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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Scarlet chested sunbird.jpg
| image = Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis, at Kruger National Park, South Africa, crop.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Scarlet-chested sunbird]] (''Chalcomitra senegalensis'')
| image2 = Scarlet-chested Sunbird (Nectarinia senegalensis) (W1CDR0000938 BD14).ogg
⚫
| image2_caption = An adult male [[Scarlet-chested sunbird]] (''C. senegalensis'') in South Africa
| taxon = Chalcomitra
| taxon = Chalcomitra
| authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|L. Reichenbach]], 1853
| authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|Reichenbach]], 1853
| type_species = ''[[Amethyst sunbird|Certhia amethystina]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=187 |title= Nectariniidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = Shaw, 1812
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
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The sunbirds are a group of very small [[Old World]] [[passerine]] [[bird]]s which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed most of the time.
The sunbirds are a group of very small [[Old World]] [[passerine]] [[bird]]s which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed most of the time.


The genus ''Chalcomitra'' was introduced by the German naturalist [[Ludwig Reichenbach]] in 1853.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1853 | title=Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie | language=German | place=Dresden and Leipzig | publisher=Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte | page=277 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47722984 }}<!--tricky to find - see https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47722984 for a guide, H&M4 Vol. 2 p.270 gives year as 1853--> </ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[amethyst sunbird]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=Volume 2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=270 }}</ref> The name ''Chalcomitra'' is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''khalkomitros'' "wearing a bronze head-band", from ''khalkos'' "bronze" and ''mitra'' "[[diadem]]".<ref name=hbwkey>{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/chalcomitra | accessdate=10 May 2018 }}</ref>
The genus ''Chalcomitra'' was introduced by the German naturalist [[Ludwig Reichenbach]] in 1853.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1853 | title=Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie | volume=6 | language=German | place=Dresden and Leipzig | publisher=Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte | page=277 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47722984 }}<!--tricky to find - see https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47722984 for a guide, H&M4 Vol. 2 p.270 gives year as 1853--></ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[amethyst sunbird]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=270 }}</ref> The name ''Chalcomitra'' is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''khalkomitros'' "wearing a bronze head-band", from ''khalkos'' "bronze" and ''mitra'' "[[diadem]]".<ref name=hbwkey>{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/chalcomitra | accessdate=10 May 2018 }}</ref>
==Species==

Its members are:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/dippers/| publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=10 May 2018 }}</ref>
Its members are:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/dippers/| publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=10 May 2018 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Buff-throated sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra adelberti''
|-
* [[Carmelite sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra fuliginosa''
! Male !! Female !! Common Name!! Scientific name !! Distribution
* [[Green-throated sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra rubescens''
|-
* [[Amethyst sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra amethystina''
|[[File:Buff-throated Sunbird - near Kakum NP - Ghana 14 S4E1680 (16016140920) (cropped2).jpg|120px]] || || [[Buff-throated sunbird]]||''Chalcomitra adelberti''||Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
⚫
* [[Scarlet-chested sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra senegalensis''
|-
* [[Hunter's sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra hunteri''
* [[Socotra sunbird]], ''Chalcomitra balfouri''
|[[File:Chalcomitra fuliginosa 350889.jpg|120px]] || ||[[Carmelite sunbird]]|| ''Chalcomitra fuliginosa''||Liberia, Angola
|-
|[[File:Chalcomitra rubescens 5678288, crop.jpg|120px]] || ||[[Green-throated sunbird]]||''Chalcomitra rubescens''|| Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
|-
|[[File:Amethyst sunbird, Chalcomitra amethystina, male at Loodswaai, Gauteng, South Africa. - 50613935926, crop.jpg|120px]] ||[[File:Amethyst sunbird, Chalcomitra amethystina, at Pilanesberg National Park, Northwest Province, South Africa (female) (17019732982), crop1.jpg|120px]] ||[[Amethyst sunbird]]|| ''Chalcomitra amethystina''|| Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
|-
|[[File:Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis, at Lake Chivero, Harare, Zimbabwe - male (21681953409).jpg|120px]] ||[[File:Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis, at Kruger National Park, South Africa. - 49385589796, crop.jpg|120px]] ||[[Scarlet-chested sunbird]] || ''Chalcomitra senegalensis''||Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
|-
|[[File:Hunters Sunbird RWD3d, crop.jpg|120px]] || ||[[Hunter's sunbird]]||''Chalcomitra hunteri''||Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
|-
|[[File:Chalcomitra balfouri Proceedingsofgen81zool 0245a (cropped).jpg|120px]] || || [[Socotra sunbird]]||''Chalcomitra balfouri''|| Socotra.
|-
|}


==References ==
==References ==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q859927}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q859927}}


[[Category:Nectariniidae]]
[[Category:Chalcomitra| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ludwig Reichenbach]]

Latest revision as of 12:12, 14 September 2024

Chalcomitra
An adult male Scarlet-chested sunbird (C. senegalensis) in South Africa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Nectariniidae
Genus: Chalcomitra
Reichenbach, 1853
Type species
Certhia amethystina[1]
Shaw, 1812
Species

See text

Chalcomitra is a genus of African sunbirds. Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia.

The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed most of the time.

The genus Chalcomitra was introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853.[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the amethyst sunbird.[3] The name Chalcomitra is from the Ancient Greek khalkomitros "wearing a bronze head-band", from khalkos "bronze" and mitra "diadem".[4]

Species

[edit]

Its members are:[5]

Male Female Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Buff-throated sunbird Chalcomitra adelberti Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
Carmelite sunbird Chalcomitra fuliginosa Liberia, Angola
Green-throated sunbird Chalcomitra rubescens Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
Amethyst sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Scarlet-chested sunbird Chalcomitra senegalensis Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Hunter's sunbird Chalcomitra hunteri Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Socotra sunbird Chalcomitra balfouri Socotra.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Nectariniidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Vol. 6. Dresden and Leipzig: Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. 277.
  3. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  4. ^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  5. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  • Barlow, Wacher and Disley, Birds of The Gambia ISBN 1-873403-32-1
  • Sinclair, Ian; Hockey, Phil; Tarboton, Warwick (2002). SASOL Birds of Southern Africa. Struik. ISBN 1-86872-721-1.
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