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{{short description|Group of Cuban exiles}}
{{short description|Group of Cuban exiles who attempted to invade Cuba}}
{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Brigade 2506
| unit_name = Brigade 2506
| native_name =
| native_name =
| image = Shield of Brigade 2506.svg
| image = Shield of Brigade 2506.svg
| image_size = 100
| image_size = 100
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| dates = May 1960 – December 1962
| dates = May 1960 – December 1962
| country = {{Flag|Cuba}}
| country = {{Flag|Cuba}}
| branch =
| countries =
⚫
| type = State-sponsored [[paramilitary organization]]
| allegiance = [[File:Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg|19px]] [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]
⚫
| role = [[Guerrilla warfare]]
| branch =
| size = 1,511
⚫
| type = State-sponsored [[paramilitary organization]]
⚫
| command_structure =
⚫
| role = [[Guerrilla warfare]]
⚫
| garrison = JMTrax, [[Guatemala]]
| size = 1,511
⚫
| garrison_label =
⚫
| command_structure =
| nickname =
⚫
| garrison = JMTrax, [[Guatemala]]
⚫
| motto = Overthrow [[Fidel Castro]]
⚫
| garrison_label =
| colors =
| nickname =
⚫
| colors_label =
| patron = {{Flag|USA}} ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]])
| march =
⚫
| motto = Overthrow [[Fidel Castro]]
| mascot =
| colors =
⚫
| anniversaries =
⚫
| colors_label =
⚫
| equipment =
| march =
⚫
| equipment_label =
| mascot =
| battles = {{Tree list}}
⚫
| anniversaries =
*[[Cold War]]
⚫
| equipment =
⚫
**[[Bay of Pigs Invasion]]
⚫
| equipment_label =
{{tree list/end}}
⚫
| battles = [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]]
| decorations =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =
| disbanded =
| flying_hours =
| flying_hours =
| website =
| website =
| current_commander =
| current_commander =
| commander1 =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| commander3 =
| commander3_label =
| commander3_label =
| commander4 =
| commander4 =
| commander4_label =
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| commander5 =
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| commander5_label =
| commander6 =
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| commander7 =
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| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->
| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label = Distinctive unit insignia
| identification_symbol_label = Distinctive unit insignia
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Flag of Brigade 2506.svg|border|100px]]
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:Flag of Brigade 2506.svg|border|100px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Brigade flag
| identification_symbol_2_label = Brigade flag
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
| identification_symbol_4 =
| identification_symbol_4 =
| identification_symbol_4_label = <!-- Aircraft -->
| identification_symbol_4_label = <!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
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| aircraft_transport =
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| aircraft_tanker =
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}}
}}
'''Brigade 2506''' (Brigada Asalto 2506) was a [[CIA]]-sponsored group of [[Cuban exile]]s formed in 1960 to attempt the military overthrow of the Cuban government headed by [[Fidel Castro]]. It carried out the abortive [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]] landings in [[Cuba]] on 17 April 1961.
'''Brigade 2506''' (Brigada Asalto 2506) was a [[CIA]]-sponsored group of [[Cuban exile]]s formed in 1960 to attempt the military overthrow of the Cuban government headed by [[Fidel Castro]]. It carried out the abortive [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]] landings in [[Cuba]] on 17 April 1961.


==History==
==History==
In May 1960, the CIA began to recruit anti-Castro Cuban exiles in the [[Miami]] area. For most recruits, infantry training was carried out at a CIA-run base code-named ''JMTrax'' near [[Retalhuleu]] in the [[Sierra Madre de Chiapas|Sierra Madre]] on the Pacific coast of [[Guatemala]]


In November 1960, with Gregorio Aguilar Matteo spearheading training with 430 men, the leaders were chosen and the group was named Brigade 2506. It was also known as the Blindado Battalion among members, using the membership number of Carlos (Carlyle) Rafael Santana Estevez, who had died in a training accident in September 1960.<ref>Johnson, Haynes. 1964, 1974. ''The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade 2506''. W.W. Norton & Co Inc. New York. {{ISBN|0-393-04263-4}}, p. 47</ref> The principal commanders were appointed as follows:<ref>Thomas, Hugh. 1971, 1986. ''The Cuban Revolution''. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London. (Shortened version of ''Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom'', includes all history 1952–1970) {{ISBN|0-297-79037-4}} {{ISBN|0-297-78954-6}}, p. 581</ref><ref>Fernandez, Jose Ramon. 2001. ''Playa Giron/Bay of Pigs: Washington's First Military Defeat in the Americas''. Pathfinder {{ISBN|0-87348-925-X}} {{ISBN|9780873489256}}, p. 101</ref>
In November 1960, with Gregorio Aguilar Matteo spearheading training with 430 men, the leaders were chosen and the group was named Brigade 2506, using the membership number of Carlos (Carlyle) Rafael Santana Estevez, who had died in a training accident in September 1960; it was also known as the Blindado Battalion among members.<ref>Johnson, Haynes. 1964, 1974. ''The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade 2506''. W.W. Norton & Co Inc. New York. {{ISBN|0-393-04263-4}}, p. 47</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2506 Brigade Flag |url=https://www.spymuseum.org/exhibition-experiences/about-the-collection/collection-highlights/2506-brigade-flag/ |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=International Spy Museum |language=en}}</ref> The principal commanders were appointed as follows:<ref>Thomas, Hugh. 1971, 1986. ''The Cuban Revolution''. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London. (Shortened version of ''Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom'', includes all history 1952–1970) {{ISBN|0-297-79037-4}} {{ISBN|0-297-78954-6}}, p. 581</ref><ref>Fernandez, Jose Ramon. 2001. ''Playa Giron/Bay of Pigs: Washington's First Military Defeat in the Americas''. Pathfinder {{ISBN|0-87348-925-X}} {{ISBN|9780873489256}}, p. 101</ref>


* [[Manuel Artime|Manuel Francisco Artime Buesa]]: Political leader
* [[Manuel Artime|Manuel Francisco Artime Buesa]]: Political leader
* [[Pepe San Román|José Alfredo Pérez San Román]]: Military commander
* [[Pepe San Román|José Alfredo Pérez San Román]] "Pepe": Military commander
* [[Erneido Oliva|Erneido Andrés Oliva González]]: Military second-in-command
* [[Erneido Oliva|Erneido Andrés Oliva González]]: Military second-in-command
* [[Manuel Villafaña Martínez]]: Commander of the air force
* [[Manuel Villafaña Martínez]]: Commander of the air force
* [[Ramón J. Ferrer Mena]]: Chief of staff
* [[Ramón J. Ferrer Mena]]: Chief of staff
* [[Enrique Ruíz Williams]]
* [[Enrique Ruíz-Williams]]
* [[Higinio Nino Díaz]]
* [[Higinio Nino Díaz]]
* [[Francisco Pérez Castro]] "Brillo": Infantry battalion
* [[Francisco Pérez Castro]] "Brillo": Infantry battalion
Line 105: Line 104:
* [[Francisco Montiel Maciera Rivera]]: 6th Infantry Battalion
* [[Francisco Montiel Maciera Rivera]]: 6th Infantry Battalion
* [[Roberto Pérez San Román]]: Heavy Gun Battalion
* [[Roberto Pérez San Román]]: Heavy Gun Battalion
[[File:JFK Brigade 2506 meeting.jpg|thumb|[[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Jackie Kennedy]] greet members of the brigade at the [[Miami Orange Bowl]]]]


About 1,334 men traveled on a seaborne force from Guatemala, of which about 1,297 actually landed in Cuba, plus an additional 177 airborne paratroops. An estimated 114 drowned or were killed in action, and 1,183 were captured, tried and imprisoned. Private sympathizers in the United States eventually negotiated to give $53 million worth of food and medicine in exchange for release and repatriation of Brigade prisoners to Miami starting on 23 December 1962. On 29 December 1962, President [[John F. Kennedy]] hosted a 'welcome back' ceremony for captured Brigade 2506 veterans at the [[Miami Orange Bowl|Orange Bowl]] in Miami. Some of its members have gone on to found the Brigade 2506 Veteran's Association, which controls the Bay of Pigs Museum & Library in Miami.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news|title=Exiles' passion still high 40 years after Bay of Pigs |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/04/17/bay.of.pigs/index.html |publisher=CNN |author=Susan Candiotti & Garrick Utley |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name="CNN2">{{cite news|title=Remembering the Bay of Pigs invasion |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/fyi/news/04/17/bay.of.pigs/ |publisher=CNN |author=Susan Candiotti & Garrick Utley |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name="Seattle1">{{cite news|title=Bay of Pigs vets have put their loss in perspective |date=2006-04-20 |author=Oscar Corral |work=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Time1">{{cite news|title=The Return of Brigade 2506 |date=January 4, 1963 |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>Thomas (1971){{page needed|date=October 2015}}</ref>
About 1,334 men traveled on a seaborne force from Guatemala, of which about 1,297 actually landed in Cuba, plus an additional 177 airborne paratroops. An estimated 114 drowned or were killed in action, and 1,183 were captured, tried and imprisoned. Private sympathizers in the United States eventually negotiated to give $53 million worth of food and medicine in exchange for release and repatriation of Brigade prisoners to Miami starting on 23 December 1962. On 29 December 1962, President [[John F. Kennedy]] hosted a 'welcome back' ceremony for captured Brigade 2506 veterans at the [[Miami Orange Bowl|Orange Bowl]] in Miami. Some of its members have gone on to found the Brigade 2506 Veterans' Association, which own the [[Bay of Pigs Museum|Bay of Pigs Museum & Library]] in Miami.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news|title=Exiles' passion still high 40 years after Bay of Pigs |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/04/17/bay.of.pigs/index.html |publisher=CNN |author=Susan Candiotti & Garrick Utley |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name="CNN2">{{cite news|title=Remembering the Bay of Pigs invasion |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/fyi/news/04/17/bay.of.pigs/ |publisher=CNN |author=Susan Candiotti & Garrick Utley |date=2001-04-17}}</ref><ref name="Seattle1">{{cite news|title=Bay of Pigs vets have put their loss in perspective |date=2006-04-20 |author=Oscar Corral |work=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Time1">{{cite magazine|title=The Return of Brigade 2506 |date=January 4, 1963 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>Thomas (1971){{page needed|date=October 2015}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Cuban dissident movement]]
*[[Cuban dissident movement]]
*[[James B. Donovan]]<ref name="www.cia.gov; June 16, 2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2016-featured-story-archive/the-negotiator.html |title=The Negotiator |date=June 16, 2017 |department=News & Information |series=Feature Story Archive |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref>
*[[James B. Donovan]]<ref name="www.cia.gov; June 16, 2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2016-featured-story-archive/the-negotiator.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307153339/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2016-featured-story-archive/the-negotiator.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 7, 2017 |title=The Negotiator |date=June 16, 2017 |department=News & Information |series=Feature Story Archive |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Washington, D.C. |access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref>
*[[Escambray rebellion]]
*[[Escambray rebellion]]


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==External links==
==External links==
{{Portal|Cuba}}
{{Portal|Cuba}}
* [http://www.bopva.org/ Bay of Pigs Veterans Association] ''Brigade 2506''
* [https://www.bayofpigsbrigade2506.com/ Bay of Pigs Veterans Association] ''Brigade 2506''
*[http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/C%20Disk/CIA%20Assault%20Brigade%202506/Item%2001.pdf ''Newsweek'' article about Brigade 2506]
*[http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/C%20Disk/CIA%20Assault%20Brigade%202506/Item%2001.pdf ''Newsweek'' article about Brigade 2506]


{{Cuba-United States relations}}
{{Cuba-United States relations}}
[[Category:Cuba–United States relations]]
[[Category:Cuba–United States relations]]
[[Category:Cuban Revolution]]
[[Category:Aftermath of the Cuban Revolution]]
[[Category:Opposition to Fidel Castro]]
[[Category:Opposition to Fidel Castro]]
[[Category:Central Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:Central Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:Guerrilla movements in Latin America]]
[[Category:Guerrilla movements in Latin America]]
[[Category:Anti-communist organizations in the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-communist organizations in the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-communist guerrilla organizations]]

Latest revision as of 03:20, 19 September 2024

Brigade 2506
ActiveMay 1960 – December 1962
Country Cuba
TypeState-sponsored paramilitary organization
RoleGuerrilla warfare
Size1,511
Garrison/HQJMTrax, Guatemala
Motto(s)Overthrow Fidel Castro
Engagements
Insignia
Brigade flag

Brigade 2506 (Brigada Asalto 2506) was a CIA-sponsored group of Cuban exiles formed in 1960 to attempt the military overthrow of the Cuban government headed by Fidel Castro. It carried out the abortive Bay of Pigs Invasion landings in Cuba on 17 April 1961.

History

[edit]

In November 1960, with Gregorio Aguilar Matteo spearheading training with 430 men, the leaders were chosen and the group was named Brigade 2506, using the membership number of Carlos (Carlyle) Rafael Santana Estevez, who had died in a training accident in September 1960; it was also known as the Blindado Battalion among members.[1][2] The principal commanders were appointed as follows:[3][4]

About 1,334 men traveled on a seaborne force from Guatemala, of which about 1,297 actually landed in Cuba, plus an additional 177 airborne paratroops. An estimated 114 drowned or were killed in action, and 1,183 were captured, tried and imprisoned. Private sympathizers in the United States eventually negotiated to give $53 million worth of food and medicine in exchange for release and repatriation of Brigade prisoners to Miami starting on 23 December 1962. On 29 December 1962, President John F. Kennedy hosted a 'welcome back' ceremony for captured Brigade 2506 veterans at the Orange Bowl in Miami. Some of its members have gone on to found the Brigade 2506 Veterans' Association, which own the Bay of Pigs Museum & Library in Miami.[5][6][7][8][9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Johnson, Haynes. 1964, 1974. The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade 2506. W.W. Norton & Co Inc. New York. ISBN 0-393-04263-4, p. 47
  2. ^ "2506 Brigade Flag". International Spy Museum. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  3. ^ Thomas, Hugh. 1971, 1986. The Cuban Revolution. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London. (Shortened version of Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom, includes all history 1952–1970) ISBN 0-297-79037-4 ISBN 0-297-78954-6, p. 581
  4. ^ Fernandez, Jose Ramon. 2001. Playa Giron/Bay of Pigs: Washington's First Military Defeat in the Americas. Pathfinder ISBN 0-87348-925-X ISBN 9780873489256, p. 101
  5. ^ Susan Candiotti & Garrick Utley (2001-04-17). "Exiles' passion still high 40 years after Bay of Pigs". CNN.
  6. ^ Susan Candiotti & Garrick Utley (2001-04-17). "Remembering the Bay of Pigs invasion". CNN.
  7. ^ Oscar Corral (2006-04-20). "Bay of Pigs vets have put their loss in perspective". The Seattle Times.
  8. ^ "The Return of Brigade 2506". Time. January 4, 1963.
  9. ^ Thomas (1971)[page needed]
  10. ^ "The Negotiator". News & Information. Feature Story Archive. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. June 16, 2017. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
[edit]
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