View source for Maud (ship)

{{Short description|Ship built for Roald Amundsen for his second expedition to the Arctic}}
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| Ship image= [[File:Polarskipet Maud.jpg|220px|''Maud'', 1918]]
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|Ship country=Norway
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Norway|civil}}
| Ship name= '''''Maud'''''
| Ship namesake= [[Maud of Wales|Queen Maud of Norway]]
| Ship owner= [[Roald Amundsen]]
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| Ship builder= Built in [[Asker]], [[Norway]]
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| Ship launched= June 1916<ref name=june16/> or 17 June 1917<ref name=june17/>
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|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Canada|civil-1925}}
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| Ship owner= [[Hudson's Bay Company]]
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|Ship country=Norway
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| Ship owner= [[Asker]], Norway
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| Ship class= Oak hulled sailing ship, built for Arctic exploration
| Ship tonnage= 292 register
| Ship length= 36.5 m (119.75 ft)
| Ship beam= 12.3 m (40.35 ft)
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| Ship hold depth=4.85 m (16 ft)
| Ship propulsion= 240 hp (177 kW) semidiesel [[Bolinder-Munktell|Bolinder]] engine
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'''''Maud''''', named for [[Maud of Wales|Queen Maud of Norway]], was a ship built for [[Roald Amundsen]] for his second expedition to the [[Arctic]]. Designed for his intended voyage through the [[Northern Sea Route|Northeast Passage]], the vessel was built in [[Asker]], a suburb of the capital, [[Oslo]].

''Maud'' was launched in June 1916<ref name=june16>[https://www.norwegianamerican.com/featured/unsinking-a-ship-maud-returns-home/ Unsinking a ship: Maud returns home - Roald Amundsen and Maud]</ref> or 17 June 1917<ref name=june17>[http://www.maudreturnshome.no/project/ Maud Returns Home]</ref> at [[Vollen, Akershus|Vollen]] and [[Ceremonial ship launching|ceremonially christened]] by Amundsen crushing a chunk of ice against her bow:
{{quote|It is not my intention to dishonor the glorious grape, but already now you shall get the taste of your real environment. For the ice you have been built, and in the ice you shall stay most of your life, and in the ice you shall solve your tasks. With the permission of our Queen, I christen you Maud|Roald Amundsen<ref name=june16/>}}

==Career==
She lived up to her christening, as she remained in the ice until 2016. Whereas other vessels used in Amundsen's polar explorations, ''[[Gjøa]]'' and ''[[Fram (ship)|Fram]]'', have been preserved at the [[Norwegian Maritime Museum]], ''Maud'' had a more rugged fate. After sailing through the [[Northeast Passage]], which did not go as planned and took six years between 1918 and 1924, she ended up in [[Nome, Alaska]] and in August 1925 was sold on behalf of Amundsen's creditors in [[Seattle, Washington]].

The buyer was the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], which renamed her ''Baymaud''. She was to be used as a supply vessel for Company outposts in [[Northern Canada#Sub-divisions|Canada's western Arctic]]. Prior to her final voyage ''Baymaud'' was given a refit in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. (The work was supervised by Tom Halliday, who later designed the RCMP vessel ''[[St. Roch (ship)|St. Roch]]'', based on ''Maud.'') In the winter of 1926 she was frozen into the ice at [[Cambridge Bay]], where she sank in 1930. The wreck lay just offshore, across the inlet from the community's former Hudson's Bay Company store. Nearby is the site of the former [[Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower]], built in 1947.

==Salvage==
In 1990 the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Asker with the expectation that she would be returned to the town. Although a Cultural Properties Export permit was issued, the price tag to repair and move the ship was 230 million [[Norwegian krone|kroner]] ($43,200,000) and the permit expired.<ref>[http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa082799.htm Underwater Treasure of Cambridge Bay]</ref><ref>Nunavut News/North Monday August 20, 2007 "Saving the Maud"</ref><ref>[http://www.pwnhc.ca/research/archrep/archrep96/central.htm Cambridge Bay] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201230638/http://www.pwnhc.ca/research/archrep/archrep96/central.htm |date=2010-12-01 }}, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (1996)</ref>

In 2011 an Asker-based company, Tandberg Eiendom AS, in the project Maud Returns Home<ref name="MaudReturnsHome">[http://www.maudreturnshome.no/ Maud Returns Home]</ref> announced a plan to return ''Maud'' to Norway. They intend to build a museum in [[Vollen, Akershus|Vollen]] to house her, near where she was built and had purchased a barge to move her. Concern about the plan came from the community of Cambridge Bay, [[Parks Canada]], the [[Government of Nunavut]], the International Polar Heritage Committee, and some people in her intended destination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/16557_norway_wants_amundsens_maud_back_from_nunavut/ |title=Norway wants Amundsen's Maud back from Nunavut |access-date=2011-07-15 |archive-date=2019-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407155604/https://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/16557_norway_wants_amundsens_maud_back_from_nunavut/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initial refusal of a new export permit from the federal government, on the grounds of a lack of a full archeological study was later reversed on appeal in March 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674Ottawa_nixes_export_permit_for_maud/ |title=Ottawa nixes export permit for Maud |access-date=2011-12-15 |archive-date=2018-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213030509/http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674Ottawa_nixes_export_permit_for_maud/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="MaudReturnsHome" /><ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/norwegians-set-to-repatriate-maud-after-reversing-export-permit-refusal/article534560/ Norwegians set to repatriate ''Maud'' after reversing export permit refusal]</ref> The salvage operation was under way in the summer of 2015, with a plan to return the hull to Norway in the summer of 2016.<ref>[http://www.maudreturnshome.no Project Website]</ref>
[[File:AO7E8669.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Maud at [[Vollen, Asker|Vollen]] in Norway on 18 August 2018]]
On 31 July 2016 it was reported that the hull of ''Maud'' had been raised to the surface and placed on a barge in preparation for shipment to Norway.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/the-maud-recovered-july-30-2016-1.3702513 CBC News: The Maud floats again: Norwegians bring long-sunken ship to surface]</ref> In August 2017 ''Maud'' began the journey back to Norway; she was towed through the [[Northwest Passage]]. In September 2017 she arrived in Greenland to stay for the winter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ship that sank in Cambridge Bay 87 years ago finally on journey home to Norway |date=2017-08-30 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206125900/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-journey-home-cambridge-bay-norway-1.4266797 |archive-date=2022-12-06 |url-status=live |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-journey-home-cambridge-bay-norway-1.4266797}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cambridge Bay prepares to bid adieu to the Maud as Norwegian mayor visits community |date=2017-08-10 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107172033/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-to-return-to-norway-1.4242183 |archive-date=2022-01-07 |url-status=live |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maud-to-return-to-norway-1.4242183}}</ref> ''Maud'' arrived in Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maud Returns to Norway |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/maud-returns-to-norway#gs.qHAlf3Y|publisher=The Maritime Executive|date=6 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Amundsen Maud 1998-06-28.jpg|The wreck of ''Maud'' near [[Cambridge Bay]], on the south coast of [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]] in [[Nunavut]], Canada in 1998.
File:Maud risen 02.jpg|''Maud'' on the surface in 2016.
File:Maud being tugged through the Bellot Strait.jpg|''Maud'' being towed through the [[Bellot Strait]] towards Greenland in early September 2017.
File:Tandberg Polar tugging Maud through the Bellot Strait.jpg|''Tandberg Polar'' towing ''Maud'' through the Bellot Strait towards Greenland in early September 2017.
File:Maud at Tofte.jpg|''Maud'' with protective roof at [[Tofte, Norway]] in March 2020, while awaiting a new museum building for her.
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Maud (ship, 1917)|Maud (ship)}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135931/http://www.frammuseum.no/Visit-the-Museum/The-Polar-Ship-Maud-(1).aspx Maud at the Fram Museum]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060501172956/http://fuv.hivolda.no/prosjekt/kjelltr/maud.htm Maud] {{in lang|no}} - Photos
*[http://www.maudreturnshome.no/ Maud Returns Home] {{in lang|en}} - Salvage project initiated and realized by Tandberg Eiendom, Norway (completed in 2019)

{{coord|69|07|08|N|105|01|12|W|type:landmark_scale:2000_region:CA-NU|display=title}}
{{Polar exploration|state=collapsed}}
{{1930 shipwrecks}}
{{Oldest surviving ships (pre-1919)}}
{{Hudson's Bay Company}}

[[Category:Arctic exploration vessels]]
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:1916 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Norway]]
[[Category:Tall ships of Norway]]
[[Category:Asker]]
[[Category:Sailing ships of Canada]]
[[Category:Kitikmeot Region]]
[[Category:History of Nunavut]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Canadian Arctic coast]]
[[Category:Art and cultural repatriation]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1930]]
[[Category:Hudson's Bay Company ships]]
[[Category:Icebreakers of Norway]]
[[Category:Icebreakers of Canada]]