 exploration blocks. The process of the establishment of Cyprus, Israel and Lebanon Exclusive Economic Zones was held in [[Nicosia]] in 2010 with separate meetings between each country.<ref>[http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/0/FE475A6A54F2F7B2C225757100257AD4?opendocument Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών – About us]. Cyprus.gov.cy. Retrieved 23 July 2013.</ref> Cyprus and Israel as part of their wider cooperation have agreed to start their gas explorations with a common American company, specifically [[Noble Energy]]. Cypriot and Israeli governments are discussing to export their natural gas through the shipping of compressed Natural Gas to [[Greece]] and then to the rest of Europe or through a subsea Pipelines starting from Israel and then leading to Greece via Cyprus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyprusgasconference.com/pdf/George%20Pamboridis.pdf|title=Cyprus Gas Conference: George Pamboritis|accessdate=29 December 2012}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/196.aspx EEZ Waters Of Cyprus]. Seaaroundus.org. Retrieved 23 July 2013.</ref>

===Denmark===
[[File:Territorial waters - Denmark.svg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|The exclusive economic zones and territorial waters of the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]]]]

The Kingdom of Denmark includes the constituent country (''selvstyre'') of [[Greenland]] and the constituent country (''hjemmestyre'') of the [[Faroe Islands]].

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; text-align:right"
|-
! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:left;" | Region
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | EEZ & TW Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="DKEEZ">[http://www.um.dk/da/menu/Udenrigspolitik/FredSikkerhedOgInternationalRetsorden/Folkeret/Havret/ Danish foreign ministry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123220949/http://www.um.dk/da/menu/Udenrigspolitik/FredSikkerhedOgInternationalRetsorden/Folkeret/Havret/ |date=23 November 2008 }}</ref>
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Land area
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Total
|-
| style="text-align:left"|{{Flag|Denmark}}
| 105 989
| 42 506
| 149 083
|-
| style="text-align:left"|{{Flag|Faroe Islands}}
| 260 995
| 1 399
| 262 394
|-
| style="text-align:left"|{{Flag|Greenland}}
| 2,184,254
| 2,166,086
| 4,350,340
|-
| style="text-align:left"|'''Total'''
| '''2,551,238'''
| '''2,210,579'''
| '''4,761,817'''
|}

===Ecuador===
[[File:Maritime Claims of Ecuador.svg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|Ecuador's exclusive economic zone]]
'''Area:''' 1,077,231 km<sup>2</sup>

===France===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of France}}
[[File:Territorial waters - France.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Exclusive economic zones of France, including Antarctic territorial claim]]

Due to its numerous [[overseas France|overseas departments and territories]] scattered on all oceans of the planet, France possesses the second largest EEZ in the world, covering 10.7 million &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Théobald|first=Marie|date=2018-07-14|title=Quelle puissance la France tire-t-elle de son espace maritime ?|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/economie/le-scan-eco/2018/07/14/29001-20180714ARTFIG00009-quelle-puissance-la-france-tire-t-elle-de-son-espace-maritime.php|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Le Figaro.fr|language=fr}}</ref> The EEZ of France covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of Earth.

===Greece===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Greece}}

[[File:Greece-Exclusive-Economic-Zone.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Exclusive Economic Zone of Greece]]

[[Greece]] has claimed an EEZ of {{convert|505,572|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}  as per UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law.<ref name="searoundus"/><ref>[http://www.hellasfrappe.blogspot.com.es/2013/02/indirect-proclamation-of-eez-greece.html Indirect Proclamation of EEZ – Greece Gives Coordinates Of Continental Shelf To UN ~ HellasFrappe]. Hellasfrappe.blogspot.com.es (21 February 2013). Retrieved 23 July 2013.</ref> Turkey doesn't recognize a legal continental shelf and EEZ around the Greek islands.

===Germany===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Germany}}

===India===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of India}}
[[File:Territorial waters - India.svg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|[[India]]'s exclusive economic zones]]

{| class="wikitable"
! EEZ !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| [[Mainland India]] and [[Lakshadweep]]
| 1,641,514&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| 663,629&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| Total
| 2,305,143&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
|}

India is currently seeking to extend its EEZ to 350 miles.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-hopes-to-double-its-eez/article2096905.ece |title=India hopes to double its EEZ |first=P. |last=Sunderarajan |newspaper=The Hindu |accessdate=1 April 2017|date=12 June 2011 }}</ref>

===Indonesia===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia}}

[[File:Indonesia-Exclusive-Economic-Zone.png|thumb|right|upright=1.35|[[Indonesia]]'s exclusive economic zone]]

Indonesia has the 6th largest exclusive economic zone in the world. The total size is {{convert|6159032|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. This is due to the 13,466 islands of the [[list of islands of Indonesia|Indonesian archipelago]].<ref name="NG-Indonesia-Island">{{cite news|  title = Hanya ada 13.466 Pulau di Indonesia| date = 8 February 2012 | work = National Geographic Indonesia |url=https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13281675/hanya-ada-13466-pulau-di-indonesia | language=Indonesian}}</ref> It has the [[List of countries by length of coastline|2nd largest coastline]] of 54,720 km (34,000 mi). The five main islands are: [[Sumatra]], [[Java]], [[Borneo]], [[Sulawesi]], and [[Western New Guinea]]. There are two major island groups ([[Nusa Tenggara]] and the [[Maluku Islands]]) and sixty smaller island groups.

===Israel===
In 2010, an agreement was signed with [[Cyprus]] concerning the limit of territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime halfway point, a clarification essential for safeguarding Israel's rights to oil and underwater gas reservoirs. The agreement was signed in Nicosia by Israeli Infrastructure Minister [[Uzi Landau]] and the Cypriot Foreign Minister Markos Kyprianou. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources discovered, and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources.

===Japan===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Japan}}

[[File:Japan Exclusive Economic Zones.png|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Japan's exclusive economic zones:{{legend|#dd12c2|Japan's EEZ}}{{legend|#f080e1|Joint regime with Republic of Korea}}{{legend|#f2d1ee|EEZ claimed by Japan, disputed by others}}]]

Japan has the 8th largest exclusive economic zone of {{convert|4479674|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://nippon.zaidan.info/seikabutsu/2003/00163/contents/0006.htm|title=海洋白書 2004| publisher=Nippon Foundation| accessdate=11 February 2008}}</ref> It claims an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores.

{| class="wikitable"
! EEZ !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| [[Minami-Tori-shima]] || 428,875
|-
| [[Nanpō Islands]] || 862,782
|-
| Pacific Ocean (Japan) || 1,162,334
|-
| [[Ryukyu Islands]] || 1,394,676
|-
| [[Sea of Japan]] || 630,721
|-
| [[Daito Islands]] || 44
|-
| [[Senkaku Islands]] || 7
|-
| [[Sea of Okhotsk]] || 235
|-
| '''Total'''<ref>including areas recommended by {{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/clcs_home.htm|title=CLCS}}</ref> || '''4,479,674'''
|}

Japan has disputes over its EEZ boundaries with all its Asian neighbors (Russia, [[Republic of Korea]], China and [[Taiwan]]). The above, and relevant maps at the Sea Around Us Project<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?EEZ=392 Japan (main islands)] The Sea Around Us Project</ref><ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?EEZ=393 Japan (outer islands)] The Sea Around Us Project</ref> both indicate Japan's claimed boundaries, and do not take into account neighboring powers' claims.

Japan also refers to various categories of "shipping area" – Smooth Water Area, Coasting Area, Major or Greater Coasting Area, Ocean Going Area – but it is unclear whether these are intended to have any territorial or economic implications.

===Malaysia===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia}}

===Mexico===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Mexico}}
[[File:Territorial waters - Mexico.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Exclusive economic zone of Mexico]]
Mexico's exclusive economic zones comprise a total surface area of 3,144,295&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, and places Mexico among the countries with the largest areas in the world.<ref>[http://www.investinmexico.com.mx/wb/Promexico/geographic_location Geographic location]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This puts Mexico's total territory as 5,153,735&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.

===New Zealand===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand}}
[[File:Territorial waters - New Zealand.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Exclusive economic zones of the [[Realm of New Zealand]], including the [[Ross Dependency]] (shaded)]]
New Zealand's EEZ covers {{convert|4083744|km2|abbr=on}},<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?EEZ=554# New Zealand] Sea Around Us Project</ref><ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?EEZ=554A Kermadec Islands (New Zealand)] The Sea Around Us Project</ref> which is approximately fifteen times the land area of the country. Sources vary significantly on the size of New Zealand's EEZ; for example, a recent government publication gave the area as roughly 4,300,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="NZME">New Zealand Ministry for the Environment (2007). [http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/oceans/nz-exclusive-economic-zone-discussion-paper-aug07/html/page4.html Improving Regulation of Environmental Effects in New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone: Discussion Paper – Introduction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207174012/http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/oceans/nz-exclusive-economic-zone-discussion-paper-aug07/html/page4.html|date=7 February 2012}}. Published August 2007, Publication number ME824. {{Listed Invalid ISBN|0-978-478-30160-1}}<!-- This is the ISBN for the online version printed in the publication. It would be a valid ISBN if the first two ranges were reversed (i.e 978-0...). --> Accessed 2006-01-07.</ref> These figures are for the EEZ of New Zealand proper, and do not include the EEZs of other territories in the [[Realm of New Zealand]] (Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands and the Ross Dependency).

===North Korea===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of North Korea}}
[[File:Exclusive economic zone of North Korea.png|thumb|right|upright=1.35|The exclusive economic zone of [[North Korea]]]]

The exclusive economic zone of [[North Korea]] stretches 200 [[nautical mile]]s from its basepoints in both the [[Yellow Sea|West Sea]] (Yellow Sea) and the [[Sea of Japan]].{{sfn|Prescott|Schofield|2001|p=25}} The EEZ was declared in 1977 after North Korea had contested the validity of the [[Northern Limit Line]]s (NLL) set up after the [[Korean War]] as maritime borders.{{sfn|Kim|2017|p=20}} The EEZ has not been codified in law and North Korea has never specified its coordinates, making it difficult to determine its specific scope.{{sfn|Kim|2017|pp=20, 71–72}}

In the West Sea, the EEZ remains unspecified in the [[Korea Bay]] because China has not determined its own EEZ in the area.{{sfn|Kim|2017|p=77}} The border between the North Korean and South Korean EEZs in the West Sea cannot be determined because of potential overlap and disputes over certain islands.{{sfn|Kotch|Abbey|2003|p=179}}

In the Sea of Japan, the North Korean EEZ can be approximated to be [[trapezoid]]al-shaped.{{sfn|Van Dyke|2009|p=42}} The border between North Korea and Russia's respective EEZs is the only such border that has been determined in East Asia.{{sfn|Kim|2017|p=51}} Here, the EEZ does not cause many problems, even with regards to South Korea, because the sea is not thought to be rich in resources.{{sfn|Van Dyke|2009|p=42}}

===Norway===
[[File:Territorial waters - Norway.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|[[Norway]]'s exclusive economic zones, including [[dependencies of Norway|dependency]] [[Bouvet Island]]]]
Norway has a large exclusive economic zone of 819 620&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> around its coast. The country has a fishing zone of 1,878,953&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, including fishing zones around [[Svalbard]] and [[Jan Mayen]].<ref>[http://www.ssb.no/aarbok/kart/i.html Statistisk årbok 2007] Accessed January 2008</ref>

In April 2009, the United Nations Commission for the Limits of the Continental Shelf approved Norway's claim to an additional 235,000 square kilometres of continental shelf. The commission found that Norway and Russia both had valid claims over a portion of shelf in the Barents Sea.<ref>[http://www2.canada.com/technology/environment/backs+norway+claim+arctic+seabed+extension/1499675/story.html?id=1499675 UN backs Norway claim to Arctic seabed extension] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211143937/http://www.canada.com/technology/environment/backs+Norway+claim+Arctic+seabed+extension/1499675/story.html?id=1499675 |date=11 December 2009 }}, Canwest News Service, 15 April 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009.</ref>

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; text-align:right"
|-
! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:left;" | Region
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | EEZ & TW Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Land area
! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Total
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Mainland
| 1,273,482
| 323 802
| 1,597,284
|-
| style="text-align:left"|[[Svalbard]]
| 402 574
| 61 002
| 463 576
|-
| style="text-align:left"|[[Jan Mayen]]
| 273 118
| 373
| 273 491
|-
| style="text-align:left"|[[Bouvet Island]]
| 436 004
| 49
| 436 053
|-
| style="text-align:left"|'''Total'''
| '''2,385,178'''
| '''385 226'''
| '''2,770,404'''
|}

===Peru===
[[File:Maritime Claims of Peru.svg|thumb|none|Peru's exclusive economic zone]]
'''Area:''' 906,454 km<sup>2</sup>

===Philippines===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of the Philippines}}

[[File:Ph Territorial Map.png|thumb|none|upright=1.1|The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines shown in the lighter blue shade, with Archepelagic Waters in the darkest blue]]
The [[Philippines]]' EEZ covers {{convert|2263816|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?eez=608# Exclusive Economic Zones] – Sea Around Us Project – Fisheries, Ecosystems & Biodiversity – Data and Visualization.</ref>

===Poland===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Poland}}
The Polish EEZ covers the area of {{convert|30533|km2|abbr=on}} within the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name=emsagg>{{cite web |url=http://www.ciria.org.uk/emsagg/pdf/suscinowicz_polish_sand_gravel.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040323200612/http://www.ciria.org.uk/emsagg/pdf/suscinowicz_polish_sand_gravel.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2004 |title=404 |first=Advanced Solutions International |last=Inc. |accessdate=1 April 2017 }}</ref>

===Portugal===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Portugal}}
[[File:Portugal EEZ.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.35|[[Portugal]]'s Exclusive Economic Zones plus submitted Extended Continental Shelf to the UN<ref>[http://www.emepc.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=12&lang=en Task Group for the Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218060843/http://www.emepc.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=12&lang=en |date=18 December 2009 }}</ref>]]
Portugal has the [[Exclusive Economic Zone#Rankings by area|20th largest EEZ]] in the world. Presently, it is divided in three non-contiguous sub-zones:
* [[Continental Portugal]] 327,667&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
* [[Azores]] 953,633&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
* [[Madeira]] 446,108&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
* Total : 1,727,408&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
[[Portugal]] submitted a claim to extend its jurisdiction over additional 2.15&nbsp;million square kilometers of the neighboring continental shelf in May 2009,<ref>[https://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/prt44_09/prt2009executivesummary.pdf Portugal applies to UN to Extend Its Continental Shelf Zone]. Retrieved 3 July 2011</ref> resulting in an area with a total of more than 3,877,408&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The submission, as well as a detailed map, can be found in the Task Group for the extension of the Continental Shelf website.

Spain disputes the EEZ's southern border, maintaining that it should be drawn halfway between [[Madeira]] and the [[Canary Islands]]. But Portugal exercises sovereignty over the [[Savage Islands]], a small archipelago north of the Canaries, claiming an EEZ border further south. Spain objects, arguing that the Savage Islands do not have a separate continental shelf,<ref>[http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Elcano_es/Zonas_es/Europa/DT34-2004 Lacleta Muñoz, José Manuel: "Las fronteras de España en el mar". Documentos de trabajo 34-2004, ''Real Instituto Elcano'']</ref> citing article 121 of the [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part8.htm |title=PREAMBLE TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA |accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref>

===Romania===
[[File:Rom.territ-waters.jpg|thumb|none|Romania's exclusive economic zone]]
'''Area:''' 23,627 km<sup>2</sup>

===Russia===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Russia}}
[[File:Territorial waters - Russia.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Russia's exclusive economic zone]]

* Kaliningrad (Baltic Sea) – 11,634 km<sup>2</sup>
* Saint Petersburg (Baltic Sea) – 12,759 km<sup>2</sup>
* Barents Sea – 1,308,140 km<sup>2</sup>
* Black Sea (without the Crimean EEZ) – 66,854 km<sup>2</sup>
* Pacific – 3,419,202 km<sup>2</sup>
* Siberia – 3,277,292 km<sup>2</sup>
* Total – 8,095,881 km<sup>2</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://saup.fisheries.ubc.ca/eez/eez.aspx# |title=Sea Around Us Project – Data and Visualization |accessdate=1 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427022538/http://saup.fisheries.ubc.ca/eez/eez.aspx |archivedate=27 April 2006 }}</ref>

===Senegal===
[[File:ZEE Sénégal (zone économique exclusive).jpg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|[[Senegal]]'s exclusive economic zone]]
'''Area:''' 158,861 km<sup>2</sup>

===Somalia===
{{main|Exclusive economic zone of Somalia}}
[[File:Territorial Waters of Somalia.svg|thumb|none|upright=1.35|[[Somalia]]'s exclusive economic zone]]
'''Area:''' 825,052&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>

===South Africa===
[[File:Maritime zones of South Africa.svg|thumb|none|South Africa's maritime zones, including the exclusive economic zone]]

South Africa's EEZ includes both that next to the African mainland and that around the [[Prince Edward Islands]], totalling 1,535,538 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="searoundus" />

* Mainland – 1,068,659 km<sup>2</sup>
* Prince Edward islands – 466,879 km<sup>2</sup>

===South Korea===
{{See also|Syngman Rhee Line}}
[[File:Koreez.PNG|thumb|none|upright=1.35|South Korean exclusive economic zone:{{legend|#0000ff|Korean EEZ}}{{legend|#817ffe|EEZ claimed by Republic of Korea and Japan}}{{legend|#0080ff|Joint regime with Japan}}]]
'''Area:''' 300,851 (225,214) km<sup>2</sup>
{{Clear left}}

===Spain===
{{main|Exclusive economic zone of Spain}}
[[File:Zee spain.png|thumb|none|upright=1.35|Spain's exclusive economic zone]]
'''Area:''' 1,039,233 km<sup>2</sup>

===Thailand===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Thailand}}

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of the United Kingdom}}

[[File:Territorial waters - United Kingdom.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|The exclusive economic zones of the United Kingdom in blue, including the [[British Overseas Territories]] and the [[Crown dependencies]]. The British claim in Antarctica is shown in shaded blue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |author=10 Downing Street |accessdate=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416083521/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archivedate=16 April 2010 |author-link=10 Downing Street }}</ref>]]
[[File:Rockall_EEZ_topographic_map-en.svg|thumb|UK, Ireland, Iceland & Faroes EEZ]]

The United Kingdom has the [[#Rankings by area|fifth largest]] exclusive economic zone of {{convert|6805586|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} square km. It comprises the EEZs surrounding the United Kingdom,<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/3161/contents/made "The Exclusive Economic Zone Order 2013"] at Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2014.</ref> the [[Crown dependencies]], and the [[British Overseas Territories]]. The figure does not include the EEZ of the ''[[British Antarctic Territory]]''. 

The EEZ associated with the [[Falkland Islands]] and [[South Georgia Island|South Georgia]] are disputed by [[Argentina]]. The EEZ of the [[Chagos Archipelago]], also known as the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]], is also disputed with [[Mauritius]] which considers the archipelago as a part of its territory.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The EEZ areas of the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and British Overseas Territories (in decreasing size)<ref name="searoundus">{{cite web |url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez.aspx |title=Sea Around Us – Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity |accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
! Territory
! EEZ Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! EEZ Area (sq mi)
! Notes
|-
| {{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
| {{convert|1449532|sqkm|disp=table}}
| [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute|Disputed]] with {{Flag|Argentina}}.
|-
| {{Flag|Pitcairn Islands|name=Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands}}
| {{convert|836108|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
| {{convert|773676|sqkm|disp=table}}
| Including the {{Flag|Isle of Man}} and {{Flagdeco|Scotland}} [[Rockall]].
|-
| {{Flag|Tristan da Cunha}}<sup>†</sup>
| {{convert|754720|sqkm|disp=table}}
| Including {{Flagdeco|Tristan da Cunha}} [[Gough Island]].
|-
| {{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
| {{convert|638568|sqkm|disp=table}}
| [[Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute|Disputed]] with {{Flag|Mauritius}}.
|-
| {{Flag|Falkland Islands}}
| {{convert|550872|sqkm|disp=table}}
| [[Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute|Disputed]] with {{Flag|Argentina}}.
|-
| {{Flag|Bermuda}}
| {{convert|450370|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Saint Helena}}<sup>†</sup>
| {{convert|444916|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Ascension Island}}<sup>†</sup>
| {{convert|441658|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}}
| {{convert|154068|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Cayman Islands}}
| {{convert|119137|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Anguilla}}
| {{convert|92178|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|British Virgin Islands}}
| {{convert|80117|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[Channel Islands]]
| {{convert|11658|sqkm|disp=table}}
| Including {{Flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}} and {{Flag|Jersey}}.
|-
| {{Flag|Montserrat}}
| {{convert|7582|sqkm|disp=table}}
|
|-
| {{Flag|Gibraltar}}
| {{convert|426|sqkm|disp=table}}
| [[Status of Gibraltar#Territorial waters|Disputed]] with {{Flag|Spain}}.
|-
| {{Flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia|name=Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia}}
| {{convert|0|sqkm|disp=table}}
| No EEZ area. The relevant EEZ areas around [[geography of Cyprus|Cyprus Island]] are claimed by the {{Flag|Cyprus|name=Republic of Cyprus}}<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/198?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ area of the Republic of Cyprus]</ref> and {{Flag|Northern Cyprus}}<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/197?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ area of Northern Cyprus]</ref>.
|-
! Total
! 6,805,586
! 2,627,651
!
|}

<sup>†</sup> A part of the overseas territory of {{Flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}, which together has an EEZ of 1,641,294 square km.

=== United States ===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of the United States}}

[[File:US.EEZ_Pacific_centered_NOAA_map.png|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Exclusive Economic Zone map]]

The United States' exclusive economic zone is the largest in the world, covering 11,351,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Areas of its EEZ are located in three oceans, the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and the [[Caribbean Sea]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The EEZ (including [[Territorial waters#Territorial sea|territorial sea]]) areas of the [[territories of the United States|territories of the U.S.]] (in decreasing size)<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/ Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102024111/http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/ |date=2 January 2014 }}. Seaaroundus.org. Retrieved 23 July 2013.</ref>
|-
! Territory
! EEZ Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! EEZ Area (sq mi)
! Notes
|-
| {{Flag|Alaska}}
| {{convert|3770021|sqkm|disp=table}}
| A non-contiguous state in the northwest extremity of the North American continent.
|-
| {{Flag|Hawaii}} – [[Northwestern Hawaiian Islands|Northwestern Islands]]
| {{convert|1579538|sqkm|disp=table}}
| Including {{Flag|Midway Atoll|local}}, these islands form the Leeward Islands of the Hawaiian island chain.
|-
| {{Flagdeco|United States}} [[East Coast of the United States|U.S. East Coast]]
| {{convert|915763|sqkm|disp=table}}
| The mainland coastal states of the [[Eastern United States]].
|-
| {{Flag|Hawaii}} – [[Hawaiian Islands#Main islands|Southeastern Islands]]
| {{convert|895346|sqkm|disp=table}}
| These islands form the Windward Islands of the Hawaiian island chain.
|-
| {{Flagdeco|United States}} [[West Coast of the United States|U.S. West Coast]]
| {{convert|825549|sqkm|disp=table}}
| The mainland coastal states of the [[Western United States]].
|-
| {{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}
| {{convert|749268|sqkm|disp=table}}
| An organized [[unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated]] [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of the United States.
|-
| {{Flagdeco|United States}} [[Gulf Coast of the United States|U.S. Gulf Coast]]
| {{convert|707832|sqkm|disp=table}}
| The mainland coastal states of the [[Southern United States]].
|-
| {{Flag|Johnston Atoll|local}}
| {{convert|442635|sqkm|disp=table}}
| A [[National Wildlife Refuge]] in the [[United States Minor Outlying Islands|U.S. Minor Outlying Islands]].
|-
| {{Flagdeco|United States}} [[Howland and Baker Islands]]
| {{convert|434921|sqkm|disp=table}}
| Including {{Flag|Howland Island}} and {{Flag|Baker Island}}, both territories are National Wildlife Refuges in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
|-
| {{Flag|Wake Island|local}}
| {{convert|407241|sqkm|disp=table}}
| A National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
|-
| {{Flag|American Samoa}}
| {{convert|404391|sqkm|disp=table}}
| The only inhabited [[unorganized territory|unorganized]] [[unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated]] [[dependent territory|territory]] of the United States.
|-
| {{Flag|Palmyra Atoll|local}} and [[File:Unofficial flag of Kingman reef.svg|23px]] [[Kingman Reef]]
| {{convert|352300|sqkm|disp=table}}
| Both territories are National Wildlife Refuges in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
|-
| {{Flag|Jarvis Island}}
| {{convert|316665|sqkm|disp=table}}
| A National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
|-
| {{Flag|Guam}}
| {{convert|221504|sqkm|disp=table}}
| An organized [[unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated]] [[dependent territory|territory]] of the United States.
|-
| {{Flag|Puerto Rico}}
| {{convert|177685|sqkm|disp=table}}
| An organized [[unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated]] [[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of the United States.
|-
| {{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}
| {{convert|33744|sqkm|disp=table}}
| An organized [[unincorporated territories of the United States|unincorporated]] [[dependent territory|territory]] of the United States.
|-
| {{Flag|Navassa Island|local}}
| N/A{{NoteTag|The source does not provide any data for [[Navassa Island]]<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/332?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ area of Haiti]</ref><ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/388?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ area of Jamaica]</ref> even though the [[federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] did claim an EEZ area for this [[territorial dispute|disputed territory]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/283.html#BQ MARITIME CLAIMS – Navassa Island]</ref>|name="Navassa Island"}}
| N/A{{NoteTag|name="Navassa Island"}}
| A National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
|-
! Total
! 11,351,000
! 4,383,000
!
|}

===Vietnam===
{{Main|Exclusive economic zone of Vietnam}}
[[File:South China Sea claims map.jpg|thumb|none|Territorial claims in the South China Sea. Vietnam's EEZ has a blue line.]]

[[Vietnam]] has an exclusive economic zone of {{convert|417663|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It includes the [[Paracel Islands]] and the [[Spratly Islands]]. It has disputes mainly with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] due to the [[nine-dash line]].

==Rankings by area==
This list includes [[dependent territory|dependent territories]] (including uninhabited territories) within their [[list of sovereign states|sovereign states]], but does not include [[territorial claims in Antarctica|various claims]] on [[Antarctica]]. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus [[list of countries and dependencies by area|total internal area]] (TIA) which includes [[land|territorial land]] and [[internal waters]].

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Rank
! Country
! EEZ km<sup>2</sup><ref name="searoundus" />
! Shelf km<sup>2</sup>
! EEZ+TIA km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| 1 || {{Flag|United States}}{{NoteTag|Including [[Palmyra Atoll]] and 12 [[unincorporated territories of the United States]]. The source does not provide any data for [[Navassa Island]].}} || 11,351,000 || 2,193,526 || 21,814,306
|-
| 2 || {{Flag|France}}{{NoteTag|Comprising [[Metropolitan France]] and [[Overseas France]].}} || 10,700,000 || 579,422 || 12,366,417
|-
| 3 || {{Flag|Australia}}{{NoteTag|Including 6 [[states and territories of Australia|Australian external territories]].}} || 8,505,348 || 2,194,008 || 16,197,464
|-
| 4 || {{Flag|Russia}} || 7,566,673 || 3,817,843 || 24,664,915
|-
| 5 || {{Flagdeco|United Kingdom}} [[The Crown|United Kingdom]]{{NoteTag|Comprising the [[United Kingdom]], 3 [[Crown dependencies]] and 12 [[British Overseas Territories]]. The source does not provide any data for the [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia]].}} || 6,805,586 || 872,891 || 7,048,486
|-
| 6 || {{Flag|Indonesia}} || 6,159,032 || 2,039,381 || 8,063,601
|-
| 7 || {{Flag|Canada}} || 5,599,077 || 2,644,795 || 15,607,077
|-
| 8 || {{Flag|Japan}} || 4,479,388 || 214,976 || 4,857,318
|-
| 9 || {{Flagdeco|New Zealand}} [[Realm of New Zealand|New Zealand]]{{NoteTag|Comprising [[New Zealand|New Zealand proper]] and [[Tokelau]]. The [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]] are listed separately due to their [[List of treaties by number of parties#List of treaties by number of parties|full treaty-making capacities]] within the [[United Nations System]].}} || 4,420,565<ref name="NZL 01">[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/554?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ and shelf areas of New Zealand (mainland)]</ref><ref name="NZL 02">[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/555?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ and shelf areas of New Zealand (Kermadec Islands)]</ref><ref name="NZL 03">[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/772?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ and shelf areas of Tokelau]</ref> || 272,898<ref name="NZL 01"/><ref name="NZL 02"/><ref name="NZL 03"/> || 4,688,285<ref>[http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=NZL FAO Country Profiles: New Zealand]</ref><ref>[http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=TKL FAO Country Profiles: Tokelau]</ref>
|-
| 10 || {{Flag|Brazil}} || 3,830,955 || 774,563 || 12,345,832
|-
| 11 || {{Flag|Chile}} || 3,681,989 || 252,947 || 4,431,381
|-
| 12 || {{Flag|Kiribati}} || 3,441,810 || 7,523 || 3,442,536
|-
| 13 || {{Flag|Mexico}} || 3,269,386 || 419,102 || 5,141,968
|-
| 14 || {{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}} || 2,996,419 || 19,403 || 2,997,121
|-
| 15 || {{Flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Danish Realm|Denmark]]{{NoteTag|Comprising [[Denmark|Denmark proper]], the [[Faroe Islands]], and [[Greenland]].}} || 2,551,238 || 495,657 || 4,761,811
|-
| 16 || {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} || 2,402,288 || 191,256 || 2,865,128
|-
| 17 || {{Flag|Norway}}{{NoteTag|Including [[Bouvet Island]], [[Jan Mayen]], and [[Svalbard]].}} || 2,385,178 || 434,020 || 2,770,404
|-
| 18 || {{Flag|India}} || 2,305,143 || 402,996 || 5,592,406
|-
| 19 || {{Flag|Marshall Islands}} || 1,990,530 || 18,411 || 1,990,711
|-
| –  || ''{{Flag|Cook Islands}}''{{NoteTag|A part of the [[Realm of New Zealand]], listed separately due to its [[List of treaties by number of parties#List of treaties by number of parties|full treaty-making capacity]] within the [[United Nations System]].|name="RNZ"}} || 1,960,027 || 1,213 || 1,960,267
|-
| 20 || {{Flag|Portugal}}{{NoteTag|Comprising [[Continental Portugal]], the [[Azores]], and [[Madeira]].}} || 1,727,408 || 28,000 || 1,819,498
|-
| 21 || {{Flag|Philippines}} || 1,590,780 || 272,921 || 1,890,780
|-
| 22 || {{Flag|Solomon Islands}} || 1,589,477 || 36,282 || 1,618,373
|-
| 23 || {{Flag|South Africa}} || 1,535,538 || 156,337 || 2,756,575
|-
| 24 || {{Flag|Seychelles}} || 1,336,559 || 39,063 || 1,337,014
|-
| 25 || {{Flag|Mauritius}} || 1,284,997 || 29,061 || 1,287,037
|-
| 26 || {{Flag|Fiji}} || 1,282,978 || 47,705 || 1,301,250
|-
| 27 || {{Flag|Madagascar}} || 1,225,259 || 101,505 || 1,812,300
|-
| 28 || {{Flag|Argentina}} || 1,159,063 || 856,346 || 3,939,463<ref name="Stat2016">If the claimed ''[[Argentine Antarctica]]'' and its associated EEZ area are included, the total internal area of [[Argentina]] plus its EEZ area reaches 6,581,500 km<sup>2</sup>.</ref>
|-
| 29 || {{Flag|Ecuador}} || 1,077,231 || 41,034 || 1,333,600
|-
| 30 || {{Flag|Spain}}{{NoteTag|Including the [[Canary Islands]], [[Ceuta]], [[Melilla]], and the [[plazas de soberanía]].}} || 1,039,233 || 77,920 || 1,545,225
|-
| 31 || {{Flag|Maldives}} || 923,322 || 34,538 || 923,622
|-
| 32 || {{Flag|Peru}} || 906,454 || 82,000 || 2,191,670
|-
| 33 || {{Flag|China}} || 877,019 || 231,340 || 10,473,980
|-
| 34 || {{Flag|Somalia}} || 825,052 || 55,895 || 1,462,709
|-
| 35 || {{Flag|Colombia}} || 808,158 || 53,691 || 1,949,906
|-
| 36 || {{Flag|Cape Verde}} || 800,561 || 5,591 || 804,594
|-
| 37 || {{Flag|Iceland}} || 751,345 || 108,015 || 854,345
|-
| 38 || {{Flag|Tuvalu}} || 749,790 || 3,575 || 749,816
|-
| 39 || {{Flag|Vanuatu}} || 663,251 || 11,483 || 675,440
|-
| 40 || {{Flag|Tonga}} || 659,558 || 8,517 || 660,305
|-
| 41 || {{Flag|Bahamas}} || 654,715 || 106,323 || 668,658
|-
| 42 || {{Flag|Palau}} || 603,978 || 2,837 || 604,437
|-
| 43 || {{Flag|Mozambique}} || 578,986 || 94,212 || 1,380,576
|-
| 44 || {{Flag|Morocco}} || 575,230 || 115,157 || 1,287,780
|-
| 45 || {{Flag|Costa Rica}} || 574,725 || 19,585 || 625,825
|-
| 46 || {{Flag|Namibia}} || 564,748 || 86,698 || 1,388,864
|-
| 47 || {{Flag|Yemen}} || 552,669 || 59,229 || 1,080,637
|-
| 48 || {{Flag|Italy}} || 541,915 || 116,834 || 843,251
|-
| 49 || {{Flag|Oman}} || 533,180 || 59,071 || 842,680
|-
| 50 || {{Flag|Myanmar}} || 532,775 || 220,332 || 1,209,353
|-
| 51 || {{Flag|Sri Lanka}} || 532,619 || 32,453 || 598,229
|-
| 52 || {{Flag|Angola}} || 518,433 || 48,092 || 1,765,133
|-
| 53 || {{Flag|Greece}} || 505,572 || 81,451 || 637,529
|-
| 54 || {{Flag|South Korea}} || 475,469 || 342,522 || 575,469
|-
| 55 || {{Flag|Venezuela}} || 471,507 || 98,500 || 1,387,950
|-
| 56 || {{Flag|Vietnam}} || 417,663 || 365,198 || 748,875
|-
| 57 || {{Flag|Ireland}} || 410,310 || 139,935 || 480,583
|-
| 58 || {{Flag|Libya}} || 351,589 || 64,763 || 2,111,129
|-
| 59 || {{Flag|Cuba}} || 350,751 || 61,525 || 460,637
|-
| 60 || {{Flag|Panama}} || 335,646 || 53,404 || 411,163
|-
| 61 || {{Flag|Malaysia}} || 334,671 || 323,412 || 665,474
|-
| –  || ''{{Flag|Niue}}''{{NoteTag|name="RNZ"}} || 316,584 || 284 || 316,844
|-
| 62 || {{Flag|Nauru}} || 308,480 || 41 || 308,501
|-
| 63 || {{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || 303,509 || 7,820 || 331,560
|-
| 64 || {{Flag|Thailand}} || 299,397 || 230,063 || 812,517
|-
| 65 || {{Flag|Pakistan}} || 290,000 || 51,383 || 1,117,911
|-
| 66 || {{Flag|Egypt}} || 263,451 || 61,591 || 1,265,451
|-
| 67 || {{Flag|Turkey}} || 261,654 || 56,093 || 1,045,216
|-
| 68 || {{Flag|Jamaica}} || 258,137 || 9,802 || 269,128
|-
| 69 || {{Flag|Dominican Republic}} || 255,898 || 10,738 || 304,569
|-
| 70 || {{Flag|Liberia}} || 249,734 || 17,715 || 361,103
|-
| 71 || {{Flag|Honduras}} || 249,542 || 68,718 || 362,034
|-
| 72 || {{Flag|Tanzania}} || 241,888 || 25,611 || 1,186,975
|-
| 73 || {{Flag|Ghana}} || 235,349 || 22,502 || 473,888
|-
| 74 || {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} || 228,633 || 107,249 || 2,378,323
|-
| 75 || {{Flag|Nigeria}} || 217,313 || 42,285 || 1,141,081
|-
| 76 || {{Flag|Sierra Leone}} || 215,611 || 28,625 || 287,351
|-
| 77 || {{Flag|Gabon}} || 202,790 || 35,020 || 470,458
|-
| 78 || {{Flag|Barbados}} || 186,898 || 426 || 187,328
|-
| 79 || {{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} || 176,254 || 10,175 || 498,717
|-
| 80 || {{Flag|Iran}} || 168,718 || 118,693 || 1,797,468
|-
| 81 || {{Flag|Mauritania}} || 165,338 || 31,662 || 1,190,858
|-
| 82 || {{Flag|Comoros}} || 163,752 || 1,526 || 165,987
|-
| 83 || {{Flag|Sweden}} || 160,885 || 154,604 || 602,255
|-
| 84 || {{Flag|Senegal}} || 158,861 || 23,092 || 355,583
|-
| 85 || {{Flagdeco|Netherlands}} [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]]{{NoteTag|Comprising the [[Netherlands|European Netherlands]] and the [[Dutch Caribbean]].}} || 154,011 || 77,246 || 192,345
|-
| 86 || {{Flag|Ukraine}} || 147,318 || 79,142 || 750,818
|-
| 87 || {{Flag|Uruguay}} || 142,166 || 75,327 || 318,381
|-
| 88 || {{Flag|Guyana}} || 137,765 || 50,578 || 352,734
|-
| 89 || {{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 131,397 || 1,902 || 132,361
|-
| 90 || {{Flag|Samoa}} || 127,950 || 2,087 || 130,781
|-
| 91 || {{Flag|Suriname}} || 127,772 || 53,631 || 291,592
|-
| 92 || {{Flag|Haiti}} || 126,760 || 6,683 || 154,510
|-
| 93 || {{Flag|Algeria}} || 126,353 || 9,985 || 2,508,094
|-
| 94 || {{Flag|Nicaragua}} || 123,881 || 70,874 || 254,254
|-
| 95 || {{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || 123,725 || 39,339 || 159,850
|-
| 96 || {{Flag|Kenya}} || 116,942 || 11,073 || 697,309
|-
| 97 || {{Flag|Guatemala}} || 114,170 || 14,422 || 223,059
|-
| 98 || {{Flag|North Korea}} || 113,888<ref name="PRK 01">[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/973?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ and shelf areas of North Korea (Yellow Sea)]</ref><ref name="PRK 02">[http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/974?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10 EEZ and shelf areas of North Korea (Sea of Japan)]</ref> || 50,337<ref name="PRK 01"/><ref name="PRK 02"/> || 234,428<ref>[http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?lang=en&iso3=PRK&subj=6 FAO Country Profiles: Democratic People's Republic of Korea]</ref>
|-
| 99 || {{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} || 110,089 || 4,128 || 110,531
|-
| 100 || {{Flag|Tunisia}} || 101,857 || 67,126 || 265,467
|-
| 101 || {{Flag|Cyprus}} || 98,707 || 4,042 || 107,958
|-
| 102 || {{Flag|El Salvador}} || 90,962 || 16,852 || 112,003
|-
| 103 || {{Flag|Finland}}{{NoteTag|Including the [[Åland Islands]].}} || 87,171 || 85,109 || 425,590
|-
| 104 || {{Flag|Bangladesh}} || 86,392 || 66,438 || 230,390
|-
| 105 || {{Flag|Republic of China}} (Taiwan) || 83,231 || 43,016 || 119,419
|-
| 106 || {{Flag|Eritrea}} || 77,728 || 61,817 || 195,328
|-
| 107 || {{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 74,199 || 25,284 || 79,329
|-
| 108 || {{Flag|East Timor}} || 70,326 || 25,648 || 85,200
|-
| 109 || {{Flag|Sudan}} || 68,148 || 19,827 || 1,954,216
|-
| 110 || {{Flag|Cambodia}} || 62,515 || 62,515 || 243,550
|-
| 111 || {{Flag|Guinea}} || 59,426 || 44,755 || 305,283
|-
| 112 || {{Flag|Croatia}} || 59,032 || 50,277 || 115,626
|-
| 113 || {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 58,218 || 57,474 || 141,818
|-
| 114 || {{Flag|Germany}} || 57,485 || 57,485 || 414,599
|-
| 115 || {{Flag|Malta}} || 54,823 || 5,301 || 55,139
|-
| 116 || {{Flag|Estonia}} || 36,992 || 36,992 || 82,219
|-
| 117 || {{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || 36,302 || 1,561 || 36,691
|-
| 118 || {{Flag|Belize}} || 35,351 || 13,178 || 58,317
|-
| 119 || {{Flag|Bulgaria}} || 34,307 || 10,426 || 145,186
|-
| 120 || {{Flag|Benin}} || 33,221 || 2,721 || 145,843
|-
| 121 || {{Flag|Qatar}} || 31,590 || 31,590 || 43,176
|-
| 122 || {{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} || 31,017 || 7,982 || 373,017
|-
| 123 || {{Flag|Poland}} || 29,797 || 29,797 || 342,482
|-
| 124 || {{Flag|Dominica}} || 28,985 || 659 || 29,736
|-
| 125 || {{Flag|Latvia}} || 28,452 || 27,772 || 93,011
|-
| 126 || {{Flag|Grenada}} || 27,426 || 2,237 || 27,770
|-
| 127 || {{Flag|Israel}} || 26,352 || 3,745 || 48,424
|-
| 128 || {{Flag|Romania}} || 23,627 || 19,303 || 262,018
|-
| 129 || {{Flag|Gambia}} || 23,112 || 5,581 || 34,407
|-
| 130 || {{Flag|Georgia}} || 21,946 || 3,243 || 91,646
|-
| 131 || {{Flag|Lebanon}} || 19,516 || 1,067 || 29,968
|-
| 132 || {{Flag|Cameroon}} || 16,547 || 11,420 || 491,989
|-
| 133 || {{Flag|Saint Lucia}} || 15,617 || 544 || 16,156
|-
| 134 || {{Flag|Albania}} || 13,691 || 6,979 || 42,439
|-
| 135 || {{Flag|Togo}} || 12,045 || 1,265 || 68,830
|-
| 136 || {{Flag|Kuwait}} || 11,026 || 11,026 || 28,844
|-
| 137 || {{Flag|Syria}} || 10,503 || 1,085 || 195,683
|-
| 138 || {{Flag|Bahrain}} || 10,225 || 10,225 || 10,975
|-
| 139 || {{Flag|Brunei}} || 10,090 || 8,509 || 15,855
|-
| 140 || {{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || 9,974 || 653 || 10,235
|-
| 141 || {{Flag|Montenegro}} || 7,745 || 3,896 || 21,557
|-
| 142 || {{Flag|Djibouti}} || 7,459 || 3,187 || 30,659
|-
| 143 || {{Flag|Lithuania}} || 7,031 || 7,031 || 72,331
|-
| 144 || {{Flag|Belgium}} || 3,447 || 3,447 || 33,975
|-
| 145 || {{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || 1,606 || 1,593 || 2,346,464
|-
| 146 || {{Flag|Singapore}} || 1,067 || 1,067 || 1,772
|-
| 147 || {{Flag|Iraq}} || 771 || 771 || 439,088
|-
| 148 || {{Flag|Monaco}} || 288 || 2 || 290
|-
| 149 || {{Flag|Palestine}} || 256 || 256 || 6,276
|-
| 150 || {{Flag|Slovenia}} || 220 || 220 || 20,493
|-
| 151 || {{Flag|Jordan}} || 166 || 59 || 89,508
|-
| 152 || {{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 50 || 50 || 51,259
|-
| – || {{Flag|Kazakhstan}} || || || 2,724,900
|-
| – || {{Flag|Mongolia}} || || || 1,564,100
|-
| – || {{Flag|Chad}} || || || 1,284,000
|-
| – || {{Flag|Niger}} || || || 1,267,000
|-
| – || {{Flag|Mali}} || || || 1,240,192
|-
| – || {{Flag|Ethiopia}} || || || 1,104,300
|-
| – || {{Flag|Bolivia}} || || || 1,098,581
|-
| – || {{Flag|Zambia}} || || || 752,612
|-
| – || {{Flag|Afghanistan}} || || || 652,090
|-
| – || {{Flag|Central African Republic}} || || || 622,984
|-
| – || {{Flag|South Sudan}} || || || 619,745
|-
| – || {{Flag|Botswana}} || || || 582,000
|-
| – || {{Flag|Turkmenistan}} || || || 488,100
|-
| – || {{Flag|Uzbekistan}} || || || 447,400
|-
| – || {{Flag|Paraguay}} || || || 406,752
|-
| – || {{Flag|Zimbabwe}} || || || 390,757
|-
| – || {{Flag|Burkina Faso}} || || || 274,222
|-
| – || {{Flag|Uganda}} || || || 241,038
|-
| – || {{Flag|Laos}} || || || 236,800
|-
| – || {{Flag|Belarus}} || || || 207,600
|-
| – || {{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || || || 199,951
|-
| – || {{Flag|Nepal}} || || || 147,181
|-
| – || {{Flag|Tajikistan}} || || || 143,100
|-
| – || {{Flag|Malawi}} || || || 118,484
|-
| – || {{Flag|Hungary}} || || || 93,028
|-
| – || {{Flag|Azerbaijan}} || || || 86,600
|-
| – || {{Flag|Austria}} || || || 83,871
|-
| – || {{Flag|Czech Republic}} || || || 78,867
|-
| – || {{Flag|Serbia}} || || || 77,474
|-
| – || {{Flag|Slovakia}} || || || 49,035
|-
| – || {{Flag|Switzerland}} || || || 41,284
|-
| – || {{Flag|Bhutan}} || || || 38,394
|-
| – || {{Flag|Moldova}} || || || 33,846
|-
| – || {{Flag|Lesotho}} || || || 30,355
|-
| – || {{Flag|Armenia}} || || || 29,743
|-
| – || {{Flag|Burundi}} || || || 27,834
|-
| – || {{Flag|Rwanda}} || || || 26,338
|-
| – || {{Flag|North Macedonia}} || || || 25,713
|-
| – || {{Flag|Eswatini}} || || || 17,364
|-
| – || {{Flag|Kosovo}}{{ref label|status|a|}} || || || 10,887
|-
| – || {{Flag|Luxembourg}} || || || 2,586
|-
| – || {{Flag|Andorra}} || || || 468
|-
| – || {{Flag|Liechtenstein}} || || || 160
|-
| – || {{Flag|San Marino}} || || || 61
|-
| – || {{Flag|Vatican City}} || || || 0.44
|-
| '''Total''' || '''{{Flag|United Nations}}''' || '''137,926,515''' || '''25,149,113''' || '''274,891,722'''
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Business and economics}}
* [[Air defense identification zone]]
* [[Baseline (sea)|Baseline]]
* [[Continental shelf]]
* [[International waters]]
* ''[[R v Marshall]]''
* [[Special economic zone]]
* [[Territorial waters]]

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}

{| style="margin-left:13px; line-height:150%; font-size:100%;"
|-
|  style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;" | a.
| {{note|status}}{{Kosovo-note}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{reflist|2}}

'''Works cited:'''
*{{cite book|author=Suk Kyoon Kim|title=Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Regional Challenges and Cooperation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLm8DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|year=2017|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-34422-8|ref={{SfnRef|Kim|2017}}}}
*{{cite journal |url=http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v27n2-f.pdf |last=Kotch |first=John Barry |last2=Abbey | first2 = Michael |year=2003 |title=Ending naval clashes on the Northern Limit Line and the quest for a West Sea peace regime |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=175–204 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725020759/http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v27n2-f.pdf |archivedate=25 July 2011|ref=harv}}
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Prescott|first1=John Robert Victor|last2=Schofield|first2=Clive H.|editor-last=Furness|editor-first=Shelagh|journal=Maritime Briefing|title=Undelimited Maritime Boundaries of the Asian Rim in the Pacific Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RT2lGdMZucC&pg=PA25|volume=3|number=1|year=2001|publisher=International Boundaries Research Unit, University of Durham|location=Durham|isbn=978-1-897643-43-3}}
*{{cite book|editor1=Seoung Yong Hong|editor-last2=Van Dyke|editor-first1=Jon M.|last=Van Dyke|first=Jon M.|title=Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mebBeRGmPAYC&pg=PA42|year=2009|publisher=BRILL|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-17343-9|pages=39–76|chapter=Disputes Over Islands and Maritime Boundaries in East Asia|ref={{SfnRef|Van Dyke|2009}}}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Exclusive economic zones}}
* [http://www.marineregions.org/eezmapper.php Interactive map at MarineRegions.org], showing boundaries and disputes
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part5.htm United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – Part V]
* [http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez Sea Around Us Project – View the EEZ of all countries] (note that this website does not distinguish between the [[Territorial waters#Territorial sea|territorial seas]] and the EEZs, therefore it tends to understate the EEZ areas<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/sea-around-us-area-parameters-and-definitions/#_Toc421807903 EEZ AREA MEASURE]</ref>)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040808210345/http://chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/csdl/eez.htm The USA zone since 1977]
* [[GIS]] data: [http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/marbound/ VLIZ.be]
* [http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=496 Foreign Military Activities in Asian EEZs: Conflict Ahead?] by Mark J. Valencia (May 2011)
* [http://www.vtmis.info/eez/index.html EEZ Management]
{{reflist}} <!-- Please don't remove this reflist template, it's for an additional reference of an external link. --> 

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