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{{Short description|American Banker (1796-1876)}}
{{Notability|date=December 2015}}
[[File:George Linen - James Gallatin (1796-1876) - 1943.134 - Fogg Museum.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of Gallatin by George Linen, 1837, [[Fogg Art Museum]]]]


'''James Gallatin''' (December 18, 1796 – May 29, 1876)<ref name="merchants">{{cite journal|url=http://books.google.com/?id=M4woAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA97&dq=%22james+gallatin%22+1796&q=%22james%20gallatin%22%201796|author1=Homans, Isaac Smith|title=James Gallatin, of New York|work=[[Commercial & Financial Chronicle|The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review]]|volume=51|issue=2|date=August 1864|pages=97–105|accessdate=December 28, 2015}}</ref><ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C05E2D7143FE63BBC4850DFB366838D669FDE|title=OBITUARY.; CAPT. JEREMIAH BRIGGS. JAMES GALLATIN. WHO OWNS THE TRIBUNE...|date=May 30, 1876|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 28, 2015}}</ref> was the son of [[Albert Gallatin]], the man who helped broker the [[Treaty of Ghent]], which ended the [[War of 1812]] between Britain and the United States. James acted as his father's personal secretary during this diplomatic trip. His journal entries from this voyage were published in the September 1914 issue of ''[[Scribner's Magazine]]'' and include a detailed historical account of the negotiations and infighting between the American representatives as well as with the British delegates.
'''James Gallatin''' (December 18, 1796 – May 29, 1876)<ref name="merchants">{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M4woAAAAYAAJ&q=%22james%20gallatin%22%201796&pg=PA97|author1=Homans, Isaac Smith|title=James Gallatin, of New York|journal=[[Commercial & Financial Chronicle|The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review]]|volume=51|issue=2|date=August 1864|pages=97–105|accessdate=December 28, 2015}}</ref> was an American banker who was the son of [[Albert Gallatin]].


==Early life==
However, Raymond Walters, biographer of Albert Gallatin, and other historians believe the diary to be a forgery.<ref name="American Historical Review">{{cite journal|jstor=1845518|title=The James Gallatin Diary: A Fraud?|date=July 1957|author=Raymond Walters, Jr.|pages=878–85|volume= 62|issue=4|journal=[[The American Historical Review]]|doi=10.2307/1845518}}</ref> Walters wrote "... I reached the conclusion that the diary is a complete fraud."<ref name="hoaxdiary"/>
He was the eldest of two sons and four daughters born to Hannah ({{nee}} Nicholson) Gallatin and Albert Gallatin, the 4th [[U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]] who served as the [[U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom]] and [[U.S. Ambassador to France|France]]. His siblings were Catherine, Sophia, Hannah Marie, Frances, and Albert Rolaz Gallatin. Catherine, Sophia and Hannah Marie died as infants while his sister Frances married Byam Kerby Stevens (a son of Gen. [[Ebenezer Stevens]]) and his brother Albert Rolaz married Mary Lucille Stevens (a granddaughter of Gen. Stevens).<ref name="New York Times"/>


His father was born to a wealthy family in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], the son of Jean Gallatin and his wife Sophie Albertine Rollaz. His maternal grandparents were Frances Witter Nicholson and Commodore [[James Nicholson (naval officer)|James Nicholson]], an officer in the [[Continental Navy]] during the [[American Revolution|Revolutionary War]]. His grandfather was from a well-connected Maryland family and was the elder brother to [[Samuel Nicholson|Samuel]] and [[John Nicholson (naval officer)|John Nicholson]], both of whom were also officers in the Continental Navy.<ref name="Hagan1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613085314/http://www.ussconstitutionmuseum.org/collections/ussc-history/captains.htm#nicholson USS Constitution Museum]</ref>
⚫
Walters notes that no manuscript for the diary has survived or was ever known to have been seen by anybody other than James Francis Gallatin. James Francis styled himself Count Gallatin, though his right to the title was disputed, but he was known to his own family as "bad Jimmy".<ref name="hoaxdiary">[http://thenewsfromwaterloo.com/the-hoax-diary.html "The Hoax Diary"], thenewsfromwaterloo.com; accessed December 28, 2015.</ref>


==Career==
After the success at Ghent, the Gallatins traveled to France just as [[Napoleon]] arrived at [[Cannes]] after escaping [[Elba]]. James' diary includes a detailed look into the lives of the nobles as they faced the threat of Napoleon's return. At one point, he is asked by the famous artist [[Jacques-Louis David]] to sit as a cherub for his painting [[l'Amour et Psyche]]:<blockquote>
While his father helped broker the [[Treaty of Ghent]], which ended the [[War of 1812]] between Britain and the United States, James acted as his personal secretary during this diplomatic trip. After the success at Ghent, the Gallatins traveled to France just as [[Napoleon]] arrived at [[Cannes]] after escaping [[Elba]]. James' diary includes a detailed look into the lives of the nobles as they faced the threat of Napoleon's return. At one point, he is asked by the famous artist [[Jacques-Louis David]] to sit as a cherub for his painting [[Love and Psyche (David)|l'Amour et Psyche]]:
⚫
3 March 1815. — We were received privately this morning by the King, only the Duchesse d'Angouleme was present. She looked very sad. The King moved to the embrasure of a window, motioning to Father to follow him, they remained in conversation for a quarter of an hour. Amongst other things His Majesty intimated a wish that Father would be sent as Minister to Paris adding, "you must not forget that your family belonged to France, before you belonged to America." The Duchess talked to me most graciously, asked me about my Mother and said "You are too young to begin political life. I assured her I was 18; she exclaimed "Mais c'est un bebe." Monsieur David the great Artist has requested Father to allow me to pose to him for Cupid, Father has consented and I sit tomorrow.</blockquote>


⚫
<blockquote>3 March 1815. — We were received privately this morning by the King, only the Duchesse d'Angouleme was present. She looked very sad. The King moved to the embrasure of a window, motioning to Father to follow him, they remained in conversation for a quarter of an hour. Amongst other things His Majesty intimated a wish that Father would be sent as Minister to Paris adding, "you must not forget that your family belonged to France, before you belonged to America." The Duchess talked to me most graciously, asked me about my Mother and said "You are too young to begin political life. I assured her I was 18; she exclaimed "Mais c'est un bebe." Monsieur David the great Artist has requested Father to allow me to pose to him for Cupid, Father has consented and I sit tomorrow.</blockquote>
⚫
James Gallatin succeeded his father as the president of the [[Gallatin National Bank]] in 1839.<ref name="merchants"/> After his retirement in 1868 he resided in Paris, where he died.<ref name="New York Times"/>


⚫
Gallatin succeeded his father as the president of the [[Gallatin National Bank]] in 1839.<ref name="merchants"/> After his retirement in 1868 he relocated to [[Paris]], [[France]].<ref name="New York Times"/>
==Works==
*{{cite book|author1=James Gallatin|author2=[[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|Viscount Bryce]] (introduction)|editor=Count Albert Gallatin|url=http://books.google.com/?id=oedCAAAAIAAJ|title=A Great Peace Maker: The Diary of James Gallatin, Secretary to Albert Gallatin, 1813 to 1827 (1914)|publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC|date=2007|isbn=0-548-01374-8|}}


===Published journal===
==Notes==
His journal entries from his 1814-15 voyage were published in the September 1914 issue of ''[[Scribner's Magazine]]'' and include a detailed historical account of the negotiations and infighting between the American representatives as well as with the British delegates.<ref name="Gallatin1914">{{cite book|author1=James Gallatin|author2=[[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|Viscount Bryce]] (introduction)|editor=Count Albert Gallatin|url=https://archive.org/details/agreatpeacemake01gallgoog|title=A Great Peace Maker: The Diary of James Gallatin, Secretary to Albert Gallatin, 1813 to 1827 (1914)|year=1914|publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC|isbn=0-548-01374-8}}</ref> However, Raymond Walters, biographer of Albert Gallatin, and other historians believe the diary to be a forgery. Walters wrote "... I reached the conclusion that the diary is a complete fraud."<ref name="hoaxdiary"/> Walters notes that no manuscript for the diary has survived or was ever known to have been seen by anybody other than James Gallatin.<ref name="American Historical Review">{{cite journal|jstor=1845518|title=The James Gallatin Diary: A Fraud?|date=July 1957|author=Raymond Walters, Jr.|pages=878–85|volume= 62|issue=4|journal=[[The American Historical Review]]|doi=10.2307/1845518}}</ref>
⚫
{{reflist}}


==Personal life==
[[File:George Linen - Josephine Marie Henriette Pascault Gallatin (Mrs. James Gallatin) (1801-1885) and her son, Albert Gallatin II (1830-1930) - 1943.135 - Fogg Museum.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait of his wife, Josephine, and their son, Albert Gallatin II, {{circa|1837}}–1840, Fogg Museum]]
In April 1834, after deciding against marrying Eliza Astor, the youngest daughter of [[John Jacob Astor]],<ref name="Dungan2010">{{cite book |last1=Dungan |first1=Nicholas |title=Gallatin: America's Swiss Founding Father |date=28 September 2010 |publisher=[[NYU Press]] |isbn=978-0-8147-2111-7 |page=139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZyTbDynRp8C |access-date=28 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Gallatin was married to Josephine Mary Pascault (1801–1885), a daughter of [[Louis Pascault, Marquis de Poleon]], who built [[Pascault Row]] in Baltimore.<ref name="Thomas">{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=David |last2=Donnelly |first2=Theresa |title=Pascault Row |url=https://explore.baltimoreheritage.org/items/show/107 |website=explore.baltimoreheritage.org |publisher=Explore Baltimore Heritage |access-date=28 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Walters1957">{{cite book |last1=Walters |first1=Raymond |title=Albert Gallatin: Jeffersonian Financier and Diplomat |date=15 October 1957 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |isbn=978-0-8229-7408-6 |pages=327, 346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iblLLoDdNkAC |access-date=28 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Her elder sister Henriette married the French General [[Jean-Jacques Reubell]] (who came to Baltimore with [[Jerome Bonaparte]], later [[King of Westphalia]]) and her other sister, Eleanora, married Gen. [[Columbus O'Donnell]] of Baltimore.<ref name="AIObit1905">{{cite news|title=ADRIAN ISELIN DEAD AT HIS CITY HOME; Banker's Illness Developed Into General Breakdown. NEW ROCHELLE'S BENEFACTOR Rumor That He Was Deathbed Convert to Roman Catholic Church, to Which He Gave Much.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1905/03/29/archives/adrian-iselin-dead-at-his-city-home-bankers-illness-developed-into.html|access-date=2 March 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 March 1905}}</ref> Together, they were the parents of:<ref name="Dungan2010"/>

* Albert Gallatin II (1825–1858), who married Henrietta Duer Robinson (1828–1893), a daughter of [[Morris Robinson (businessman)|Morris Robinson]] and Henrietta Elizabeth ({{nee}} Duer) Robinson (a daughter of [[Continental Congress]]man [[William Duer (Continental congressman)|William Duer]]).
* Andrew Gallatin (b. 1826), who died young.

⚫
James styled himself Count Gallatin, though his right to the title was disputed, but he was known to his own family as "bad Jimmy".<ref name="hoaxdiary">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125158/https://thenewsfromwaterloo.com/the-hoax-diary.html] archive of http://thenewsfromwaterloo.com/the-hoax-diary.html "The Hoax Diary", thenewsfromwaterloo.com; accessed December 28, 2015.</ref>

Gallatin died on May 29, 1876, in Paris.<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C05E2D7143FE63BBC4850DFB366838D669FDE|title=OBITUARY.; CAPT. JEREMIAH BRIGGS. JAMES GALLATIN. WHO OWNS THE TRIBUNE...|date=May 30, 1876|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 28, 2015}}</ref> His widow also died in Paris in 1885.<ref name="MrsGallatin1885">{{cite news |title=DEATH OF MRS. GALLATIN IN PARIS. From the Baltimore Sun, Oct. 17. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1885/10/19/archives/death-of-mrs-gallatin-in-paris-from-the-baltimore-sun-oct-17.html |access-date=28 October 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=19 October 1885}}</ref>

==References==
⚫
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/230256?position=0 James Gallatin (1796-1876)] at the [[Harvard Art Museum]]
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gallatin, James}}
[[Category:People of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:American people of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:1876 deaths]]
[[Category:1796 births]]
[[Category:1796 births]]

Latest revision as of 11:23, 24 May 2024

Portrait of Gallatin by George Linen, 1837, Fogg Art Museum

James Gallatin (December 18, 1796 – May 29, 1876)[1] was an American banker who was the son of Albert Gallatin.

Early life

[edit]

He was the eldest of two sons and four daughters born to Hannah (née Nicholson) Gallatin and Albert Gallatin, the 4th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury who served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom and France. His siblings were Catherine, Sophia, Hannah Marie, Frances, and Albert Rolaz Gallatin. Catherine, Sophia and Hannah Marie died as infants while his sister Frances married Byam Kerby Stevens (a son of Gen. Ebenezer Stevens) and his brother Albert Rolaz married Mary Lucille Stevens (a granddaughter of Gen. Stevens).[2]

His father was born to a wealthy family in Geneva, Switzerland, the son of Jean Gallatin and his wife Sophie Albertine Rollaz. His maternal grandparents were Frances Witter Nicholson and Commodore James Nicholson, an officer in the Continental Navy during the Revolutionary War. His grandfather was from a well-connected Maryland family and was the elder brother to Samuel and John Nicholson, both of whom were also officers in the Continental Navy.[3]

Career

[edit]

While his father helped broker the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States, James acted as his personal secretary during this diplomatic trip. After the success at Ghent, the Gallatins traveled to France just as Napoleon arrived at Cannes after escaping Elba. James' diary includes a detailed look into the lives of the nobles as they faced the threat of Napoleon's return. At one point, he is asked by the famous artist Jacques-Louis David to sit as a cherub for his painting l'Amour et Psyche:

3 March 1815. — We were received privately this morning by the King, only the Duchesse d'Angouleme was present. She looked very sad. The King moved to the embrasure of a window, motioning to Father to follow him, they remained in conversation for a quarter of an hour. Amongst other things His Majesty intimated a wish that Father would be sent as Minister to Paris adding, "you must not forget that your family belonged to France, before you belonged to America." The Duchess talked to me most graciously, asked me about my Mother and said "You are too young to begin political life. I assured her I was 18; she exclaimed "Mais c'est un bebe." Monsieur David the great Artist has requested Father to allow me to pose to him for Cupid, Father has consented and I sit tomorrow.

Gallatin succeeded his father as the president of the Gallatin National Bank in 1839.[1] After his retirement in 1868 he relocated to Paris, France.[2]

Published journal

[edit]

His journal entries from his 1814-15 voyage were published in the September 1914 issue of Scribner's Magazine and include a detailed historical account of the negotiations and infighting between the American representatives as well as with the British delegates.[4] However, Raymond Walters, biographer of Albert Gallatin, and other historians believe the diary to be a forgery. Walters wrote "... I reached the conclusion that the diary is a complete fraud."[5] Walters notes that no manuscript for the diary has survived or was ever known to have been seen by anybody other than James Gallatin.[6]

Personal life

[edit]
Portrait of his wife, Josephine, and their son, Albert Gallatin II, c. 1837–1840, Fogg Museum

In April 1834, after deciding against marrying Eliza Astor, the youngest daughter of John Jacob Astor,[7] Gallatin was married to Josephine Mary Pascault (1801–1885), a daughter of Louis Pascault, Marquis de Poleon, who built Pascault Row in Baltimore.[8][9] Her elder sister Henriette married the French General Jean-Jacques Reubell (who came to Baltimore with Jerome Bonaparte, later King of Westphalia) and her other sister, Eleanora, married Gen. Columbus O'Donnell of Baltimore.[10] Together, they were the parents of:[7]

James styled himself Count Gallatin, though his right to the title was disputed, but he was known to his own family as "bad Jimmy".[5]

Gallatin died on May 29, 1876, in Paris.[2] His widow also died in Paris in 1885.[11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Homans, Isaac Smith (August 1864). "James Gallatin, of New York". The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review. 51 (2): 97–105. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "OBITUARY.; CAPT. JEREMIAH BRIGGS. JAMES GALLATIN. WHO OWNS THE TRIBUNE..." The New York Times. May 30, 1876. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  3. ^ USS Constitution Museum
  4. ^ James Gallatin; Viscount Bryce (introduction) (1914). Count Albert Gallatin (ed.). A Great Peace Maker: The Diary of James Gallatin, Secretary to Albert Gallatin, 1813 to 1827 (1914). Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 0-548-01374-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b [1] archive of http://thenewsfromwaterloo.com/the-hoax-diary.html "The Hoax Diary", thenewsfromwaterloo.com; accessed December 28, 2015.
  6. ^ Raymond Walters, Jr. (July 1957). "The James Gallatin Diary: A Fraud?". The American Historical Review. 62 (4): 878–85. doi:10.2307/1845518. JSTOR 1845518.
  7. ^ a b Dungan, Nicholas (28 September 2010). Gallatin: America's Swiss Founding Father. NYU Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-8147-2111-7. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  8. ^ Thomas, David; Donnelly, Theresa. "Pascault Row". explore.baltimoreheritage.org. Explore Baltimore Heritage. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  9. ^ Walters, Raymond (15 October 1957). Albert Gallatin: Jeffersonian Financier and Diplomat. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 327, 346. ISBN 978-0-8229-7408-6. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  10. ^ "ADRIAN ISELIN DEAD AT HIS CITY HOME; Banker's Illness Developed Into General Breakdown. NEW ROCHELLE'S BENEFACTOR Rumor That He Was Deathbed Convert to Roman Catholic Church, to Which He Gave Much". The New York Times. 29 March 1905. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  11. ^ "DEATH OF MRS. GALLATIN IN PARIS. From the Baltimore Sun, Oct. 17". The New York Times. 19 October 1885. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
[edit]
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