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{{Short description|American biplane}}
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name = Waco 10
|name = Waco 10
|image = Farell2_WACO_model_10.jpg
|image = Farell2_WACO_model_10.jpg
|caption = Waco 10 giving joy rides.
|caption = Waco 10 giving joy rides.
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = light passenger transport
|type = light passenger transport
|manufacturer =[[Waco Aircraft Company|Advance Aircraft]]<br />[[Waco Aircraft Company]]
|manufacturer =[[Waco Aircraft Company|Advance Aircraft]]<br />[[Waco Aircraft Company]]
Line 13: Line 16:
|primary user =
|primary user =
|produced = 1927–1933
|produced = 1927–1933
|number built = 1,623
|unit cost = $2,145 minus engine & prop
}}
}}
|}
|}
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==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The Waco 10 was a larger span development of the [[Waco 9]], both single-engined three-seat single-bay biplanes constructed around steel-tube frames. The wing covering was fabric, and both upper and lower planes carried ailerons, which were strut linked. The two passengers sat side by side in a cockpit under the upper wing and ahead of the pilot, who had a separate cockpit. It had a split-axle fixed undercarriage and a tailwheel. The main undercarriage was fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers, unusual at the time on a light aircraft. The fin could be trimmed on the ground to offset engine torque, and the tailplane could be trimmed in flight. Initially it was powered by a [[Curtiss OX-5]] water-cooled 90° V-8 engine producing 90&nbsp;hp (67&nbsp;kW).
The Waco 10 was a larger span development of the [[Waco 9]], both single-engined three-seat single-bay biplanes constructed around steel-tube frames. The wing covering was fabric, and both upper and lower planes carried ailerons, which were strut linked. The two passengers sat side by side in a cockpit under the upper wing and ahead of the pilot, who had a separate cockpit. It had a split-axle fixed undercarriage and a tailwheel. The main undercarriage was fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers, unusual at the time on a light aircraft. The fin could be trimmed on the ground to offset engine torque, and the tailplane could be trimmed in flight. Initially it was powered by a [[Curtiss OX-5]] water-cooled 90° V-8 engine producing {{cvt|90|hp|0}}.


Its first flight was in 1927. It was numerically the most important type to be built by Waco, with at least 1,623 built over a period of 7 years from 1927 to 1933 and was fitted with a very large variety of engines of radial and V configuration.
Its first flight was in 1927. It was numerically the most important type to be built by Waco, with at least 1,623 built over a period of 7 years from 1927 to 1933 and was fitted with a very large variety of engines of radial and V configuration.
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[[File:Waco CTO NC744H Beaufort MCAS SC 24.04.04R.jpg|thumb|1929 Waco CTO at [[Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort]] [[South Carolina]]]]
[[File:Waco CTO NC744H Beaufort MCAS SC 24.04.04R.jpg|thumb|1929 Waco CTO at [[Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort]] [[South Carolina]]]]


Later aircraft used a three-letter designation, the first denoting the engine (except for the two mailplanes), the second, S or T meaning Straight or Tapered wing and the final O indicating it belongs to the '''Waco O series''', ostensibly for ''open cockpit'' - or 10. An -A suffix indicated an armed variant intended for export.
Later aircraft used three-letter designations, the first denoting the engine (except for the two mailplanes), the second denoting the wing installed, S or T meaning Straight or Tapered wing, and the final O indicating it was a derivative of the 10. An -A suffix indicated an armed variant intended for export.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!Early<br/>Designation||Post-1928<br/>Designation||Marketing<br/>Designation||Engine||Power
!Early<br/>Designation||Post-1928<br/>Designation||Marketing<br/>Designation||Engine||Power
|-
|-
!10||GXE||90||[[Curtiss OX-5]]||{{cvt|90|hp}}
|10||GXE||90||[[Curtiss OX-5]]||{{cvt|90|hp}}
|-
|-
!10-W||ASO||220-T||[[Wright J-5]]||{{cvt|220|hp}}
|10-W||ASO||220-T||[[Wright J-5]]||{{cvt|220|hp}}
|-
|-
!||ATO||||[[Wright J-5]]||{{cvt|220|hp}}
|10-T||ATO||||[[Wright J-5]]||{{cvt|220|hp}}
|-
|-
!||BSO||BS-165||[[Wright R-540]]A|||{{cvt|165|hp}}
|||BSO/BSO-A||BS-165||[[Wright R-540|Wright J-6-5]]|||{{cvt|165|hp}}
|-
|-
!||BSO-A||||[[Wright R-540]]A|||{{cvt|165|hp}}
|||CSO||C-225||[[Wright R-760|Wright J-6-7]]|||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|-
|-
!||CSO||C-225||[[Wright R-760]]|||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|||CTO||||Wright J-6-7|||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|-
|-
!||CTO||||[[Wright R-760]]|||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|10-H||DSO||||[[Hispano-Suiza 8A]] or E||{{cvt|150-180|hp}}
|-
|-
!10-H||DSO||||[[Hispano-Suiza 8A]] or E||{{cvt|150-180|hp}}
|||HSO||||[[Packard DR-980]] Diesel||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|-
|-
!||HSO||||[[Packard DR-980]] Diesel||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|||HTO||||Packard DR-980 Diesel||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|-
|-
!||HTO||||[[Packard DR-980]] Diesel||{{cvt|225|hp}}
|||JTO||||[[Wright R-975|Wright J-6-9]]||{{cvt|300|hp}}
|-
|-
!||JTO||||[[Wright R-975]]||{{cvt|300|hp}}
|||JYM||Mailplane||Wright J-6-9||{{cvt|300|hp}}
|-
|-
!||JYO||||[[Wright R-975]]||{{cvt|300|hp}}
|||JWM||Mailplane||Wright J-6-9||{{cvt|330|hp}}
|-
|-
!||KSO||||[[Kinner K-5]]||{{cvt|100|hp}}
|||KSO||||[[Kinner K-5]]||{{cvt|100|hp}}
|-
|-
!||OSO||||[[Kinner C-5]]||{{cvt|210|hp}}
|||OSO||||[[Kinner C-5]]||{{cvt|210|hp}}
|-
|-
!||PSO||||[[Jacobs Aircraft Engine Company|Jacobs radials]]||{{cvt|140-170|hp}}
|||PSO||||[[Jacobs Aircraft Engine Company|Jacobs radials]]||{{cvt|140-170|hp}}
|-
|-
!||QSO||||[[Continental A-70]]||{{cvt|165|hp}}
|||QSO||||[[Continental A70]]||{{cvt|165|hp}}
|-
|-
!||RSO||||[[Warner Scarab]]||{{cvt|110|hp}}
|||RSO||||[[Warner Scarab]]||{{cvt|110|hp}}
|-
|-
!||||240-A||[[Continental W-670]]||{{cvt|240|hp}}
|||||240-A||[[Continental W-670]]||{{cvt|240|hp}}
|-
|||||300-A||300 hp radial||{{cvt|300|hp}}

|}
|}
Apart from the water-cooled [[V8|V-8]] Curtiss and Hispano-Suiza engines, all of the rest were air-cooled [[radial engine|radials]].
Apart from the water-cooled [[V8|V-8]] Curtiss and Hispano-Suiza engines, all of the rest were air-cooled [[radial engine|radials]].
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Other engines were fitted experimentally, without unique designations, including the [[Rausie]], [[Siemens & Halske|Ryan-Siemens]], and {{cvt|115|hp}} Milwaukee Tank engine. This last engine was an [[air-cooled]] version of the Curtiss OX-5, and was intended as an aircraft engine.
Other engines were fitted experimentally, without unique designations, including the [[Rausie]], [[Siemens & Halske|Ryan-Siemens]], and {{cvt|115|hp}} Milwaukee Tank engine. This last engine was an [[air-cooled]] version of the Curtiss OX-5, and was intended as an aircraft engine.


The two mailplane derivatives from the O series ([[Waco Mailplanes|types '''JYM''' and '''JWM''']]) were single seaters with a 14" stretch in the fuselage.
The [[Waco Mailplanes|'''JYM''' and '''JWM''']] were mailplane derivatives with a 14" fuselage stretch.


In the 1990s [[The WACO Aircraft Company]] in [[Forks, Washington]] offered a [[homebuilt aircraft|homebuilt kit version]] of the ATO model, featuring a book of re-drawn plans and an instruction manual.<ref name="Aerocrafter">Purdy, Don: ''AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, Fifth Edition'', page 288. BAI Communications, 15 July 1998. {{ISBN|0-963640941}}</ref>
In the 1990s the unrelated [[The WACO Aircraft Company]] in [[Forks, Washington]] offered a [[homebuilt aircraft|homebuilt kit version]] of the ATO model.<ref name="Aerocrafter">{{cite book |last1=Purdy |first1=Don |title=AeroCrafter homebuilt aircraft sourcebook. |date=15 July 1998 |publisher=BAI Communications |location=Benicia, Calif. |isbn=0963640941 |page=288 |edition=5th}}</ref>


The WACO 240-A was a straight-wing fighter, built for export, powered by {{cvt|240|hp}} Wright engine. At least six were bought by the Cantonese Chinese aviation services. They were armed with twin .30 Browning machine guns and had racks for five {{cvt|25|lb}} or two {{cvt|100|lb}} bombs.<ref name=china>Forman, Harrison. [https://books.google.com/books?id=i5WxOMws32YC&pg=PA151&lpg=PA151&dq=waco+240+china&source=bl&ots=Nn4KNwnA3K&sig=wLWY-p6nnTmZmUGQiq5TJIOnrvo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ8LvFlJzRAhUKB8AKHU1gAZkQ6AEIQTAF#v=onepage&q=waco%20240%20china&f=false ''American warplanes in China''], "Popular aviation" September 1934, pp.151-152</ref>
The WACO 240-A was a straight-wing fighter, built for export, powered by {{cvt|240|hp}} Wright engine. At least six were bought by the Cantonese Chinese aviation services. They were armed with twin .30 Browning machine guns and had racks for five {{cvt|25|lb}} or two {{cvt|100|lb}} bombs.<ref name="china">{{cite journal |last1=Forman |first1=Harrison |date=September 1934 |title=American warplanes in China |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5WxOMws32YC&q=waco+240+china&pg=PA151 |journal=Popular Aviation |issue= |pages=151–152}}</ref>


There was also an export model WACO Pursuit 300T-A, with {{cvt|300|hp}} Wright or Wasp Jr engine.<ref name=china/>
There was also an export model WACO Pursuit 300T-A, with {{cvt|300|hp}} Wright or Wasp Jr engine.<ref name=china/>
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|1927||GXE||781||N312DC||[[Gatlinburg–Pigeon Forge Airport]], Tennessee||
|1927||GXE||781||N312DC||[[Gatlinburg–Pigeon Forge Airport]], Tennessee||
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1388||N6675K||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name="Fairchild24.com">{{cite web|url=http://fairchild24.com/museum.htm|title=Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum|publisher=Fairchild24.com|date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1388||N6675K||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name="Fairchild24.com">{{cite web|url=http://fairchild24.com/museum.htm|title=Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum|publisher=Fairchild24.com|access-date=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1464||NC4899||[[Ohio History Connection]]||<ref>{{cite web|title=Where is it now. Collections from the Former Ohio History of Flight Museum|url=https://www.ohiohistory.org/learn/collections/history/history-blog/2015/august-2015/history-of-flight-museum|website=Ohio History Connection Blog|publisher=Ohio History Connection|accessdate=21 June 2017}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1464||NC4899||[[Ohio History Connection]]||<ref name=Ohio>{{cite web|title=Where is it now. Collections from the Former Ohio History of Flight Museum|url=https://www.ohiohistory.org/learn/collections/history/history-blog/2015/august-2015/history-of-flight-museum|website=Ohio History Connection Blog|publisher=Ohio History Connection|access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1521||C-GAFD||[[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]], [[Ottawa, Ontario]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/Waco10/ |title=Waco 10 (GXE) – Canada Aviation and Space Museum |publisher=Aviation.technomuses.ca |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1521||C-GAFD||[[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]], [[Ottawa, Ontario]]||<ref name=technomus>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/Waco10/ |title=Waco 10 (GXE) – Canada Aviation and Space Museum |publisher=Aviation.technomuses.ca |access-date=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1554||NC6974||[[Eagles Mere Air Museum]] at [[Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eaglesmereairmuseum.org/wacogxe.shtml |title=1928 Waco GXE Eagles Mere Air Museum |publisher=eaglesmereairmuseum.org/index.shtml |date= |accessdate=2014-03-21}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1554||NC6974||[[Eagles Mere Air Museum]] at [[Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania]]||<ref name=eaglesmere>{{cite web|url=http://www.eaglesmereairmuseum.org/wacogxe.shtml |title=1928 Waco GXE Eagles Mere Air Museum |publisher=eaglesmereairmuseum.org/index.shtml |access-date=2014-03-21}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1586||NC5852||privately owned and based at [[Covington, Ohio]]||<ref>{{cite web|author=Scott Rose, warbirdsresourcegroup.org |url=http://vintage.warbirdregistry.org/wacoregistry/waco-nc5852.html |title=Vintage Registry - A Warbirds Resource Group Site - Waco |publisher=Vintage.warbirdregistry.org |date=2002-03-18 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}</ref><ref name="FAAReg2">{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=5852|title = Make / Model Inquiry Results N5852 |accessdate = 7 August 2012|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date=August 2012}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1586||NC5852||privately owned and based at [[Covington, Ohio]]||<ref name=Rose>{{cite web|last1=Rose |first1=Scott |url=http://vintage.warbirdregistry.org/wacoregistry/waco-nc5852.html |title=Vintage Registry - A Warbirds Resource Group Site - Waco |publisher=Vintage.warbirdregistry.org |date=2002-03-18 |access-date=2012-08-07}}</ref><ref name="FAAReg2">{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=5852|title = Make / Model Inquiry Results N5852 |access-date = 7 August 2012|last = Federal Aviation Administration|author-link = Federal Aviation Administration|date=August 2012}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1644/3065||CF-AOI||[[Reynolds-Alberta Museum]], [[Wetaskiwin, Alberta]]||<ref>{{cite book|last=Skaarup|first=Harold A.|title=Canadian Warbird Survivors - A Handbook on where to find them|year=2001|publisher=Writers Club Press|location=Nebraska|isbn=978-059520668-1}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1644/3065||CF-AOI||[[Reynolds-Alberta Museum]], [[Wetaskiwin, Alberta]]||<ref name=Skaarup>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=Canadian Warbird Survivors - A Handbook on where to find them |year=2001 |publisher=Writers Club Press |location=Nebraska |isbn=978-059520668-1}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||GXE||1810||N6513||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/247-WACO-GXE |title=WACO GXE - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|1928||GXE||1810||N6513||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref name=waaamus247>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/247-WACO-GXE |title=WACO GXE - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |access-date=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||ATO||A-4||NC5814||[[EAA AirVenture Museum]], [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Waco%2010_ATO.asp |title=Waco 10/ATO |publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/2__%20Master%20Aircraft%20List%20__.asp |title=Master Aircraft List|publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|1928||ATO||A-4||NC5814||[[EAA AirVenture Museum]], [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin]]||<ref name=airvent>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Waco%2010_ATO.asp |title=Waco 10/ATO |publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |access-date=2012-08-07}}</ref><ref name=airventMAL>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/2__%20Master%20Aircraft%20List%20__.asp |title=Master Aircraft List|publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |access-date=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1928||ATO||A-20||N6714||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/257-WACO-ATO-Taperwing |title=WACO ATO "Taperwing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|1928||ATO||A-20||N6714||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref name=waaamus257>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/257-WACO-ATO-Taperwing |title=WACO ATO "Taperwing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |access-date=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1929||ATO||A-65||CF-BPM||[[Reynolds-Alberta Museum]], [[Wetaskiwin]], [[Alberta]],<br/> previously owned by [[Vintage Wings of Canada]], [[Gatineau, Québec]]||<ref name="TCCAR">{{cite web|url = http://wwwapps2.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/ccarcs/aspscripts/en/quicksearch.asp|title = Canadian Civil Aircraft Register|accessdate = 7 August 2012|last = [[Transport Canada]]|date = August 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718042755/http://wwwapps2.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/ccarcs/aspscripts/en/quicksearch.asp|archivedate = 18 July 2011|df = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vintagewings.ca/Aircraft/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/19/language/en-CA/WACO-Taperwing-ATO.aspx |title=WACO Taperwing A.T.O. > Vintage Wings of Canada |publisher=Vintagewings.ca |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|1929||ATO||A-65||CF-BPM||[[Reynolds-Alberta Museum]], [[Wetaskiwin]], [[Alberta]],<br/> previously owned by [[Vintage Wings of Canada]], [[Gatineau, Québec]]||<ref name="TCCAR">{{cite web|url = http://wwwapps2.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/ccarcs/aspscripts/en/quicksearch.asp|title = Canadian Civil Aircraft Register|access-date = 7 August 2012|last = Transport Canada|author-link = Transport Canada|date = August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110718042755/http://wwwapps2.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/ccarcs/aspscripts/en/quicksearch.asp|archive-date = 18 July 2011}}</ref><ref name=vint>{{cite web|url=http://www.vintagewings.ca/Aircraft/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/19/language/en-CA/WACO-Taperwing-ATO.aspx |title=WACO Taperwing A.T.O. > Vintage Wings of Canada |publisher=Vintagewings.ca |access-date=2012-08-07}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1929||ATO||A-103||NC906H||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name="Fairchild24.com" />
|1929||ATO||A-103||NC906H||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name="Fairchild24.com" />
|-
|-
|1929||CTO||A-118||N13918||[[WACO Aircraft Museum]], [[Troy, Ohio]]||<ref name="FAAReg3">{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=13918|title = Make / Model Inquiry Results N13918 |accessdate = 7 August 2012|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date=August 2012}}</ref>
|1929||CTO||A-118||N13918||[[WACO Aircraft Museum]], [[Troy, Ohio]]||<ref name="FAAReg3">{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=13918|title = Make / Model Inquiry Results N13918 |access-date = 7 August 2012|last = Federal Aviation Administration|author-link = Federal Aviation Administration|date=August 2012}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1929||GXE||1869||NC8529||privately owned and based at [[Corning, Iowa]]||<ref>''Pilot'', December 2011, p.49</ref><ref name="FAAReg">{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=8529|title = Make / Model Inquiry Results N8529 |accessdate = 7 August 2012|last = [[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date=August 2012}}</ref>
|1929||GXE||1869||NC8529||privately owned and based at [[Corning, Iowa]]||<ref name="FAAReg">{{cite web|url = http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=8529|title = Make / Model Inquiry Results N8529 |access-date = 7 August 2012|last = Federal Aviation Administration|author-link = Federal Aviation Administration|date=August 2012}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1929||DSO||3006||N605N||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/246-WACO-DSO |title=WACO DSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|1929||DSO||3006||N605N||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref name=waaamus2467>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/246-WACO-DSO |title=WACO DSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |access-date=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1929||CSO||1657||N7662||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/244-WACO-CSO |title=WACO CSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|1929||CSO||1657||N7662||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref name=waaamus244>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/244-WACO-CSO |title=WACO CSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |access-date=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1929||CTO||AT-3005||N516M||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/245-WACO-CTO-%E2%80%9CTaper%20Wing%E2%80%9D |title=WACO CTO "Taper Wing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|1929||CTO||AT-3005||N516M||[[Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum]]||<ref name=waaamus245>{{cite web|url=http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/245-WACO-CTO-%E2%80%9CTaper%20Wing%E2%80%9D |title=WACO CTO "Taper Wing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum |publisher=Waaamuseum.org |access-date=2013-08-05}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1930||ATO||D-3128||NC663N||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref>Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, [http://www.historicaircraftrestorationmuseum.org/museumhangar1.html Museum Hangar 1, John Cournoyer's Wonderful Wacos], retrieved 5 August 2013</ref>
|1930||ATO||D-3128||NC663N||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name=HARM>{{cite web |title=Museum Hangar 1, John Cournoyer's Wonderful Wacos |url=http://www.historicaircraftrestorationmuseum.org/museumhangar1.html |website=Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|-
|1930||CSO||3140||N671N||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name="Fairchild24.com" />
|1930||CSO||3140||N671N||[[Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum]], [[Maryland Heights, Missouri]]||<ref name="Fairchild24.com" />
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==Specifications (Waco GXE)==
==Specifications (Waco GXE)==

{{aircraft specifications
{{Aircraft specs
|plane or copter?=plane
|ref= Aerofiles<ref name="Aerofiles">{{cite web|url = http://aerofiles.com/_waco.html|title = Waco|access-date = 2009-06-10|last = Aerofiles|date=April 2009}}</ref>
|jet or prop?=prop
|prime units?=imp
|ref= Aerofiles<ref name="Aerofiles">{{cite web|url = http://aerofiles.com/_waco.html|title = Waco|accessdate = 2009-06-10|last = Aerofiles|authorlink = |date=April 2009}}</ref>
<!--
|crew=one
General characteristics
|capacity=two passengers
-->
|payload main= 825 pounds (including pilot, fuel and oil)
|crew=1
|payload alt= 374 kg
|capacity=2 passengers
|length main= 23 ft 6 in
|length alt= 7.16 m
|length ft=23
|length in=6
|span main= 30 ft 7 in
|length note=
|span alt= 9.32 m
|span ft=30
|height main= 9 ft 0 in
|span in=7
|height alt= 2.74 m
|area main=
|span note=
|area alt= m
|height ft=9
|height in=0
|airfoil= [[Aeromarine|Aeromarine 2A]]
|height note=
|empty weight main= 1199 lb
|wing area sqft=
|empty weight alt= 545 kg
|wing area note=
|loaded weight main= 2025 lb
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|loaded weight alt= 920 kg
|airfoil=Aeromarine 2A<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|useful load main=
|empty weight lb=1199
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|max takeoff weight main=
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|gross weight lb=2025
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=
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|fuel capacity=
|more general=
|more general=
<!--
|engine (prop)= [[Curtiss OX-5]]
Powerplant
|type of prop=
-->
|number of props=1
|eng1 number=1
|power main= 90 hp
|eng1 name=[[Curtiss OX-5]]
|power alt= 67 kW
|eng1 type=V-8 water-cooled piston engine
|power original=
|eng1 hp=90
|max speed main= 97 mph
|eng1 note=
|max speed alt=156 km/h

|cruise speed main= 84 mph
|prop blade number=2
|cruise speed alt= 135 km/h
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller
|stall speed main= 37 mph
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|stall speed alt= 60&nbsp;km/h
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|never exceed speed main=
|prop dia note=
|never exceed speed alt=
<!--
|range main= 380 miles
Performance
|range alt= 610 km
-->
|ceiling main=
|max speed mph=97
|ceiling alt=
|max speed note=
|climb rate main= 500 ft/min
|cruise speed mph=84
|climb rate alt= 2.54 m/s
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|stall speed mph=37
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|thrust/weight=
|never exceed speed mph=
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|never exceed speed note=
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|range miles=380
|more performance=
|range note=
|avionics=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=500
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
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|more performance=<!--</br>
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->
}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation|US}}
{{Portal|Aviation|US}}

=== Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era ===
=== Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era ===
(Partial listing, only covers most numerous types)
(Partial listing, only covers most numerous types)
Line 215: Line 240:


==References==
==References==
{{commonscat}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Notes===
{{reflist|30em}}


===Bibliography===
==Further reading==
{{commons category}}
* [http://aerofiles.com/_waco.html Aerofiles - Waco Aircraft]
* {{cite book|last=Juptner|first=Joseph P.|title=U.S. Civil Aircraft|volume=1|location=Los Angeles, California|publisher=Aero Publishers, Inc.|year=1962|lccn=62-15967|oclc=29356554|url=https://archive.org/details/uscivilaircraft00jupt/page/81/mode/2up?q=Waco+10|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Juptner|first=Joseph P.|title=U.S. Civil Aircraft|volume=1|location=Los Angeles, California|publisher=Aero Publishers, Inc.|year=1962|isbn=9780816891665 |lccn=62-15967|oclc=29356554|url=https://archive.org/details/uscivilaircraft00jupt/page/81/mode/2up?q=Waco+10|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Brandly|first=Raymond H.|title=Waco Aircraft Production 1923-1942|location=Troy, Ohio|publisher=Waco Aircraft Co.|year=1986|edition=2nd|isbn=0-9602734-5-X}}
* {{cite book|last=Brandly|first=Raymond H.|title=Waco Aircraft Production 1923-1942|location=Troy, Ohio|publisher=Waco Aircraft Co.|year=1986|edition=2nd|isbn=0-9602734-5-X}}
* {{cite book|last=Kobernuss|first=Fred O.|title=Waco - Symbol of Courage and Excellence|publisher=Mystic Bay Publisher|year=1999|isbn=1-887961-01-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Kobernuss|first=Fred O.|title=Waco - Symbol of Courage and Excellence|publisher=Mystic Bay Publisher|year=1999|isbn=1-887961-01-1}}


{{Authority control}}
{{WACO}}
{{WACO}}
{{AvN aircraft designations}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1920s United States civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:1920s United States civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Aerobatic aircraft]]
[[Category:Aerobatic aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 01:04, 13 March 2024

Waco 10
Waco 10 giving joy rides.
Role light passenger transport
Manufacturer Advance Aircraft
Waco Aircraft Company
Designer Charles Meyers
First flight 1927
Introduction 1927
Produced 1927–1933
Waco 10 (or GXE) in the Canada Aviation Museum.

The Waco 10/GXE/Waco O series was a range of three-seat open-cockpit biplanes built by the Advance Aircraft Company, later the Waco Aircraft Company.

Design and development

[edit]

The Waco 10 was a larger span development of the Waco 9, both single-engined three-seat single-bay biplanes constructed around steel-tube frames. The wing covering was fabric, and both upper and lower planes carried ailerons, which were strut linked. The two passengers sat side by side in a cockpit under the upper wing and ahead of the pilot, who had a separate cockpit. It had a split-axle fixed undercarriage and a tailwheel. The main undercarriage was fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers, unusual at the time on a light aircraft. The fin could be trimmed on the ground to offset engine torque, and the tailplane could be trimmed in flight. Initially it was powered by a Curtiss OX-5 water-cooled 90° V-8 engine producing 90 hp (67 kW).

Its first flight was in 1927. It was numerically the most important type to be built by Waco, with at least 1,623 built over a period of 7 years from 1927 to 1933 and was fitted with a very large variety of engines of radial and V configuration.

Operational history

[edit]

The Waco 10 turned out to have excellent handling, and there was a ready supply of war-surplus Curtiss engines. It was widely used for the popularisation of aeronautics through barnstorming and joyrides, and was also much used as a trainer and by small operators for charter flights.

Variants

[edit]

In 1928, after the Waco 10 had entered production, Waco changed its designation system so that the basic model 10, powered by a 90 hp (67 kW) Curtiss OX-5 engine became the GXE.

1930 Waco ATO Taperwing at the Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum near St Louis
1929 Waco ATO Taperwing of Vintage Wings of Canada.
1929 Waco CTO at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort South Carolina

Later aircraft used three-letter designations, the first denoting the engine (except for the two mailplanes), the second denoting the wing installed, S or T meaning Straight or Tapered wing, and the final O indicating it was a derivative of the 10. An -A suffix indicated an armed variant intended for export.

Early
Designation		 Post-1928
Designation		 Marketing
Designation		 Engine Power
10 GXE 90 Curtiss OX-5 90 hp (67 kW)
10-W ASO 220-T Wright J-5 220 hp (160 kW)
10-T ATO Wright J-5 220 hp (160 kW)
BSO/BSO-A BS-165 Wright J-6-5 165 hp (123 kW)
CSO C-225 Wright J-6-7 225 hp (168 kW)
CTO Wright J-6-7 225 hp (168 kW)
10-H DSO Hispano-Suiza 8A or E 150–180 hp (110–130 kW)
HSO Packard DR-980 Diesel 225 hp (168 kW)
HTO Packard DR-980 Diesel 225 hp (168 kW)
JTO Wright J-6-9 300 hp (220 kW)
JYM Mailplane Wright J-6-9 300 hp (220 kW)
JWM Mailplane Wright J-6-9 330 hp (250 kW)
KSO Kinner K-5 100 hp (75 kW)
OSO Kinner C-5 210 hp (160 kW)
PSO Jacobs radials 140–170 hp (100–130 kW)
QSO Continental A70 165 hp (123 kW)
RSO Warner Scarab 110 hp (82 kW)
240-A Continental W-670 240 hp (180 kW)
300-A 300 hp radial 300 hp (220 kW)

Apart from the water-cooled V-8 Curtiss and Hispano-Suiza engines, all of the rest were air-cooled radials.

Other engines were fitted experimentally, without unique designations, including the Rausie, Ryan-Siemens, and 115 hp (86 kW) Milwaukee Tank engine. This last engine was an air-cooled version of the Curtiss OX-5, and was intended as an aircraft engine.

The JYM and JWM were mailplane derivatives with a 14" fuselage stretch.

In the 1990s the unrelated The WACO Aircraft Company in Forks, Washington offered a homebuilt kit version of the ATO model.[1]

The WACO 240-A was a straight-wing fighter, built for export, powered by 240 hp (180 kW) Wright engine. At least six were bought by the Cantonese Chinese aviation services. They were armed with twin .30 Browning machine guns and had racks for five 25 lb (11 kg) or two 100 lb (45 kg) bombs.[2]

There was also an export model WACO Pursuit 300T-A, with 300 hp (220 kW) Wright or Wasp Jr engine.[2]

Surviving aircraft

[edit]
Year Model Serial # Registration Location References
1927 GXE 781 N312DC Gatlinburg–Pigeon Forge Airport, Tennessee
1928 GXE 1388 N6675K Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [3]
1928 GXE 1464 NC4899 Ohio History Connection [4]
1928 GXE 1521 C-GAFD Canada Aviation and Space Museum, Ottawa, Ontario [5]
1928 GXE 1554 NC6974 Eagles Mere Air Museum at Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania [6]
1928 GXE 1586 NC5852 privately owned and based at Covington, Ohio [7][8]
1928 GXE 1644/3065 CF-AOI Reynolds-Alberta Museum, Wetaskiwin, Alberta [9]
1928 GXE 1810 N6513 Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [10]
1928 ATO A-4 NC5814 EAA AirVenture Museum, Oshkosh, Wisconsin [11][12]
1928 ATO A-20 N6714 Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [13]
1929 ATO A-65 CF-BPM Reynolds-Alberta Museum, Wetaskiwin, Alberta,
previously owned by Vintage Wings of Canada, Gatineau, Québec		 [14][15]
1929 ATO A-103 NC906H Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [3]
1929 CTO A-118 N13918 WACO Aircraft Museum, Troy, Ohio [16]
1929 GXE 1869 NC8529 privately owned and based at Corning, Iowa [17]
1929 DSO 3006 N605N Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [18]
1929 CSO 1657 N7662 Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [19]
1929 CTO AT-3005 N516M Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [20]
1930 ATO D-3128 NC663N Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [21]
1930 CSO 3140 N671N Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [3]
1932 CTO A-3596 NC280W Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [3]

Specifications (Waco GXE)

[edit]

Data from Aerofiles[22]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 2 passengers
  • Length: 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m)
  • Wingspan: 30 ft 7 in (9.32 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)
  • Airfoil: Aeromarine 2A[23]
  • Empty weight: 1,199 lb (544 kg)
  • Gross weight: 2,025 lb (919 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss OX-5 V-8 water-cooled piston engine, 90 hp (67 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 97 mph (156 km/h, 84 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 84 mph (135 km/h, 73 kn)
  • Stall speed: 37 mph (60 km/h, 32 kn)
  • Range: 380 mi (610 km, 330 nmi)
  • Rate of climb: 500 ft/min (2.5 m/s)

See also

[edit]

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

[edit]

(Partial listing, only covers most numerous types)

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Purdy, Don (July 15, 1998). AeroCrafter homebuilt aircraft sourcebook (5th ed.). Benicia, Calif.: BAI Communications. p. 288. ISBN 0963640941.
  2. ^ a b Forman, Harrison (September 1934). "American warplanes in China". Popular Aviation: 151–152.
  3. ^ a b c d "Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum". Fairchild24.com. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  4. ^ "Where is it now. Collections from the Former Ohio History of Flight Museum". Ohio History Connection Blog. Ohio History Connection. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  5. ^ "Waco 10 (GXE) – Canada Aviation and Space Museum". Aviation.technomuses.ca. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  6. ^ "1928 Waco GXE Eagles Mere Air Museum". eaglesmereairmuseum.org/index.shtml. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  7. ^ Rose, Scott (March 18, 2002). "Vintage Registry - A Warbirds Resource Group Site - Waco". Vintage.warbirdregistry.org. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  8. ^ Federal Aviation Administration (August 2012). "Make / Model Inquiry Results N5852". Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  9. ^ Skaarup, Harold A. (2001). Canadian Warbird Survivors - A Handbook on where to find them. Nebraska: Writers Club Press. ISBN 978-059520668-1.
  10. ^ "WACO GXE - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  11. ^ "Waco 10/ATO". Airventuremuseum.org. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  12. ^ "Master Aircraft List". Airventuremuseum.org. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  13. ^ "WACO ATO "Taperwing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  14. ^ Transport Canada (August 2012). "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register". Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  15. ^ "WACO Taperwing A.T.O. > Vintage Wings of Canada". Vintagewings.ca. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  16. ^ Federal Aviation Administration (August 2012). "Make / Model Inquiry Results N13918". Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  17. ^ Federal Aviation Administration (August 2012). "Make / Model Inquiry Results N8529". Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  18. ^ "WACO DSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  19. ^ "WACO CSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  20. ^ "WACO CTO "Taper Wing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  21. ^ "Museum Hangar 1, John Cournoyer's Wonderful Wacos". Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  22. ^ Aerofiles (April 2009). "Waco". Retrieved June 10, 2009.
  23. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved April 16, 2019.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Waco 10.
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