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Sign near Princess Juliana International Airport warning passers-by about the risks of jet blast.

Jet blast is the phenomenon of rapid air movement produced by the jet engines of aircraft, particularly on or before takeoff. A large jet-engine aircraft can produce winds of up to 100 knots (190 km/h; 120 mph)^[1] as far away as 60 metres (200 ft) behind it at 40% maximum rated power.^[2] Jet blast can be a hazard to people or other unsecured objects, and can reach wind speeds comparable to those of a Category 5 hurricane, causing roof failure or total collapse in buildings, and severely damaging or destroying things like mobile homes, utility buildings, and trees.^[3]

Despite the power and potentially destructive nature of jet blast, there are relatively few jet blast incidents.^[2] Due to the invisible nature of jet blast and the aerodynamic properties of light aircraft, light aircraft moving about airports are particularly vulnerable. Pilots of light aircraft frequently stay off to the side of the runway, rather than follow in the centre, to negate the effect of the blast.^{[citation needed]} Occasionally, when the ground surface is badly chosen, jet blast from aircraft can rip up sections of asphalt weighing up to tens of kilograms (double-digits of pounds), damaging the aircraft.^[3]

Maho Beach in Sint Maarten is famous for its unique proximity to the runway of Princess Juliana International Airport, allowing people to experience jet blast, a practice that is discouraged by the local authorities. A tourist was killed on 12 July 2017 when she was blown away by jet blast, which caused her head to smash into concrete.^[4] Skiathos Airport in Greece similarly allows people to experience jet blast, as its runway is located near a public road.^[5]

Propeller planes are also capable of generating significant rearwards winds, known as prop wash.^[6]

References

^ Morrison, Rowena. ASRS Directline, Issue Number 6, August 1993. "Ground Jet Blast Hazard." Retrieved on November 13, 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Ground Jet Blast Hazard". Asrs.arc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
^ ^a ^b De Courville, Bertrand; Thisselin, Jean-Jacques (2004). "Applying take-off thrust on unsuitable pavement surface may have hidden dangers" (PDF). Icao Journal. 3.
^ "Jet blast kills tourist at airport in Sint Maarten". BNO News. July 13, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
^ "Passenger jets skim over tourists' heads at Skiathos Island Airport in Greece". Stuff. 8 August 2016.
^ Godlewski, Meg (2024-02-21). "Paper Chase: Beware of Prop Wash". FLYING Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-11.

[1] Morrison, Rowena. ASRS Directline, Issue Number 6, August 1993. "Ground Jet Blast Hazard." Retrieved on November 13, 2009.

[autogenerated1-2] "Ground Jet Blast Hazard". Asrs.arc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2013-07-05.

[:0-3] De Courville, Bertrand; Thisselin, Jean-Jacques (2004). "Applying take-off thrust on unsuitable pavement surface may have hidden dangers" (PDF). Icao Journal. 3.

[BNO-4] "Jet blast kills tourist at airport in Sint Maarten". BNO News. July 13, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

[5] "Passenger jets skim over tourists' heads at Skiathos Island Airport in Greece". Stuff. 8 August 2016.

[6] Godlewski, Meg (2024-02-21). "Paper Chase: Beware of Prop Wash". FLYING Magazine. Retrieved 2024-04-11.

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 [[Image:SXMDanger.jpg|thumb|Sign near [[Princess Juliana International Airport]] warning passers-by about the risks of jet blast.]]
+'''Jet blast''' is the phenomenon of rapid air movement produced by the [[Jet engine|jet]] [[engines]] of [[aircraft]], particularly on or before takeoff. A large jet-engine aircraft can produce winds of up to {{convert|100|kn}}<ref>Morrison, Rowena. ASRS Directline, Issue Number 6, August 1993. "Ground Jet Blast Hazard." Retrieved on November 13, 2009.</ref> as far away as {{convert|60|m|ft}} behind it at 40% maximum rated power.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/publications/directline/dl6_blast.htm |title=Ground Jet Blast Hazard |publisher=Asrs.arc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-07-05}}</ref> Jet blast can be a hazard to people or other unsecured objects, and can reach wind speeds comparable to those of a [[Category 5 hurricane]], causing roof failure or total collapse in buildings, and severely damaging or destroying things like mobile homes, utility buildings, and trees.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=De Courville |first=Bertrand |last2=Thisselin |first2=Jean-Jacques |date=2004 |title=Applying take-off thrust on unsuitable pavement surface may have hidden dangers |url=https://skybrary.aero/sites/default/files/bookshelf/781.pdf |journal=Icao Journal |volume=3}}</ref>
-'''Jet blast''' is the phenomenon of rapid air movement produced by the [[Jet engine|jet]] [[engines]] of [[aircraft]], particularly on or before takeoff.
+Despite the power and potentially destructive nature of jet blast, there are relatively few jet blast incidents.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Due to the invisible nature of jet blast and the aerodynamic properties of light aircraft, light aircraft moving about airports are particularly vulnerable.  Pilots of light aircraft frequently stay off to the side of the runway, rather than follow in the centre, to negate the effect of the blast.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} Occasionally, when the ground surface is badly chosen, jet blast from aircraft can rip up sections of asphalt weighing up to tens of kilograms (double-digits of pounds), damaging the aircraft.<ref name=":0" />
-A large jet-engined aircraft can produce winds of up to {{convert|100|kn}} <ref>Morrison, Rowena. ASRS Directline, Issue Number 6, August 1993. "Ground Jet Blast Hazard." Retrieved on November 13, 2009.</ref> as far away as {{convert|60|m|ft}} behind it at 40% maximum rated power.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/publications/directline/dl6_blast.htm |title=Ground Jet Blast Hazard |publisher=Asrs.arc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-07-05}}</ref> Jet blast can be a hazard to people or other unsecured objects behind the aircraft, and is capable of flattening buildings and destroying vehicles. <ref>{{cite web|title=Jet blast destroying a car|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBg8-Wz8Zow |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/FBg8-Wz8Zow |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|website=Youtube|accessdate=8 September 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
+[[File:US Navy 030405-N-9951B-021 Two F-A-18 Hornets prepare to launch.jpg|thumb|In 2003, aboard the {{USS|Abraham Lincoln|CVN-72}}, a [[jet blast deflector]] is raised hydraulically to protect one [[F/A-18 Hornet]] from the jet exhaust of another.]]
-Despite the power and potentially destructive nature of jet blast, there are relatively few jet blast incidents.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Due to the invisible nature of jet blast and the aerodynamic properties of light aircraft, light aircraft moving about airports are particularly vulnerable.  Pilots of light aircraft frequently stay off to the side of the runway, rather than follow in the centre, to negate the effect of the blast.
+[[Maho Beach]] in [[Sint Maarten]] is famous for its unique proximity to the runway of [[Princess Juliana International Airport]], allowing people to experience jet blast, a practice that is discouraged by the local authorities. A tourist was killed on 12 July 2017 when she was blown away by jet blast, which caused her head to smash into concrete.<ref name="BNO">{{cite news |url=https://bnonews.com/index.php/2017/07/jet-blast-kills-tourist-at-airport-in-sint-maarten/ |title=Jet blast kills tourist at airport in Sint Maarten |date=July 13, 2017 |work=[[BNO News]] |access-date=July 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Skiathos Airport]] in Greece similarly allows people to experience jet blast, as its runway is located near a public road.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2016 |title=Passenger jets skim over tourists' heads at Skiathos Island Airport in Greece |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/europe/82970645/passenger-jets-skim-over-tourists-heads-at-skiathos-island-airport-in-greece |website=Stuff}}</ref>
-[[File:US Navy 030405-N-9951B-021 Two F-A-18 Hornets prepare to launch.jpg|thumb|In 2003, aboard the {{USS|Abraham Lincoln|CVN-72}}, a jet blast deflector is raised hydraulically to protect one [[F/A-18 Hornet]] from the jet exhaust of another.]]
-[[Propeller (aircraft)|Propeller]] planes are also capable of generating significant rearwards winds, known as [[prop wash]].
+[[Propeller (aircraft)|Propeller]] planes are also capable of generating significant rearwards winds, known as [[prop wash]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godlewski |first=Meg |date=2024-02-21 |title=Paper Chase: Beware of Prop Wash |url=https://www.flyingmag.com/paper-chase-beware-of-prop-wash/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=FLYING Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
-[[Maho Beach]] in [[Sint Maarten]] is famous for its unique proximity to the runway of [[Princess Juliana International Airport]], allowing people to experience jet blast, a practice that is discouraged by the local authorities. A tourist was killed on 12 July 2017 when she was blown away by jet blast, which caused her head to smash into concrete.<ref name="BNO">{{cite news |url=https://bnonews.com/index.php/2017/07/jet-blast-kills-tourist-at-airport-in-sint-maarten/ |title=Jet blast kills tourist at airport in Sint Maarten |date=July 13, 2017 |work=[[BNO News]] |access-date=July 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Skiathos Airport]] in Greece similarly allows people to experience jet blast, as its runway is located near a public road.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/europe/82970645/passenger-jets-skim-over-tourists-heads-at-skiathos-island-airport-in-greece | title=Passenger jets skim over tourists' heads at Skiathos Island Airport in Greece | date=8 August 2016 }}</ref>
-Some airports have installed [[jet blast deflector]]s in areas where roads or people may be in the path of the jet blast on take off.
-In one episode of [[Mythbusters]], the effects of jet blasts are shown.
 ==See also==
 * [[Maho Beach]], a beach in Saint Maarten popular for experiencing jet blast
+* [[Air Moorea Flight 1121]], a plane crash in 2007 that investigators suspect jet blast was a factor
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
+[[Category:Aircraft aerodynamics]]
-==External links==
-* [http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/publications/directline/dl6_blast.htm NASA site on jet blast]
 [[Category:Aircraft engines]]
 [[Category:Aviation safety]]
 [[Category:Aviation risks]]
+[[Category:Jet engines]]