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{{short description|Pharmaceutical company}}
⚫
{{short description|Pharmaceutical company}}'''Vyera Pharmaceuticals''' (formerly '''Turing Pharmaceuticals''') is a [[pharmaceutical]] company, with offices in [[New York City]]. The company started to do business in the US as Vyera Pharmaceuticals in September 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Corporation Filings 08/27/2017 to 09/03/2017|url=https://coraweb.sos.la.gov/Newsletters/NewsLetter_20170905.txt|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oxytocin intranasal - Vyera Pharmaceuticals|url=http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039450|publisher=AdisInsight|access-date=24 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>

⚫
The company has two marketed products: Daraprim ([[pyrimethamine]]), for the treatment of [[toxoplasmosis]], and Vecamyl ([[mecamylamine]] hydrochloride) for the treatment of [[hypertension]]. The company was widely criticized for raising the price of daraprim by 5456% following its acquisition of rights to the drug in 2015. After the price raise of the drug, CEO [[Martin Shkreli]] faced immense criticism for his actions.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weintraub|first1=Arlene|title=Gadfly Pharma Investor Shkreli Starts Anew After Ousting From Retrophin|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/arleneweintraub/2015/02/27/gadfly-pharma-investor-shkreli-starts-anew-after-ousting-from-retrophin/|access-date=19 December 2015|work=Forbes.com|date=February 27, 2015}}</ref> The company was named after [[Alan Turing]], the computer scientist.

⚫
==Background==
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Vyera Pharmaceuticals
| name = Vyera Pharmaceuticals
Line 9: Line 5:
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| traded_as =
| key_people = Justin Garrett<ref>{{cite web|title=Leadership Team|url=https://www.turingpharma.com/about/leadership/|website=Turing Pharmaceuticals|access-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> <br /> <small>[[Chief Executive Officer]]</small>
| industry = [[Pharmaceuticals]]
| industry = [[Pharmaceuticals]]
| products = Vecamyl, Daraprim
| products = Vecamyl, Daraprim
| homepage = {{URL|www.vyera.com}}
| homepage = {{URL|www.vyera.com}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|2015|2}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|2015|2}}
| founder = {{plainlist|
⚫
| location = [[New York City]]
* [[Martin Shkreli]]
}}
⚫
| location = [[New York City]] and [[Zug]], [[Switzerland]]
}}
}}


⚫
'''Vyera Pharmaceuticals''' (formerly '''Turing Pharmaceuticals''') is a [[pharmaceutical]] company incorporated in [[Zug]], [[Switzerland]], with offices in [[New York City]]. The company started to do business in the US as Vyera Pharmaceuticals in September 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Corporation Filings 08/27/2017 to 09/03/2017|url=https://coraweb.sos.la.gov/Newsletters/NewsLetter_20170905.txt|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|access-date=24 September 2017|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115132447/https://coraweb.sos.la.gov/Newsletters/NewsLetter_20170905.txt|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oxytocin intranasal - Vyera Pharmaceuticals|url=http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039450|publisher=AdisInsight|access-date=24 September 2017|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
Turing Pharmaceuticals was launched in February 2015 by [[Martin Shkreli]] with the acquisition of three major assets from an [[orphan drug]] developer called Retrophin: an intranasal formulation of [[ketamine]], an [[oxytocin]] nasal solution, and Vecamyl.<ref>{{cite news|title=Launch of Turing Pharmaceuticals Announced – New Drug Company to Focus on Treating Unmet Medical Needs Across Broad Therapeutic Areas|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=launch-of-turing-pharmaceuticals-announced-%25e2%2580%2593-new-drug-company-to-focus-on-treating-unmet-medical-needs-across-broad-therapeutic-areas|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=February 24, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150926154652/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=launch-of-turing-pharmaceuticals-announced-%e2%80%93-new-drug-company-to-focus-on-treating-unmet-medical-needs-across-broad-therapeutic-areas|archive-date=26 September 2015}}</ref> The company acquired the US marketing rights to Daraprim from [[Impax Laboratories]] in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Acquires U.S. Marketing Rights to DARAPRIM® (pyrimethamine)|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-acquires-u.s.-marketing-rights-to-daraprim%25c2%25ae-%28pyrimethamine%29|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=August 10, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160304075557/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-acquires-u.s.-marketing-rights-to-daraprim%25c2%25ae-(pyrimethamine)|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

⚫
The company has two marketed products: Daraprim ([[pyrimethamine]]), for the treatment of [[toxoplasmosis]], and Vecamyl ([[mecamylamine]] hydrochloride) for the treatment of [[hypertension]]. The company was widely criticized for raising the price of daraprim by 5456% following its acquisition of rights to the drug in 2015. The company's stock price dropped around 10% after the price increase of the drug.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mullin|first1=Emily|title=Turing Pharma Says Daraprim Availability Will Be Unaffected By Shkreli Arrest|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilymullin/2015/12/21/turing-pharma-says-daraprim-availability-will-be-unaffected-by-shkreli-arrest/#413f1fb52e82|access-date=2 February 2016|work=Forbes.com|date=February 27, 2015}}</ref> CEO [[Martin Shkreli]] faced immense criticism for his actions.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weintraub|first1=Arlene|title=Gadfly Pharma Investor Shkreli Starts Anew After Ousting From Retrophin|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/arleneweintraub/2015/02/27/gadfly-pharma-investor-shkreli-starts-anew-after-ousting-from-retrophin/|access-date=19 December 2015|work=Forbes.com|date=February 27, 2015}}</ref> The company was previously named after [[Alan Turing]], the computer scientist.

On May 10, 2023, Vyera filed for [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/convicted-pharma-fraudster-shkrelis-companies-file-for-bankruptcy-a920a984|title=Convicted pharma fraudster Shkreli's companies file for bankruptcy|date=May 10, 2023|access-date=May 10, 2023|website=Wall Street Journal|language=en}}</ref>

⚫
==Background==
⚫
Turing Pharmaceuticals was launched in February 2015 by [[Martin Shkreli]] with the acquisition of three major assets from an [[orphan drug]] developer called Retrophin: an intranasal formulation of [[ketamine]], an [[oxytocin]] nasal solution, and Vecamyl.<ref>{{cite news|title=Launch of Turing Pharmaceuticals Announced – New Drug Company to Focus on Treating Unmet Medical Needs Across Broad Therapeutic Areas|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=launch-of-turing-pharmaceuticals-announced-%25e2%2580%2593-new-drug-company-to-focus-on-treating-unmet-medical-needs-across-broad-therapeutic-areas|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=February 24, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150926154652/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=launch-of-turing-pharmaceuticals-announced-%e2%80%93-new-drug-company-to-focus-on-treating-unmet-medical-needs-across-broad-therapeutic-areas|archive-date=26 September 2015}}</ref> The company acquired the US marketing rights to Daraprim from [[Impax Laboratories]] in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Acquires U.S. Marketing Rights to DARAPRIM® (pyrimethamine)|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-acquires-u.s.-marketing-rights-to-daraprim%25c2%25ae-%28pyrimethamine%29|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=August 10, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160304075557/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-acquires-u.s.-marketing-rights-to-daraprim%25c2%25ae-(pyrimethamine)|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>


In September 2015, Turing raised the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 a tablet. This increase prompted widespread criticism of the company from many quarters, including the pharmaceutical industry itself.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Timmermann|first1=Like|title=A Timeline of the Turing Pharma Controversy|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/luketimmerman/2015/09/23/a-timeline-of-the-turing-pharma-controversy/|access-date=19 December 2015|work=Forbes.com|date=September 23, 2015}}</ref>
In September 2015, Turing raised the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 a tablet. This increase prompted widespread criticism of the company from many quarters, including the pharmaceutical industry itself.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Timmermann|first1=Like|title=A Timeline of the Turing Pharma Controversy|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/luketimmerman/2015/09/23/a-timeline-of-the-turing-pharma-controversy/|access-date=19 December 2015|work=Forbes.com|date=September 23, 2015}}</ref>
Line 23: Line 30:


==Daraprim==
==Daraprim==
Daraprim is the trade name for the drug [[pyrimethamine]], which is indicated for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in combination with a [[sulfonamide]], and has been available since 1953.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The Washington Post]]|title=CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a 'moron' for asking why|author= Ariana Eunjung Cha |date=2015-09-22|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/09/21/ceo-of-company-that-raised-the-price-of-old-pill-hundreds-of-dollars-overnight-calls-journalist-a-moron-for-asking-why/}}</ref> At the time of the Daraprim acquisition Turing Pharmaceuticals indicated that it intended to develop new toxoplasmosis drug candidates with better [[ADME]] than Daraprim.
Daraprim is the trade name for the drug [[pyrimethamine]], which is indicated for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in combination with a [[sulfonamide]], and has been available since 1953.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|title=CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a 'moron' for asking why|author= Ariana Eunjung Cha |date=2015-09-22|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/09/21/ceo-of-company-that-raised-the-price-of-old-pill-hundreds-of-dollars-overnight-calls-journalist-a-moron-for-asking-why/}}</ref> At the time of the Daraprim acquisition Turing Pharmaceuticals indicated that it intended to develop new toxoplasmosis drug candidates with better [[ADME]] than Daraprim.


In response to criticisms of the September 2015 price increases, Turing Pharmaceuticals announced various patient affordability and access initiatives<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals LLC Announces Improvements in Daraprim Accessibility and Affordability|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-llc-announces-improvements-in-daraprim-accessibility-and-affordability|access-date=19 December 2015|agency=Turingpharma.com|date=October 13, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125632/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-llc-announces-improvements-in-daraprim-accessibility-and-affordability|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> and in November 2015 the company reduced the cost of Daraprim for hospitals by up to 50% of the increased rate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Reduces Cost of Daraprim® (pyrimethamine)|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-reduces-cost-of-daraprim%2526reg%253b-%28pyrimethamine%29%250d%250a|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=November 24, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134852/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-reduces-cost-of-daraprim%2526reg%253b-%28pyrimethamine%29%250d%250a|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> Despite these partial rollbacks to the initial price increase, according to February 2, 2016, memo from Representative [[Elijah Cummings]] to the [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]], since Turing's acquisition to the rights in Daraprim, the drug has gone from being affordable and readily available to being prohibitively expensive.<ref>http://democrats.oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/Memo%20on%20Turing%20Documents.pdf</ref>
In response to criticisms of the September 2015 price increases, Turing Pharmaceuticals announced various patient affordability and access initiatives<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals LLC Announces Improvements in Daraprim Accessibility and Affordability|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-llc-announces-improvements-in-daraprim-accessibility-and-affordability|access-date=19 December 2015|agency=Turingpharma.com|date=October 13, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125632/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-llc-announces-improvements-in-daraprim-accessibility-and-affordability|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> and in November 2015 the company reduced the cost of Daraprim for hospitals by up to 50% of the increased rate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Reduces Cost of Daraprim® (pyrimethamine)|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-reduces-cost-of-daraprim%2526reg%253b-%28pyrimethamine%29%250d%250a|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=November 24, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134852/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-reduces-cost-of-daraprim%2526reg%253b-%28pyrimethamine%29%250d%250a|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> Despite these partial rollbacks to the initial price increase, according to February 2, 2016, memo from Representative [[Elijah Cummings]] to the [[United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]], since Turing's acquisition to the rights in Daraprim, the drug has gone from being affordable and readily available to being prohibitively expensive.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://democrats.oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/Memo%20on%20Turing%20Documents.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-02-04 |archive-date=2016-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320035448/http://democrats.oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/Memo%20on%20Turing%20Documents.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In January 2020 the FTC filed a case against Vyera "alleging an elaborate anticompetitive scheme to preserve a monopoly for the life-saving drug, Daraprim".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/161-0001/vyera-pharmaceuticals-llc|title=Vyera Pharmaceuticals, LLC|date=January 27, 2020|website=[[Federal Trade Commission]]}}</ref> A settlement was reached in December 2021. According to [[AP News]], the settlement "requires Vyera and Phoenixus to provide up to $40 million in relief over 10 years to consumers who allegedly were fleeced by their actions and requires them to make Daraprim available to any potential generic competitor at the cost of producing the drug."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-health-federal-trade-commission-martin-shkreli-98e0a8b6be3dc6901153610756cbb58a|title='Pharma Bro' firm reaches $40M settlement in gouging case|date=December 8, 2021|website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> According to [[Law360]], Kevin Mulleady "agreed to a seven-year ban on working for or holding more than an 8% share in most pharmaceutical companies."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law360.com/articles/1446580/former-shkreli-co-inks-deal-worth-up-to-40m-with-ftc-ags|title=Former Shkreli Co. Inks Deal Worth Up To $40M With FTC, AGs - Law360|website=[[Law360]]|date=December 7, 2021|first=Bryan|last=Koenig}}</ref>
In January 2020 the FTC filed a case against Vyera "alleging an elaborate anticompetitive scheme to preserve a monopoly for the life-saving drug, Daraprim".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/cases-proceedings/161-0001/vyera-pharmaceuticals-llc|title=Vyera Pharmaceuticals, LLC|date=January 27, 2020|website=[[Federal Trade Commission]]}}</ref> A settlement was reached in December 2021. According to [[AP News]], the settlement "requires Vyera and Phoenixus to provide up to $40 million in relief over 10 years to consumers who allegedly were fleeced by their actions and requires them to make Daraprim available to any potential generic competitor at the cost of producing the drug."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-health-federal-trade-commission-martin-shkreli-98e0a8b6be3dc6901153610756cbb58a|title='Pharma Bro' firm reaches $40M settlement in gouging case|date=December 8, 2021|website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> According to [[Law360]], Kevin Mulleady "agreed to a seven-year ban on working for or holding more than an 8% share in most pharmaceutical companies."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law360.com/articles/1446580/former-shkreli-co-inks-deal-worth-up-to-40m-with-ftc-ags|title=Former Shkreli Co. Inks Deal Worth Up To $40M With FTC, AGs - Law360|website=[[Law360]]|date=December 7, 2021|first=Bryan|last=Koenig}}</ref>
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Vecamyl is currently indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
Vecamyl is currently indicated for the treatment of hypertension.


===References===
==Pipeline==

===Syntocinon===
This product, also called TUR-001, is Turing Pharmaceuticals' oxytocin nasal solution. Syntocinon, short for 'synthetic oxytocin', was first introduced by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Sandoz in 1956. The product had gained FDA approval in 1960 to assist in initial [[lactation|postpartum milk ejection]], but was discontinued by Sandoz's successor company, [[Novartis]], in 1997 because of poor sales. Retrophin had [[Manufacturing license|license]]d the product from Novartis in December 2013 in order to bring it back to the market for postpartum milk ejection as well as look into its use in the treatment of [[schizophrenia]] and [[autism]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Retrophin Signs U.S. License Agreement for Syntocinon™ Nasal Spray (Oxytocin)|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131212005564/en/Retrophin-Signs-U.S.-License-Agreement-Syntocinon%E2%84%A2-Nasal|access-date=19 December 2015|agency=Business Wire|date=December 12, 2013}}</ref> Turing Pharmaceuticals is preparing for a Phase III in lactation and other indications are planned.

===TUR-002===
This product is Turing Pharmaceuticals' intranasal formulation of racemic [[ketamine]]. The company is working on the product for the treatment of [[Suicidal ideation|suicidality]].

===TUR-004===
This product is under development for the treatment of seizures associated with severe [[epilepsy]] disorders. Turing Pharmaceuticals made an [[Investigational New Drug|IND]] filing for TUR-004 in October 2015<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Announces IND Filing for TUR-004|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-announces-ind-filing-for-tur%2526%252345%253b004|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turingpharma.com|date=October 5, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222155104/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-pharmaceuticals-ag-announces-ind-filing-for-tur%2526%252345%253b004|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> and the product was granted [[FDA Fast Track Development Program|Fast Track designation]] by the [[FDA]]. A Phase I Clinical Trial of TUR 004 for epileptic encephalopathies commenced in November 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turing Initiates Dosing in Phase I Clinical Trial of TUR 004 for Epileptic Encephalopathies|url=http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-initiates-dosing-in-phase-i-clinical-trial-of-tur-004-for-epileptic-encephalopathies|access-date=19 December 2015|publisher=Turinpharma.com|date=November 16, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104522/http://www.turingpharma.com/media/press-release?headline=turing-initiates-dosing-in-phase-i-clinical-trial-of-tur-004-for-epileptic-encephalopathies|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>

===Other products in development===
Turing Pharmaceuticals is also working on TRP-001 for [[Glycogen storage disease|glycogen storage disorders]], TRP-002 for developmental disorder, TRP-003 for [[leukodystrophy]], TRP-004 for toxoplasmosis, TRP-005 for epileptic encephalopathy, and TRP-011 for congenital metabolic disorder.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 2015]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 2015]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023]]
[[Category:Alan Turing]]
[[Category:Alan Turing]]

Latest revision as of 21:21, 13 June 2024

Vyera Pharmaceuticals
Company typePrivate
IndustryPharmaceuticals
FoundedFebruary 2015; 9 years ago (2015-02)
Founder
HeadquartersNew York City and Zug, Switzerland
Key people
Justin Garrett[1]
Chief Executive Officer
ProductsVecamyl, Daraprim
Websitewww.vyera.com

Vyera Pharmaceuticals (formerly Turing Pharmaceuticals) is a pharmaceutical company incorporated in Zug, Switzerland, with offices in New York City. The company started to do business in the US as Vyera Pharmaceuticals in September 2017.[2][3]

The company has two marketed products: Daraprim (pyrimethamine), for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, and Vecamyl (mecamylamine hydrochloride) for the treatment of hypertension. The company was widely criticized for raising the price of daraprim by 5456% following its acquisition of rights to the drug in 2015. The company's stock price dropped around 10% after the price increase of the drug.[4] CEO Martin Shkreli faced immense criticism for his actions.[5] The company was previously named after Alan Turing, the computer scientist.

On May 10, 2023, Vyera filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[6]

Background

[edit]

Turing Pharmaceuticals was launched in February 2015 by Martin Shkreli with the acquisition of three major assets from an orphan drug developer called Retrophin: an intranasal formulation of ketamine, an oxytocin nasal solution, and Vecamyl.[7] The company acquired the US marketing rights to Daraprim from Impax Laboratories in August 2015.[8]

In September 2015, Turing raised the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 a tablet. This increase prompted widespread criticism of the company from many quarters, including the pharmaceutical industry itself.[9]

Shkreli resigned as Turing Pharmaceuticals' CEO on 18 December 2015, following his arrest on charges of defrauding investors in his former hedge fund.[10]

Daraprim

[edit]

Daraprim is the trade name for the drug pyrimethamine, which is indicated for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in combination with a sulfonamide, and has been available since 1953.[11] At the time of the Daraprim acquisition Turing Pharmaceuticals indicated that it intended to develop new toxoplasmosis drug candidates with better ADME than Daraprim.

In response to criticisms of the September 2015 price increases, Turing Pharmaceuticals announced various patient affordability and access initiatives[12] and in November 2015 the company reduced the cost of Daraprim for hospitals by up to 50% of the increased rate.[13] Despite these partial rollbacks to the initial price increase, according to February 2, 2016, memo from Representative Elijah Cummings to the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, since Turing's acquisition to the rights in Daraprim, the drug has gone from being affordable and readily available to being prohibitively expensive.[14]

In January 2020 the FTC filed a case against Vyera "alleging an elaborate anticompetitive scheme to preserve a monopoly for the life-saving drug, Daraprim".[15] A settlement was reached in December 2021. According to AP News, the settlement "requires Vyera and Phoenixus to provide up to $40 million in relief over 10 years to consumers who allegedly were fleeced by their actions and requires them to make Daraprim available to any potential generic competitor at the cost of producing the drug."[16] According to Law360, Kevin Mulleady "agreed to a seven-year ban on working for or holding more than an 8% share in most pharmaceutical companies."[17]

Vecamyl

[edit]

Vecamyl is currently indicated for the treatment of hypertension.

Pipeline

[edit]

Syntocinon

[edit]

This product, also called TUR-001, is Turing Pharmaceuticals' oxytocin nasal solution. Syntocinon, short for 'synthetic oxytocin', was first introduced by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Sandoz in 1956. The product had gained FDA approval in 1960 to assist in initial postpartum milk ejection, but was discontinued by Sandoz's successor company, Novartis, in 1997 because of poor sales. Retrophin had licensed the product from Novartis in December 2013 in order to bring it back to the market for postpartum milk ejection as well as look into its use in the treatment of schizophrenia and autism.[18] Turing Pharmaceuticals is preparing for a Phase III in lactation and other indications are planned.

TUR-002

[edit]

This product is Turing Pharmaceuticals' intranasal formulation of racemic ketamine. The company is working on the product for the treatment of suicidality.

TUR-004

[edit]

This product is under development for the treatment of seizures associated with severe epilepsy disorders. Turing Pharmaceuticals made an IND filing for TUR-004 in October 2015[19] and the product was granted Fast Track designation by the FDA. A Phase I Clinical Trial of TUR 004 for epileptic encephalopathies commenced in November 2015.[20]

Other products in development

[edit]

Turing Pharmaceuticals is also working on TRP-001 for glycogen storage disorders, TRP-002 for developmental disorder, TRP-003 for leukodystrophy, TRP-004 for toxoplasmosis, TRP-005 for epileptic encephalopathy, and TRP-011 for congenital metabolic disorder.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Leadership Team". Turing Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  2. ^ "Corporation Filings 08/27/2017 to 09/03/2017". Louisiana Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  3. ^ "Oxytocin intranasal - Vyera Pharmaceuticals". AdisInsight. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  4. ^ Mullin, Emily (February 27, 2015). "Turing Pharma Says Daraprim Availability Will Be Unaffected By Shkreli Arrest". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  5. ^ Weintraub, Arlene (February 27, 2015). "Gadfly Pharma Investor Shkreli Starts Anew After Ousting From Retrophin". Forbes.com. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  6. ^ "Convicted pharma fraudster Shkreli's companies file for bankruptcy". Wall Street Journal. May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  7. ^ "Launch of Turing Pharmaceuticals Announced – New Drug Company to Focus on Treating Unmet Medical Needs Across Broad Therapeutic Areas". Turingpharma.com. February 24, 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  8. ^ "Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Acquires U.S. Marketing Rights to DARAPRIM® (pyrimethamine)". Turingpharma.com. August 10, 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  9. ^ Timmermann, Like (September 23, 2015). "A Timeline of the Turing Pharma Controversy". Forbes.com. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  10. ^ "Martin Shkreli resigns from Turing Pharmaceuticals after fraud charges". Theguardian.com. December 19, 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  11. ^ Ariana Eunjung Cha (2015-09-22). "CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a 'moron' for asking why". The Washington Post.
  12. ^ "Turing Pharmaceuticals LLC Announces Improvements in Daraprim Accessibility and Affordability". Turingpharma.com. October 13, 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  13. ^ "Turing Reduces Cost of Daraprim® (pyrimethamine)". Turingpharma.com. November 24, 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  14. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2016-02-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ "Vyera Pharmaceuticals, LLC". Federal Trade Commission. January 27, 2020.
  16. ^ "'Pharma Bro' firm reaches $40M settlement in gouging case". AP News. December 8, 2021.
  17. ^ Koenig, Bryan (December 7, 2021). "Former Shkreli Co. Inks Deal Worth Up To $40M With FTC, AGs - Law360". Law360.
  18. ^ "Retrophin Signs U.S. License Agreement for Syntocinon™ Nasal Spray (Oxytocin)". Business Wire. December 12, 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  19. ^ "Turing Pharmaceuticals AG Announces IND Filing for TUR-004". Turingpharma.com. October 5, 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  20. ^ "Turing Initiates Dosing in Phase I Clinical Trial of TUR 004 for Epileptic Encephalopathies". Turinpharma.com. November 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
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