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==27 February 2002 incident==
[[File:Godhra jn railway station.JPG|thumb|The platform at Godhra Junction. The incident took place a short distance away.]]
In February 2002, thousands of devotees of [[Rama]] (known as "Ramsevaks" or "[[Kar Sevak]]s") traveled from [[Gujarat]] to [[Ayodhya]] at the behest of the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] to participate in a ceremony called the Purnahuti Maha Yagna. On 25 February, 1,700 people, a mix of pilgrims and karsevaks, boarded the [[Sabarmati Express]], which was bound for [[Ahmedabad]].<ref name=rediff1>{{cite news|title=Fifty-eight killed in attack on Sabarmati Express |url=http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2002/feb/27train2.htm|access-date=11 May 2013|newspaper=Rediff|date=27 February 2002}}</ref> On 27 February 2002, the train made a scheduled stop at Godhra around four hours late, at 7:43 am. As the train began to leave the platform, someone pulled the [[Emergency brake (train)|emergency brake]], causing it to stop near the signal point. The train driver later stated that the brake chain had been pulled multiple times, as indicated by the instruments in his cabin.<ref name=driver>{{cite news|title=Sabarmati Express drivers appear before panel |url=
According to one narrative, the train was attacked by a mob of around 2,000 people. After some stone-pelting, four train coaches were set on fire, trapping many people inside. Fifty-nine people, including 27 women and 10 children, were burned to death, while 48 others were injured.<ref>{{cite news|title=What is the 2002 Godhra train burning case?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/what-is-godhra-case-gujarat-riots-sabarmati-express-narendra-modi-4881537/|website=The Indian Express|date=9 October 2017|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref> J. Mahapatra, the [[Additional Director General of Police|Additional Director General]] of [[Gujarat]] Police, stated that "miscreants had kept petrol-soaked rags ready for use much before the train had arrived at [[Godhra]]."<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Onkar |title=No women kidnapped in Godhra: Police |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/mar/06train1.htm |access-date=6 April 2014 |newspaper=Rediff |date=7 March 2002}}</ref> In September 2008, the [[Nanavati-Mehta Commission]] submitted the first part of its report, which concluded that the burning of the S-6 coach of the Sabarmati Express near [[Godhra]] railway station was a "planned conspiracy."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/nanavati-commission-submits-final-report-on-2002-gujarat-riots/?SocialMedia | title=2002 Gujarat riots: Nanavati Commission submits final report to Anandiben Patel | date=18 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Nanavati-panels-final-report-in-July/articleshow/35740740.cms | title=Nanavati panel's final report in July | India News – Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=30 May 2014 }}</ref>
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Several independent commentators also concluded that the fire was almost certainly an accident, noting that the initial cause of the blaze was never conclusively determined.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=Barbara D. |url= |title=A Concise History of Modern India |last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas R. |date=2012-09-24 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-02649-0 |pages=280 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark-Decès |first=Isabelle |url= |title=A Companion to the Anthropology of India |date=2011-02-28 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-4051-9892-9 |pages=245 |language=en}}</ref> Historian [[Ainslie Thomas Embree]] stated that the official account of the train attack—that it was organized and carried out by people under orders from Pakistan—was entirely baseless.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Seiple |first1=Chris |url= |title=The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Security |last2=Hoover |first2=Dennis |last3=Otis |first3=Pauletta |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-66744-9 |pages=233 |language=en}}</ref> Scholar [[Martha Nussbaum]] similarly challenged this narrative, stating that several inquiries found the fire to be the result of an accident rather than a planned conspiracy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nussbaum |first=Martha C. |url= |title=The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future |date=2008 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03059-6 |pages=17–19 |language=en}}</ref>
Forewarning of the violent incident was also noted. Additional director general of police G. C. Raigar had informed prior to the Godhra train burning that the [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP) activists could instigate communal violence. He was removed from his post after he provided evidence to the media outlets to show that the state could be compromised by VHP activists who were arriving to and from Ayodhya.<ref name="v626">{{cite web | last=Desk | first=Outlook Web | title=Massacres In Godhra And Ahmedabad | website=Outlook India | date=2002-05-01 | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/massacres-in-godhra-and-ahmedabad-news-215419 | access-date=2024-10-07}}</ref><ref name="m020">{{cite web | title=VI. THE GODHRA INVESTIGATION | website=Human Rights Watch | date=2002-02-27 | url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/india0703/Gujarat-05.htm | access-date=2024-10-07}}</ref>
==Inquiries==
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* The 2013 film ''[[Kai Po Che!]]'' had the Gujarat riots as a backdrop for the main narrative. It was based on the novel ''[[The 3 Mistakes of My Life]]'' written by [[Chetan Bhagat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Trisha |date=2013-03-07 |title=Framing the divide |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/framing-the-divide/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* The 2004 documentary ''[[Final Solution (2004 film)|Final Solution]]'' depicts the train burning and the Gujarat riots that followed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-08-06 |title=India bans religious riot movie |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3542340.stm |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref>
* ''[[Accident or Conspiracy: Godhra]]'' Exploring the events of Godhra is the film's goal. Was there an organized plot, or was it just a random act of people setting the train on fire in a fit of rage''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident or Conspiracy Godhra teaser out. Film based on Nanavati Commission report promises to uncover the truth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/accident-or-conspiracy-godhra-teaser-out-film-based-on-nanavati-commission-report-promises-to-uncover-the-truth-2386399-2023-05-30 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=India Today |date=30 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[The Sabarmati Report]],'' an upcoming 2024 Hindi film
==See also==
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[[Category:Conflicts in 2002]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2002]]
[[Category:Arson attacks on vehicles in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Gujarat (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]
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