Gurara language: Difference between revisions

Gurara
Gurara
تازناتيت (Taznatit) / ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵜⵉⵜ
Native to	Algeria
Region	Gourara (wilaya of Adrar)
Native speakers	26,000, including Tuwat (2014–2022)
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Berber Northern Zenati Mzab-Wargla Gurara; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	grr (included)
Glottolog	gour1247
	Map of the ksour of Gourara by spoken language

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Gurara (Gourara) is a Zenati Berber language spoken in the Gourara (Tigurarin) region, an archipelago of oases surrounding the town of Timimoun in southwestern Algeria. Ethnologue gives it the generic name Taznatit ("Zenati"), along with Tuwat spoken to its south; however, Blench (2006) classifies Gurara as a dialect of Mzab–Wargla and Tuwat as a dialect of the Riff languages.

Characteristics

Gurara and Tuwat are the only Berber languages to change r in certain coda positions to a laryngeal ħ;^[2] in other contexts it drops r, turning a preceding schwa into a,^[3] and this latter phenomenon exists also in Zenata Rif-Berber in the far northern Morocco.

There is inconclusive evidence for Songhay influence on Gurara.^[4]

Ahellil

The local tradition of ahellil poetry and music in Gurara, described in Mouloud Mammeri's L'Ahellil du Gourara,^[5] has been listed as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

References

^ Gurara at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
^ Basset, René (1887). "Notes de lexicographie berbère". Journal Asiatique. X (8): 390.
^ Kossmann, Maarten (1999). "Cinq notes de linguistique historique berbère". Études et Documents Berbères. 17: 131–152. doi:10.3917/edb.017.0131. S2CID 193269275.
^ Kossmann, Maarten (2004). "Is there a Songhay substratum in Gourara Berber?". In Kossmann, Maarten; Vossen, Rainer; Ibriszimow, Dymitr (eds.). Nouvelles études berbères: Le verbe et autres articles. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. pp. 51–66.
^ Mammeri, Mouloud (1984). L'Ahellil du Gourara. Paris: M.S.H.

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[e26-1] Gurara at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[2] Basset, René (1887). "Notes de lexicographie berbère". Journal Asiatique. X (8): 390.

[3] Kossmann, Maarten (1999). "Cinq notes de linguistique historique berbère". Études et Documents Berbères. 17: 131–152. doi:10.3917/edb.017.0131. S2CID 193269275.

[4] Kossmann, Maarten (2004). "Is there a Songhay substratum in Gourara Berber?". In Kossmann, Maarten; Vossen, Rainer; Ibriszimow, Dymitr (eds.). Nouvelles études berbères: Le verbe et autres articles. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. pp. 51–66.

[5] Mammeri, Mouloud (1984). L'Ahellil du Gourara. Paris: M.S.H.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Berber language of Algeria}}
 {{Infobox language
 |name=Gurara
+|nativename= {{lang|ar|تازناتيت}} (Taznatit) / {{script|Tfng|ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⵜⵉⵜ}}
-|nativename=تزناتيت
-|altname=''Taznatit''
+|altname=
 |states=[[Algeria]]
 |region=[[Gourara]] (''[[wilaya]]'' of [[Adrar Province, Algeria|Adrar]])
-|speakers=58,000, including [[Tuwat language|Tuwat]]
+|speakers=26,000, including [[Tuwat language|Tuwat]]
-|date=2007
+|date=2014–2022
-|ref=e17
+|ref=e26
 |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic
 |fam2=[[Berber languages|Berber]]
@@ Line 15: / Line 16: @@
 |iso3=grr
 |iso3comment=(included)
+|glotto=gour1247
-|linglist=grr-gou
+|glottorefname=Gourara
-}}
+|map=Gourara ksour - Linguistic map.PNG
+|mapcaption=Map of the [[Ksar|ksour]] of Gourara by spoken language
+}}
-'''Gurara''' (Gourara) is the [[Zenati languages|Zenati]] [[Berber languages|Berber]] language of the [[Gourara]] (''Tigurarin'') region, an archipelago of oases surrounding [[Timimoun]] in southwestern [[Algeria]]. ''[[Ethnologue]]'' gives it the generic name ''Taznatit'' '(Zenati'), along with [[Tuwat language|Tuwat]] to its south; however, Blench (2006) classifies Gurara as a dialect of [[Mzab–Wargla languages|Mzab–Wargla]], and Tuwat as a dialect of the [[Riff languages|Riff cluster]].
+'''Gurara''' ('''Gourara''') is a [[Zenati languages|Zenati]] [[Berber language]] spoken in the [[Gourara]] (''Tigurarin'') region, an archipelago of oases surrounding the town of [[Timimoun]] in southwestern [[Algeria]]. ''[[Ethnologue]]'' gives it the generic name ''Taznatit'' ("Zenati"), along with [[Tuwat language|Tuwat]] spoken to its south; however, Blench (2006) classifies Gurara as a dialect of [[Mzab–Wargla languages|Mzab–Wargla]] and Tuwat as a dialect of the [[Riff languages]].
 ==Characteristics==
-Gurara and [[Tuwat language|Tuwat]] is the only Berber language to change ''r'' in certain coda positions to a laryngeal ''ħ'';<ref>René Basset, "Notes de lexicographie berbère", ''Journal Asiatique'', ser. 8, vol. X, 1887: p. 390.</ref> in other contexts it drops ''r'', turning a preceding [[schwa]] into ''a''.<ref>Maarten Kossmann, "Cinq notes de linguistique historique berbère", ''Etudes et Documents Berbères'', 17, 1999 : pp. 131–152</ref>
+Gurara and [[Tuwat language|Tuwat]] are the only Berber languages to change ''r'' in certain coda positions to a laryngeal ''ħ'';<ref>{{cite journal |last=Basset |first=René |author-link=René Basset |title=Notes de lexicographie berbère |journal=Journal Asiatique |issue=8 |volume=X |year=1887 |page=390}}</ref> in other contexts it drops ''r'', turning a preceding [[schwa]] into ''a'',<ref>{{cite journal |first=Maarten |last=Kossmann |title=Cinq notes de linguistique historique berbère |journal=Études et Documents Berbères |volume=17 |year=1999 |pages=131–152|doi=10.3917/edb.017.0131 |s2cid=193269275 }}</ref> and this latter phenomenon exists also in Zenata [[Rif-Berber]] in the far northern Morocco.
-There is inconclusive evidence for [[Songhay languages|Songhay]] influence on Gurara.<ref>Maarten Kossmann, "Is there a Songhay substratum in Gourara Berber?", in ed. Maarten Kossmann, Rainer Vossen, Dymitr Ibriszimow, ''Nouvelles études berbères: Le verbe et autres articles'', Rüdiger Köppe: Köln 2004, pp. 51–66.</ref>
+There is inconclusive evidence for [[Songhay languages|Songhay]] influence on Gurara.<ref>{{cite book |first=Maarten |last=Kossmann |chapter=Is there a Songhay substratum in Gourara Berber? |editor-first1=Maarten |editor-last1=Kossmann |editor-first2=Rainer |editor-last2=Vossen |editor-first3=Dymitr |editor-last3=Ibriszimow |title=Nouvelles études berbères: Le verbe et autres articles |publisher=Rüdiger Köppe |location=Köln |year=2004 |pages=51–66}}</ref>
+===''Ahellil''===
-The local tradition of [[ahellil]] poetry and music in Gurara, described in [[Mouloud Mammeri]]'s ''L'Ahellil du Gourara'',<ref>Mouloud Mammeri, ''L ‘Ahellil du Gourara'', M.S.H.:Paris 1984.</ref> has been listed as part of the [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] by UNESCO.
+The local tradition of ''ahellil'' poetry and music in Gurara, described in [[Mouloud Mammeri|Mouloud Mammeri's]] ''L'Ahellil du Gourara'',<ref>{{cite book |first=Mouloud |last=Mammeri |title=L'Ahellil du Gourara |publisher=M.S.H. |location=Paris |year=1984}}</ref> has been listed as part of the [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] by [[UNESCO]].
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
-== External links ==
-* [http://www.llmap.org/languages/grr.html Map of Taznatit language from the LL-Map Project]
 {{Berber languages}}
-{{Algeria-stub}}
-{{AfroAsiatic-lang-stub}}
 [[Category:Berber languages]]
 [[Category:Languages of Algeria]]
+{{Algeria-stub}}
+{{Berber-lang-stub}}