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{{short description|American architect}}
{{short description|American architect}}
{{Infobox architect
{{Infobox architect
|name = Richard Clipston Sturgis
| name = Richard Clipston Sturgis
|image =
| image = Richard Clipston Sturgis.png
| caption = Sturgis in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' in 1910
|image_size =
| nationality =
|caption =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1860|12|24}}
|nationality = [[United States]]
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| birth_place = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.
⚫
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1860|12|24}}
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|5|8|1860|12|24}}
⚫
|birth_place = [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
⚫
| death_place = [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]], U.S.
⚫
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|5|8|1860|12|24}}
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| practice =
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|death_place = [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]]
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| significant_buildings = {{plainlist|
⚫
|practice =
* [[Lewis Cabot Estate]]
⚫
|significant_buildings=
* {{nowrap|[[Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John]]}}
⚫
|significant_design =
* [[Winsor School]]
|awards =
* [[Security Trust Building]]
* {{nowrap|[[Langham Hotel Boston|Federal Reserve Bank of Boston]]}}
* [[Harold H. Anthony House]]
}}
}}
⚫
| significant_design = {{plainlist|
⚫
'''Richard Clipston Sturgis''' (1860-1951), generally known as '''R. Clipston Sturgis''', was an American [[architect]] based in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
* [[Perkins School for the Blind]]
* <em>[[Boston Common Tablet]]</em>
* <em>[[Menotomy Hunter]]</em> fountain and grounds
}}
| awards =
| embedded = {{infobox person|child = yes
| education = [[Harvard College]] (1881)
| relatives = {{plainlist|
* {{nowrap|[[Russell Sturgis (1805–1887)|Russell Sturgis]] (grandfather)}}
* {{nowrap|[[John Hubbard Sturgis]] (uncle)}}
* {{nowrap|[[Henry Parkman Sturgis]] (uncle)}}
* {{nowrap|[[Julian Sturgis]] (uncle)}}
* {{nowrap|[[Howard Sturgis|Howard Overing Sturgis]] (uncle)}}
* {{nowrap|[[Charles R. Codman (Civil War)|Charles Russell Codman]] (uncle)}}
* {{nowrap|[[Julian Codman]] (cousin)}}
}}
}}
{{infobox officeholder|embed=yes
|office = 4th President of [[The Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston]]
|termstart =1917
|termend =1920
|predecessor = [[Herbert Langford Warren]]
|successor = [[John Endicott Peabody]]
|office2 = 15th President of the [[American Institute of Architects]]
|termstart2 = 1913
|termend2 = 1915
|predecessor2 = [[Babb, Cook & Willard|Walter Cook]]
|successor2 = [[John Mauran]]
|office3 = President of the [[Boston Society of Architects]]
|termstart3 = 1908
|termend3 = 1912
|predecessor3 = [[J. Randolph Coolidge Jr.]]
|successor3 = [[Ralph Adams Cram]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Richard Clipston Sturgis''' (December 24, 1860 – May 8, 1951), generally known as '''R. Clipston Sturgis''', was an American [[architect]] based in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Richard Clipston Sturgis was born December 24, 1860, in [[Boston, Massachusetts]] to Russell and Susan Codman (Welles) Sturgis. His father was a son of merchant [[Russell Sturgis (1805–1887)|Russell Sturgis]] and a brother of architect [[John Hubbard Sturgis]]. He was educated in the private school of George Washington Copp Noble, now the [[Noble and Greenough School]]. He entered [[Harvard College]] in 1877, graduating in 1881. From 1881 to 1883 to worked in the office of his uncle, [[Sturgis & Brigham]]. He then sailed to England, where he worked until late 1884 for London architect [[Robert William Edis]], then engaged on an extension to [[Sandringham House]]. After leaving Edis he spent two years touring Europe. In August 1886 his uncle dissolved his partnership, and the younger Sturgis returned to Boston to help manage the office.<ref name=ann>"Richard Clipston Sturgis" in ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Twenty_fifth_Anniversary_Report_of_the_S/MDgmAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Twenty-fifth Anniversary Report of the Class of 1881 of Harvard College]'' (Cambridge: Harvard College Class of 1881): 138-139.</ref>
Richard Clipston Sturgis was born December 24, 1860, in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], to Russell and Susan Codman (Welles) Sturgis. His grandfather was merchant [[Russell Sturgis (1805–1887)|Russell Sturgis]] and uncles included architect [[John Hubbard Sturgis]], politician [[Henry Parkman Sturgis]], author [[Julian Sturgis]], and novelist [[Howard Sturgis]]. He was educated in the private school of [[Noble and Greenough School|George Washington Copp Noble]] in [[Dedham, Massachusetts]]. He entered [[Harvard College]] in 1877, graduating in 1881. From 1881 to 1883, he worked in the office of his uncle, [[Sturgis & Brigham]]. He then sailed to [[England]], where he worked until late 1884 for [[London]] architect [[Robert William Edis]], then engaged on an extension to [[Sandringham House]]. After leaving Edis, he spent two years touring Europe. In August 1886, his uncle dissolved his partnership, and the younger Sturgis returned to Boston to help manage the office.<ref name=ann>"Richard Clipston Sturgis" in ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MDgmAAAAYAAJ Twenty-fifth Anniversary Report of the Class of 1881 of Harvard College]'' (Cambridge: Harvard College Class of 1881): 138-139.</ref>


In May 1887, John Hubbard Sturgis returned to his native England to manage his father's affairs, with the younger Sturgis left in charge in Boston. In February 1888 his uncle died in England, and the younger Sturgis succeeded to the practice.<ref name=ann/> He was responsible for completing his uncle's unfinished works, including the [[Church of the Advent (Boston)|Church of the Advent]] and the new building of the [[Boston Athletic Association]]. In May, he formed a partnership with William Robinson Cabot, known as Sturgis & Cabot.<ref>"Personal," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Engineering_Record_Building_Record_and_S/8fEwAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Engineering and Building Record]'' 18, no. 1 (June 2 1888): 10.</ref> Cabot was a son of architect [[Edward Clarke Cabot]].<ref>L. Vernon Briggs, ''History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927'', vol. 2 (L. Vernon Briggs, 1927)</ref> This continued until it was dissolved in May 1895, after which Sturgis continued alone.<ref>"Architects' Removals," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Architect_and_Building_News/DAIzAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 American Architect and Building News]'' 48, no. 1011 (May 11, 1895): xii.</ref>
In May 1887, John Hubbard Sturgis returned to his native England to manage his father's affairs, with the younger Sturgis left in charge in Boston. In February 1888, his uncle died in England, and the younger Sturgis succeeded to the practice.<ref name=ann/> He was responsible for completing his uncle's unfinished works, including the [[Church of the Advent (Boston)|Church of the Advent]] and the new building of the [[Boston Athletic Association]]. In May, he formed a partnership with William Robinson Cabot, son of architect [[Edward Clarke Cabot]], known as Sturgis & Cabot.<ref>"Personal" ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8fEwAQAAMAAJ Engineering and Building Record]'' 18, no. 1 (June 2, 1888): 10.</ref><ref>L. Vernon Briggs, ''History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927'', vol. 2 (L. Vernon Briggs, 1927)</ref> This continued until it was dissolved in May 1895, after which Sturgis continued alone.<ref>"Architects' Removals," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=DAIzAQAAIAAJ American Architect and Building News]'' 48, no. 1011 (May 11, 1895): xii.</ref>


In July 1902, he formed a new partnership with [[George Edward Barton]], known as Sturgis & Barton.<ref>"Architects' Removals," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Architect_and_Building_News/2pEzAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 American Architect and Building News]'' 77, no. 1384 (July 5 1902): x.</ref> In addition to a Boston office this firm also had a New York office at [[Tuxedo Park, New York|Tuxedo Park]]. This partnership was dissolved after a period of six years. He again was sole proprietor of his firm until 1922, when he reorganized his firm as The Office of R. Clipston Sturgis, with William Stanley Parker, William B. Coffin, William Adams, S. Winthrop St. Clair and Alanson Hall Sturgis, his nephew, as associates.<ref>"Personals," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Architect_and_the_Architect/JgMzAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 American Architect]'' 122, no. 2406 (November 8 1922): 437.</ref>
In July 1902, he formed a new partnership with George Edward Barton, known as Sturgis & Barton.<ref>"Architects' Removals," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2pEzAQAAIAAJ American Architect and Building News]'' 77, no. 1384 (July 5, 1902): x.</ref> In addition to a Boston office this firm also had a New York office at [[Tuxedo Park, New York|Tuxedo Park]]. This partnership was dissolved after a period of six years. He again was sole proprietor of his firm until 1922, when he reorganized his firm as The Office of R. Clipston Sturgis, with William Stanley Parker, William B. Coffin, William Adams, S. Winthrop St. Clair, and Alanson Hall Sturgis, his nephew, as associates.<ref>"Personals," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JgMzAQAAIAAJ American Architect]'' 122, no. 2406 (November 8, 1922): p. 437.</ref>


Ten years later, in 1932, Sturgis retired. The firm was then reorganized as Sturgis Associates Inc. Parker was head of the new firm, though Sturgis remained associated as a consultant.<ref>"Personals," ''American Architect'' 142, no. 2610 (August 1932): 101.</ref>
Ten years later, in 1932, Sturgis retired. The firm was then reorganized as Sturgis Associates Inc. Parker was head of the new firm, though Sturgis remained associated as a consultant.<ref>"Personals," ''American Architect'' 142, no. 2610 (August 1932): 101.</ref>


Sturgis was regarded as a leader in the architectural profession. In 1891, he was elected to the College of Fellows of the [[American Institute of Architects]].<ref>"[https://aiahistoricaldirectory.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/AHDAA/pages/38915053/ahd1043698 R. Clipston Sturgis]," aiahistoricaldirectory.atlassian.net, AIA Historical Directory of American Architects, n. d. Accessed June 24 2021.</ref> From 1908 to 1912 he was president of the [[Boston Society of Architects]]. In 1913-14 he was first vice president of the [[American Institute of Architects]], and president in 1914-15.<ref name=rep>"Richard Clipston Sturgis" in ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Report_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Class_of/oihOAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Fortieth Anniversary Report of the Secretary of the Class of 1881 of Harvard College]'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1921): 233.</ref> He was also involved in the [[The Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston|Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston]], and served as its fourth president from 1917 to 1920.<ref>Maureen Meister, ''Arts & Crafts Architecture: History and Heritage in New England'' (Hanover: University Press of New England, 2014)</ref> Other organizations to which Sturgis belonged include: the Harvard Clubs of [[Harvard Club of Boston|Boston]] and [[Harvard Club of New York|New York]], the [[Somerset Club]], the [[Tavern Club (Boston, Massachusetts)|Tavern Club]], the [[Union Boat Club]], the [[Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States|Loyal Legion]], the [[English-Speaking Union]], the [[Colonial Society of Massachusetts]] and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name=rep/>
Sturgis was regarded as a leader in the architectural profession. In 1891, he was elected to the College of Fellows of the [[American Institute of Architects]].<ref>"[https://aiahistoricaldirectory.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/AHDAA/pages/38915053/ahd1043698 R. Clipston Sturgis]," aiahistoricaldirectory.atlassian.net, AIA Historical Directory of American Architects, n. d. Accessed June 24, 2021.</ref> From 1908 to 1912, he was president of the [[Boston Society of Architects]]. In 1913-14, he was first vice president of the [[American Institute of Architects]], and president in 1914-15.<ref name=rep>"Richard Clipston Sturgis" in ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oihOAAAAMAAJ Fortieth Anniversary Report of the Secretary of the Class of 1881 of Harvard College]'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1921): 233.</ref> He was also involved in the [[The Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston|Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston]], and served as its fourth president from 1917 to 1920.<ref>Maureen Meister, ''Arts & Crafts Architecture: History and Heritage in New England'' (Hanover: University Press of New England, 2014)</ref> Other organizations to which Sturgis belonged include: the Harvard Clubs of [[Harvard Club of Boston|Boston]] and [[Harvard Club of New York City|New York City]], the [[Somerset Club]], the [[Tavern Club (Boston, Massachusetts)|Tavern Club]], the [[Union Boat Club]], the [[Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States|Loyal Legion]], the [[English-Speaking Union]], the [[Colonial Society of Massachusetts]] and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name=rep/>


From 1902 until 1909 Sturgis was a member of the Board of School-house Commissioners of the School-house Department, a department of the Boston city government that had charge of the selection of sites, appointment of architects and supervision of construction of new schools throughout Boston.<ref name=rep/><ref name=ann/>
From 1902 until 1909, Sturgis was a member of the Board of School-house Commissioners of the School-house Department, a department of the Boston city government that had charge of the selection of sites, appointment of architects and supervision of construction of new schools throughout Boston.<ref name="ann" /><ref name=rep/>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Sturgis married in 1882 to Esther Mary Ogden of [[Troy, New York]].<ref name=ann/> They had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, and one daughter. His surviving son, Richard Clipston Sturgis Jr., was born March 17, 1884, at [[Canterbury]] in [[Kent]], [[England]].<ref name=ann/> He followed in his father's footsteps, attending [[Harvard College]] after which he worked for [[Parker & Thomas]] in Boston and [[Howard & Galloway]] in [[San Francisco]] before joining his father's office in 1907. He died October 18, 1913, at his parents' home in Boston following a sudden illness.<ref>"Richard Clipston Sturgis Jr." in ''[https://archive.org/details/1905report03harvuoft Secretary's Third Report, Harvard College Class of 1905]'' (Cambridge: Harvard College Class of 1905): 430-432.</ref> Their daughter, Dorothy Margaret (Sturgis) Harding was born July 28, 1891.<ref name=ann/> She was also a designer and was noted in particular for her bookplates.
Sturgis married in 1882 to Esther Mary Ogden of [[Troy, New York]].<ref name=ann/> They had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, and one daughter. His surviving son, Richard Clipston Sturgis Jr., was born March 17, 1884, at [[Canterbury]] in [[Kent]], [[England]].<ref name=ann/> He followed in his father's footsteps, attending [[Harvard College]] after which he worked for [[Parker & Thomas]] in Boston and [[Howard & Galloway]] in [[San Francisco]] before joining his father's office in 1907. He died October 18, 1913, at his parents' home in Boston following a sudden illness.<ref>"Richard Clipston Sturgis Jr." in ''[https://archive.org/details/1905report03harvuoft Secretary's Third Report, Harvard College Class of 1905]'' (Cambridge: Harvard College Class of 1905): 430-432.</ref> Their daughter, Dorothy Margaret (Sturgis) Harding was born July 28, 1891.<ref name=ann/> She was also a designer and was noted in particular for her bookplates.


After retiring from active practice, Sturgis moved to [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]], where the family had formerly spent only their summers. The family home, known as Martine Cottage, was bought by Sturgis in 1890. He died there on May 8, 1951, at the age of 90.<ref>"R. Clipston Sturgis: Designed Buildings in Boston; at 90," ''Boston Globe'', May 9 1951, p. 12.</ref> His wife, Esther Mary, had died November 23, 1935, at [[Winsley]] in [[Wiltshire]], [[England]] while traveling abroad.<ref>"Mrs. R. Clipston Sturgis," ''Boston Globe'', November 24 1936, p. 14.</ref>
After retiring from active practice, Sturgis moved to [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]], where the family had formerly spent only their summers. The family home, known as Martine Cottage, was bought by Sturgis in 1890. He died there on May 8, 1951, at the age of 90.<ref>"R. Clipston Sturgis: Designed Buildings in Boston; at 90," ''Boston Globe'', May 9, 1951, p. 12.</ref> His wife, Esther Mary, had died November 23, 1935, at [[Winsley]] in [[Wiltshire]], [[England]], while traveling abroad.<ref>"Mrs. R. Clipston Sturgis," ''Boston Globe'', November 24, 1936, p. 14.</ref>


His sketchbooks and notebooks are archived in the Boston Athenæum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catalog.bostonathenaeum.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=39225|title=Sketchbooks and notebooks from the office of R. Clipston Sturgis|first=R. Clipston|last=Sturgis|via=catalog.bostonathenaeum.org Library Catalog|accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref>
His sketchbooks and notebooks are archived in the [[Boston Athenæum]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://catalog.bostonathenaeum.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=39225|title=Sketchbooks and notebooks from the office of R. Clipston Sturgis|first=R. Clipston|last=Sturgis|via=catalog.bostonathenaeum.org Library Catalog|accessdate=January 6, 2023}}</ref>


==Architectural works==
==Architectural works==
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===List of architectural works===
===List of architectural works===
* Willard School, [[Quincy, Massachusetts]] (1889-91)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=QUI.466 QUI.466]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Willard School, [[Quincy, Massachusetts]] (1889–91)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=qui.466 QUI.466]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* [[Lewis Cabot Estate|House for Lewis Cabot]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (1894, NRHP 1985, demolished 1995)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BKL.2335 BKL.2335]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* [[Lewis Cabot Estate]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (1894, NRHP 1985, demolished 1995)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=bkl.2335 BKL.2335]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* "Petersfield" for [[John Stewart McLennan]], [[Westmount, Nova Scotia]] (1899, demolished)<ref name=canada>"[http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/node/2078 Sturgis, Richard Clipston]," dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org, Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, 1800-1950, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* "Petersfield" for [[John Stewart McLennan]], [[Westmount, Nova Scotia]] (1899, demolished)<ref name=canada>"[http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/node/2078 Sturgis, Richard Clipston]," dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org, Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, 1800-1950, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Sturgis House, [[Groton School]], [[Groton, Massachusetts]] (1899)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=GRO.E GRO.E]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Sturgis House, [[Groton School]], [[Groton, Massachusetts]] (1899)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=gro.e GRO.E]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Big Tree Swimming Pool, [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] (1900, demolished 1962)<ref name="Cambridge">Christopher Hail, [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170330140612/http://hul.harvard.edu/lib/archives/refshelf/cba/index.html Cambridge Buildings and Architects], 2003. Accessed May 21 2021.</ref>
* Big Tree Swimming Pool, [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] (1900, demolished 1962)<ref name="Cambridge">Christopher Hail, [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170330140612/http://hul.harvard.edu/lib/archives/refshelf/cba/index.html Cambridge Buildings and Architects], 2003. Accessed May 21, 2021.</ref>
* Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club, [[Sydney, Nova Scotia]] (1901, burned 2013)<ref name=canada/>
* Royal Cape Breton Yacht Club, [[Sydney, Nova Scotia]] (1901, burned 2013)<ref name=canada/>
* [[Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John]] (former), [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] (1905-07, destroyed 1945)<ref>"Our Two Cathedrals Over-sea," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Churchman/R2bkgRm9S0EC?hl=en&gbpv=0 Churchman]'' 95, no. 4 (January 26 1907): 130-134.</ref>
* [[Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John]] (former), [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] (1905–07, destroyed 1945)<ref>"Our Two Cathedrals Over-sea," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=R2bkgRm9S0EC Churchman]'' 95, no. 4 (January 26, 1907): 130-134.</ref>
* "Rock Ridge" for [[Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler]], [[Tuxedo Park, New York]] (1905)<ref name=tuxedo>''Tuxedo Park: The Historic Houses'', ed. Christian R. Sonne and Chiu Yin Hempel (Tuxedo Park: Tuxedo Historical Society, 2007)</ref>
* "Rock Ridge" for [[Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler]], [[Tuxedo Park, New York]] (1905)<ref name=tuxedo>''Tuxedo Park: The Historic Houses'', ed. Christian R. Sonne and Chiu Yin Hempel (Tuxedo Park: Tuxedo Historical Society, 2007)</ref>
* "Sunny Rock" for [[Ambrose Monell]],{{efn|name=Monell|Later expanded under the direction of architects [[Walker & Gillette]].}} [[Tuxedo Park, New York]] (1905)<ref name=tuxedo/>
* "Sunny Rock" for [[Ambrose Monell]],{{efn|name=Monell|Later expanded under the direction of architects [[Walker & Gillette]].}} [[Tuxedo Park, New York]] (1905)<ref name=tuxedo/>
* House for [[Victor Fremont Lawson]], [[Chicago, Illinois]] (1906, demolished 1929)<ref>"Building Intelligence," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/American_Architect_and_Architecture/601RAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 American Architect and Building News]'' 89, no. 1592 (June 30 1906): vi.</ref>
* House for [[Victor Fremont Lawson]], [[Chicago, Illinois]] (1906, demolished 1929)<ref>"Building Intelligence," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=601RAQAAMAAJ American Architect and Building News]'' 89, no. 1592 (June 30, 1906): vi.</ref>
* First National Bank Building, [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1907-08, demolished)<ref>"First National Bank of Boston, ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Bankers_Magazine/4cFIQyjgHe8C?hl=en&gbpv=0 Bankers Magazine]'' 74, no. 1 (January 1907): 122-123.</ref>
* First National Bank Building, [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1907–08, demolished)<ref>"First National Bank of Boston, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4cFIQyjgHe8C Bankers Magazine]'' 74, no. 1 (January 1907): 122-123.</ref>
* [[Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology|Franklin Union Building]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1907-08)<ref>"Boston Architectural Notes," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Inland_Architect_and_News_Record/NENGAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Inland Architect and News Record]'' 50, no. 5 (November 1907): 52-53.</ref>
* [[Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology|Franklin Union Building]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1907–08)<ref>"Boston Architectural Notes," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NENGAQAAMAAJ Inland Architect and News Record]'' 50, no. 5 (November 1907): 52-53.</ref>
* Neighborhood Guild, [[Peace Dale, Rhode Island]] (1907-08)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/87000493 Peace Dale Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1987)</ref>
* Neighborhood Guild, [[Peace Dale, Rhode Island]] (1907–08)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/87000493 Peace Dale Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1987)</ref>
* Public Library of Brookline, [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (1909-10)<ref>Brookline town reports</ref>
* Public Library of Brookline, [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (1909–10)<ref>Brookline town reports</ref>
* [[Winsor School]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1909-10)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BOS.7582 BOS.7582]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* [[Winsor School]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1909–10)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=bos.7582 BOS.7582]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* [[Perkins School for the Blind]], [[Watertown, Massachusetts]] (1910-11)<ref name=morgan/>
* [[Perkins School for the Blind]], [[Watertown, Massachusetts]] (1910–11)<ref name=morgan/>
* [[Security Trust Building|Security Trust Company Building]], [[Rockland, Maine]] (1911-12, NRHP 1978)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/78000185 Security Trust Building NRHP Registration Form] (1978)</ref>
* [[Security Trust Building|Security Trust Company Building]], [[Rockland, Maine]] (1911–12, NRHP 1978)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/78000185 Security Trust Building NRHP Registration Form] (1978)</ref>
* Restoration of [[Old North Church]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1912-14)<ref name=morgan>Keith N. Morgan, ''Buildings of Massachusetts: Metropolitan Boston'' (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009)</ref>
* Restoration of [[Old North Church]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1912–14)<ref name=morgan>Keith N. Morgan, ''Buildings of Massachusetts: Metropolitan Boston'' (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009)</ref>
* Robbins Memorial Town Hall, [[Arlington, Massachusetts]] (1912)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=ARL.604 ARL.604]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* [[Robbins Memorial Town Hall]], [[Arlington, Massachusetts]] (1912)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=arl.604 ARL.604]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Whitinsville Social Library, [[Whitinsville, Massachusetts]] (1912-13)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=NBD.11 NBD.11]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Whitinsville Social Library, [[Whitinsville, Massachusetts]] (1912–13)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=nbd.11 NBD.11]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Boston Common Tablet, [[Boston Common]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1913)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BOS.960 BOS.960]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Boston Common Tablet, [[Boston Common]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1913)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=bos.960 BOS.960]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* [[Brimmer and May School|Brimmer School]] (former),{{efn|name=brimmer|Now occupied by the Park Street School.}} [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1914)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BOS.15803 BOS.15803]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* [[Brimmer and May School|Brimmer School]] (former),{{efn|name=brimmer|Now occupied by the Park Street School.}} [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1914)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=bos.15803 BOS.15803]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Delta Upsilon Club (former),{{efn|name=du|Later the local Elks lodge, now the Ikeda Center.}} [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] (1914-15)<ref name=Cambridge/>
* Delta Upsilon Club (former),{{efn|name=du|Later the local Elks lodge, now the Ikeda Center.}} [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] (1914–15)<ref name=Cambridge/>
* Additions to the [[Massachusetts State House]],{{efn|name=MSH|Designed in association with [[Robert Day Andrews]] and William Chapman.}} [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1914-17)<ref>Ellen Mudge Burrill, ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_State_House/9oEUAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 The State House]'' (Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1921)</ref>
* Additions to the [[Massachusetts State House]],{{efn|name=MSH|Designed in association with [[Robert Day Andrews]] and William Chapman.}} [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1914–17)<ref>Ellen Mudge Burrill, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9oEUAAAAYAAJ The State House]'' (Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1921)</ref>
* Union Congregational Church, [[East Walpole, Massachusetts]] (1915)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=WLP.146 WLP.146]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Union Congregational Church, [[East Walpole, Massachusetts]] (1915)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=wlp.146 WLP.146]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Ford Hall, [[Williston Northampton School]], [[Easthampton, Massachusetts]] (1916-17)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=EAH.626 EAH.626]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Ford Hall, [[Williston Northampton School]], [[Easthampton, Massachusetts]] (1916–17)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=eah.626 EAH.626]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Proctor High School (former), [[Proctor, Vermont]] (1916-17)<ref>"Construction Notes," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Stone/ilE6AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Stone]'' 37, no. 7 (July 1916): 378.</ref>
* Proctor High School (former), [[Proctor, Vermont]] (1916–17)<ref>"Construction Notes," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ilE6AQAAMAAJ Stone]'' 37, no. 7 (July 1916): 378.</ref>
* [[Black Rock Gardens Historic District|Black Rock Gardens]],{{efn|name=Black|A project of the [[United States Housing Corporation]]. Designed in association with planner [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]] and architects [[C. Wellington Walker|Skinner & Walker]].}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001430 Black Rock Gardens Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Black Rock Gardens Historic District|Black Rock Gardens]],{{efn|name=Black|A project of the [[United States Housing Corporation]]. Designed in association with planner [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]] and architects [[C. Wellington Walker|Skinner & Walker]].}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001430 Black Rock Gardens Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Lakeview Village Historic District|Lakeview Village]],{{efn|name=Lakeview|A project of the [[United States Housing Corporation]]. Designed in association with planner [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]] and architect Andrew Hopewell Hepburn.}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001428 Lakeview Village Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Lakeview Village Historic District|Lakeview Village]],{{efn|name=Lakeview|A project of the [[United States Housing Corporation]]. Designed in association with planner [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]] and architect Andrew Hopewell Hepburn.}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001428 Lakeview Village Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Seaside Village Historic District|Seaside Village]],{{efn|name=Seaside|A project of the [[United States Housing Corporation]]. Designed in association with planner [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]].}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001424 Seaside Village Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Seaside Village Historic District|Seaside Village]],{{efn|name=Seaside|A project of the [[United States Housing Corporation]]. Designed in association with planner [[Arthur Asahel Shurcliff]].}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001424 Seaside Village Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Wilmot Apartments Historic District|Wilmot Apartments]],{{efn|name=Seaside}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001423 Wilmot Apartments Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* [[Wilmot Apartments Historic District|Wilmot Apartments]],{{efn|name=Seaside}} [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] (1918, NRHP 1990)<ref>[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/90001423 Wilmot Apartments Historic District NRHP Registration Form] (1990)</ref>
* Bird School (former), [[East Walpole, Massachusetts]] (1919)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=WLP.148 WLP.148]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Bird School (former), [[East Walpole, Massachusetts]] (1919)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=wlp.148 WLP.148]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* [[Langham Hotel Boston|Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Building]] (former), [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1920-22)<ref>Diane Shephard, ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Boston/bauiAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Federal Reserve Bank of Boston]'' (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2014)</ref>
* [[Langham Hotel Boston|Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Building]] (former), [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1920–22)<ref>Diane Shephard, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bauiAgAAQBAJ Federal Reserve Bank of Boston]'' (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2014)</ref>
* [[Harold H. Anthony House|House for Harold H. Anthony]], [[Swansea, Massachusetts]] (1922, NRHP 1990)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=SWN.150 SWN.150]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* [[Harold H. Anthony House]], [[Swansea, Massachusetts]] (1922, NRHP 1990)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=swn.150 SWN.150]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Restoration of the [[First Universalist Church (Salem, Massachusetts)|First Universalist Church]] (former), [[Salem, Massachusetts]] (1924)<ref name="Tolles">Bryant F. Tolles Jr., ''Architecture in Salem: An Illustrated Guide'' (Lebanon: University Press of New England, 1983)</ref>
* Restoration of the [[First Universalist Church (Salem, Massachusetts)|First Universalist Church]] (former), [[Salem, Massachusetts]] (1924)<ref name="Tolles">Bryant F. Tolles Jr., ''Architecture in Salem: An Illustrated Guide'' (Lebanon: University Press of New England, 1983)</ref>
* Vermont Marble Company Office Building, [[Proctor, Vermont]] (1924)<ref>S. Winthrop St. Clair, "Dignifying a By-product," ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Architect_and_the_Architect/JQozAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 American Architect]'' 126, no. 2456 (October 8 1924): 327-330.</ref>
* Vermont Marble Company Office Building, [[Proctor, Vermont]] (1924)<ref>S. Winthrop St. Clair, "Dignifying a By-product," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JQozAQAAIAAJ American Architect]'' 126, no. 2456 (October 8, 1924): 327-330.</ref>
* House for [[William Henry Claflin Jr.]], [[Belmont, Massachusetts]] (1925)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BLM.139 BLM.139]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* House for [[William Henry Claflin Jr.]], [[Belmont, Massachusetts]] (1925)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=blm.139 BLM.139]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Watertown Savings Bank Building, [[Watertown, Massachusetts]] (1928)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=WAT.55 WAT.55]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Watertown Savings Bank Building, [[Watertown, Massachusetts]] (1928)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=wat.55 WAT.55]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* Amos A. Lawrence School, [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (1929-30)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=BKL.2568 BKL.2568]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Amos A. Lawrence School, [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] (1929–30)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=bkl.2568 BKL.2568]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>
* [[Charles/MGH station]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1931-32, mostly demolished 2004)<ref name=morgan/>
* [[Charles/MGH station]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]] (1931–32, mostly demolished 2004)<ref name=morgan/>
* McCall Junior High School, [[winchester, Massachusetts]] (1931-32)<ref name=morgan/>
* McCall Junior High School, [[Winchester, Massachusetts]] (1931–32)<ref name=morgan/>
* Watertown Administration Building, [[Watertown, Massachusetts]] (1931-32)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/Details.aspx?MhcId=WAT.56 WAT.56]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25 2021.</ref>
* Watertown Administration Building, [[Watertown, Massachusetts]] (1931–32)<ref>"[https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=wat.56 WAT.56]." ''mhc-macris.net''. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.</ref>


===Other works===
===Other works===
* [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] coat of arms (1904)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rickets |first=Palmer C. |url=https://dspace.rpi.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.13015/4988/History%20of%20Rensselaer%20Polytechnic%20Institute%2018241934.pdf |title=History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1824–1934 |publisher=New York: [[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons, Inc.]], London: [[Chapman & Hall]] |year=1934 |edition=3rd |pages=184 |author-link=Palmer C. Ricketts}}</ref>
Sturgis also designed the [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] seal.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}
* ''[[Menotomy Hunter]]'' fountain and grounds, [[Arlington, Massachusetts]] (1911)
* ''[[Robbins Memorial Flagstaff]]'', [[Arlington, Massachusetts]] (1913) Collaborative work with [[Cyrus Edwin Dallin|Cyrus Dallin]].
* ''[[Boston Common Tablet]]'', [[Boston Common]], [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] (1913)


==Gallery of architectural works==
==Gallery of architectural and design works==
{{Gallery
{{Gallery
|title=|align=center
|title=|align=center
Line 105: Line 147:
|File:LewisCabotEstate.jpg
|File:LewisCabotEstate.jpg
|[[Lewis Cabot Estate|House for Lewis Cabot]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], 1894.
|[[Lewis Cabot Estate|House for Lewis Cabot]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], 1894.
|
|[[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] coat of arms, 1904.
|File:The Cathedral Church of St. Mary and St. John, Manila (1923).jpg
|File:The Cathedral Church of St. Mary and St. John, Manila (1923).jpg
|[[Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]], 1905-07.
|[[Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]], 1905-07.
Line 113: Line 157:
|File:Perkins School for the Blind campus in Watertown, Mass..jpg
|File:Perkins School for the Blind campus in Watertown, Mass..jpg
|[[Perkins School for the Blind]], [[Watertown, Massachusetts]], 1910-11.
|[[Perkins School for the Blind]], [[Watertown, Massachusetts]], 1910-11.
|File:Menotomy Hunter - Arlington, MA - 20200811 070158.jpg
|<em>[[Menotomy Hunter]]</em> fountain and grounds, [[Arlington, Massachusetts]], 1911.
|File:Security Trust Building Rockland ME-1.jpg
|File:Security Trust Building Rockland ME-1.jpg
|[[Security Trust Building|Security Trust Company Building]], [[Rockland, Maine]], 1911-12.
|[[Security Trust Building|Security Trust Company Building]], [[Rockland, Maine]], 1911-12.
Line 120: Line 166:
|Whitinsville Social Library, [[Whitinsville, Massachusetts]], 1912-13.
|Whitinsville Social Library, [[Whitinsville, Massachusetts]], 1912-13.
|File:Boston - Boston Common - 20090526062640.jpg
|File:Boston - Boston Common - 20090526062640.jpg
|Boston Common Tablet, [[Boston Common]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]], 1913.
|<em>[[Boston Common Tablet]]</em>, [[Boston Common]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]], 1913.
|File:Aerial view of Massachusetts State House 2.jpg
|||File:Aerial view of Massachusetts State House 2.jpg
|Additions to the [[Massachusetts State House]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]], 1914-17.
|Additions to the [[Massachusetts State House]], [[Boston, Massachusetts]], 1914-17.
|File:BridgeportCT BlackRockGardensHD.jpg
|File:BridgeportCT BlackRockGardensHD.jpg
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[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:American architects]]
[[Category:19th-century American architects]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Presidents of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Presidents of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Sturgis family]]
[[Category:Sturgis family]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard College alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century American architects]]
[[Category:Architects from Boston]]

Latest revision as of 15:50, 10 September 2024

Richard Clipston Sturgis
Sturgis in The Boston Globe in 1910
Born(1860-12-24)December 24, 1860
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedMay 8, 1951(1951-05-08) (aged 90)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, U.S.
OccupationArchitect
Buildings
Design
EducationHarvard College (1881)
Relatives
4th President of The Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston
In office
1917–1920
Preceded byHerbert Langford Warren
Succeeded byJohn Endicott Peabody
15th President of the American Institute of Architects
In office
1913–1915
Preceded byWalter Cook
Succeeded byJohn Mauran
President of the Boston Society of Architects
In office
1908–1912
Preceded byJ. Randolph Coolidge Jr.
Succeeded byRalph Adams Cram

Richard Clipston Sturgis (December 24, 1860 – May 8, 1951), generally known as R. Clipston Sturgis, was an American architect based in Boston, Massachusetts.

Life and career

[edit]

Richard Clipston Sturgis was born December 24, 1860, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Russell and Susan Codman (Welles) Sturgis. His grandfather was merchant Russell Sturgis and uncles included architect John Hubbard Sturgis, politician Henry Parkman Sturgis, author Julian Sturgis, and novelist Howard Sturgis. He was educated in the private school of George Washington Copp Noble in Dedham, Massachusetts. He entered Harvard College in 1877, graduating in 1881. From 1881 to 1883, he worked in the office of his uncle, Sturgis & Brigham. He then sailed to England, where he worked until late 1884 for London architect Robert William Edis, then engaged on an extension to Sandringham House. After leaving Edis, he spent two years touring Europe. In August 1886, his uncle dissolved his partnership, and the younger Sturgis returned to Boston to help manage the office.[1]

In May 1887, John Hubbard Sturgis returned to his native England to manage his father's affairs, with the younger Sturgis left in charge in Boston. In February 1888, his uncle died in England, and the younger Sturgis succeeded to the practice.[1] He was responsible for completing his uncle's unfinished works, including the Church of the Advent and the new building of the Boston Athletic Association. In May, he formed a partnership with William Robinson Cabot, son of architect Edward Clarke Cabot, known as Sturgis & Cabot.[2][3] This continued until it was dissolved in May 1895, after which Sturgis continued alone.[4]

In July 1902, he formed a new partnership with George Edward Barton, known as Sturgis & Barton.[5] In addition to a Boston office this firm also had a New York office at Tuxedo Park. This partnership was dissolved after a period of six years. He again was sole proprietor of his firm until 1922, when he reorganized his firm as The Office of R. Clipston Sturgis, with William Stanley Parker, William B. Coffin, William Adams, S. Winthrop St. Clair, and Alanson Hall Sturgis, his nephew, as associates.[6]

Ten years later, in 1932, Sturgis retired. The firm was then reorganized as Sturgis Associates Inc. Parker was head of the new firm, though Sturgis remained associated as a consultant.[7]

Sturgis was regarded as a leader in the architectural profession. In 1891, he was elected to the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Architects.[8] From 1908 to 1912, he was president of the Boston Society of Architects. In 1913-14, he was first vice president of the American Institute of Architects, and president in 1914-15.[9] He was also involved in the Society of Arts and Crafts of Boston, and served as its fourth president from 1917 to 1920.[10] Other organizations to which Sturgis belonged include: the Harvard Clubs of Boston and New York City, the Somerset Club, the Tavern Club, the Union Boat Club, the Loyal Legion, the English-Speaking Union, the Colonial Society of Massachusetts and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[9]

From 1902 until 1909, Sturgis was a member of the Board of School-house Commissioners of the School-house Department, a department of the Boston city government that had charge of the selection of sites, appointment of architects and supervision of construction of new schools throughout Boston.[1][9]

Personal life

[edit]

Sturgis married in 1882 to Esther Mary Ogden of Troy, New York.[1] They had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, and one daughter. His surviving son, Richard Clipston Sturgis Jr., was born March 17, 1884, at Canterbury in Kent, England.[1] He followed in his father's footsteps, attending Harvard College after which he worked for Parker & Thomas in Boston and Howard & Galloway in San Francisco before joining his father's office in 1907. He died October 18, 1913, at his parents' home in Boston following a sudden illness.[11] Their daughter, Dorothy Margaret (Sturgis) Harding was born July 28, 1891.[1] She was also a designer and was noted in particular for her bookplates.

After retiring from active practice, Sturgis moved to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where the family had formerly spent only their summers. The family home, known as Martine Cottage, was bought by Sturgis in 1890. He died there on May 8, 1951, at the age of 90.[12] His wife, Esther Mary, had died November 23, 1935, at Winsley in Wiltshire, England, while traveling abroad.[13]

His sketchbooks and notebooks are archived in the Boston Athenæum.[14]

Architectural works

[edit]

Perkins School for the Blind

[edit]

Among Sturgis' most significant commissions was the new campus of the Perkins School for the Blind in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Sturgis was asked to design the campus when third director of the school Edward Allen[15] found its current home in Watertown, Massachusetts. Sturgis chose the popular style of the time called English Collegiate Gothic when designing the campus. Allen required Sturgis to incorporate a "family-style" cottage system implemented by Samuel Gridley Howe. This cottage system was meant to replicate the idea of a family setting and help teach student independent living skills (Activities of Daily Life). This cottage style included students of all ages living together in a family like unit with "four teachers, a cook, and a household assistant oversaw 20 students in each cottage[16]". While the structure of cottage style living has somewhat changed from its first implementation at the school, this cottage style of living still exists at Perkins.

Sturgis also considered the unique mobility needs of students with visual impairments and designed the building to reflect this.

  1. He used many right angles to help with orientation. Right angles help students more easily understand cardinal direction at any given time.[16]
  2. Equidistant corridors: Each side of the building mirrors the other meaning the student can cognitively map one side of the building and then because of their mirroring know the other side of the building as well.
  3. Stairs on the sides of corridors: To help predictability of where a student can find stairs.
  4. Sightly tilted walkways: To help the student understand if their straight line of travel has been affected.
  5. Animal tiles on columns: To serve as a tactile marker of a space aiding in orientation (knowing where one is). Think of it like a sign for someone who is visually impaired- braille was not used at Perkins at this time)
  6. Rosettes carved into the wood of the seats in the chapel: To again be used as a tactile marker

List of architectural works

[edit]

Other works

[edit]
[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Later expanded under the direction of architects Walker & Gillette.
  2. ^ Now occupied by the Park Street School.
  3. ^ Later the local Elks lodge, now the Ikeda Center.
  4. ^ Designed in association with Robert Day Andrews and William Chapman.
  5. ^ A project of the United States Housing Corporation. Designed in association with planner Arthur Asahel Shurcliff and architects Skinner & Walker.
  6. ^ A project of the United States Housing Corporation. Designed in association with planner Arthur Asahel Shurcliff and architect Andrew Hopewell Hepburn.
  7. ^ a b A project of the United States Housing Corporation. Designed in association with planner Arthur Asahel Shurcliff.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Richard Clipston Sturgis" in Twenty-fifth Anniversary Report of the Class of 1881 of Harvard College (Cambridge: Harvard College Class of 1881): 138-139.
  2. ^ "Personal" Engineering and Building Record 18, no. 1 (June 2, 1888): 10.
  3. ^ L. Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927, vol. 2 (L. Vernon Briggs, 1927)
  4. ^ "Architects' Removals," American Architect and Building News 48, no. 1011 (May 11, 1895): xii.
  5. ^ "Architects' Removals," American Architect and Building News 77, no. 1384 (July 5, 1902): x.
  6. ^ "Personals," American Architect 122, no. 2406 (November 8, 1922): p. 437.
  7. ^ "Personals," American Architect 142, no. 2610 (August 1932): 101.
  8. ^ "R. Clipston Sturgis," aiahistoricaldirectory.atlassian.net, AIA Historical Directory of American Architects, n. d. Accessed June 24, 2021.
  9. ^ a b c "Richard Clipston Sturgis" in Fortieth Anniversary Report of the Secretary of the Class of 1881 of Harvard College (Cambridge: University Press, 1921): 233.
  10. ^ Maureen Meister, Arts & Crafts Architecture: History and Heritage in New England (Hanover: University Press of New England, 2014)
  11. ^ "Richard Clipston Sturgis Jr." in Secretary's Third Report, Harvard College Class of 1905 (Cambridge: Harvard College Class of 1905): 430-432.
  12. ^ "R. Clipston Sturgis: Designed Buildings in Boston; at 90," Boston Globe, May 9, 1951, p. 12.
  13. ^ "Mrs. R. Clipston Sturgis," Boston Globe, November 24, 1936, p. 14.
  14. ^ Sturgis, R. Clipston. Sketchbooks and notebooks from the office of R. Clipston Sturgis. Retrieved January 6, 2023 – via catalog.bostonathenaeum.org Library Catalog.
  15. ^ "Edward Ellis Allen". www.aph.org.
  16. ^ a b French, Kimberly (2004). Perkins School for the Blind. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 41–42. ISBN 0738535990.
  17. ^ "QUI.466." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  18. ^ "BKL.2335." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  19. ^ a b "Sturgis, Richard Clipston," dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org, Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, 1800-1950, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  20. ^ "GRO.E." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  21. ^ a b Christopher Hail, Cambridge Buildings and Architects, 2003. Accessed May 21, 2021.
  22. ^ "Our Two Cathedrals Over-sea," Churchman 95, no. 4 (January 26, 1907): 130-134.
  23. ^ a b Tuxedo Park: The Historic Houses, ed. Christian R. Sonne and Chiu Yin Hempel (Tuxedo Park: Tuxedo Historical Society, 2007)
  24. ^ "Building Intelligence," American Architect and Building News 89, no. 1592 (June 30, 1906): vi.
  25. ^ "First National Bank of Boston, Bankers Magazine 74, no. 1 (January 1907): 122-123.
  26. ^ "Boston Architectural Notes," Inland Architect and News Record 50, no. 5 (November 1907): 52-53.
  27. ^ Peace Dale Historic District NRHP Registration Form (1987)
  28. ^ Brookline town reports
  29. ^ "BOS.7582." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  30. ^ a b c d Keith N. Morgan, Buildings of Massachusetts: Metropolitan Boston (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009)
  31. ^ Security Trust Building NRHP Registration Form (1978)
  32. ^ "ARL.604." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  33. ^ "NBD.11." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  34. ^ "BOS.960." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  35. ^ "BOS.15803." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  36. ^ Ellen Mudge Burrill, The State House (Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1921)
  37. ^ "WLP.146." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  38. ^ "EAH.626." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  39. ^ "Construction Notes," Stone 37, no. 7 (July 1916): 378.
  40. ^ Black Rock Gardens Historic District NRHP Registration Form (1990)
  41. ^ Lakeview Village Historic District NRHP Registration Form (1990)
  42. ^ Seaside Village Historic District NRHP Registration Form (1990)
  43. ^ Wilmot Apartments Historic District NRHP Registration Form (1990)
  44. ^ "WLP.148." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  45. ^ Diane Shephard, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2014)
  46. ^ "SWN.150." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  47. ^ Bryant F. Tolles Jr., Architecture in Salem: An Illustrated Guide (Lebanon: University Press of New England, 1983)
  48. ^ S. Winthrop St. Clair, "Dignifying a By-product," American Architect 126, no. 2456 (October 8, 1924): 327-330.
  49. ^ "BLM.139." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  50. ^ "WAT.55." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  51. ^ "BKL.2568." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  52. ^ "WAT.56." mhc-macris.net. Massachusetts Historical Commission, n. d. Accessed June 25, 2021.
  53. ^ Rickets, Palmer C. (1934). History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1824–1934 (PDF) (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London: Chapman & Hall. p. 184.
  • Built in Boston: City and Suburb 1800-1950, Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1978
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