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{{Confused|Gretchen frisur}}
{{short description|American alpine skier}}
{{short description|American alpine skier}}
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{{Distinguish|Gretchen frisur}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
{{Infobox sportsperson
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| fullname =
| fullname =
| nickname =
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| nationality = American
| residence =
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|2|11}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|2|11}}
| birth_place = [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]
| birth_place = [[Tacoma, Washington]], US
| death_date = {{death date and age|1994|2|17|1919|2|11}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1994|2|17|1919|2|11}}
| death_place = [[Sun Valley, Idaho]]<ref name="death">{{cite news|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19940217&slug=1895723|newspaper=Seattle Times|title=Gretchen Fraser, 1948 Olympic Champ, dies|agency=Associated Press|date=February 17, 1994}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Sun Valley, Idaho]], US<ref name="death">{{cite news|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19940217&slug=1895723|newspaper=Seattle Times|title=Gretchen Fraser, 1948 Olympic Champ, dies|agency=Associated Press|date=February 17, 1994}}</ref>
| height = 5 ft 4 in
| height = 5 ft 4 in
| weight = 117 lb
| weight = 117 lb
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[[File:Gretchen Fraser Special Slalom.jpg|thumb|Gretchen Fraser skiing in a Special Slalom event on May 5, 1948, after winning an Olympic gold medal in February of the same year.]]

'''Gretchen Kunigk Fraser''' (February 11, 1919 &ndash; February 17, 1994) was an American [[Alpine skiing|alpine ski racer]] and nurse. She was the first American to win an [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medal in skiing, as well as the first American to win an Olympic silver medal in skiing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeifer |first=Luanne |title=Gretchen's Gold: The Story of Gretchen Fraser, America's First Gold Medalist in Olympic Skiing |date=October 1996 |publisher=Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Inc. |isbn=9781575100197 |location=Missoula, Montana |pages=}}</ref> She was also the skiing [[stand-in]] for ice skater [[Sonja Henie]] in the movies ''[[Thin Ice (1937 film)|Thin Ice]]'' (1937) and ''[[Sun Valley Serenade]]'' (1941).<ref name="legacy">{{cite web|url= http://www.legacy.com/news/explore-history/article/gretchen-fraser-goes-gold|title= Gretchen Fraser Goes Gold|publisher= Legacy.com|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref> Fraser was revered in her time for her contributions to American athletics, receiving [[Ticker-tape parade|ticker-tape parades]] and brand sponsorships upon her return to the United States following her Olympic win.
'''Gretchen Kunigk Fraser''' (February 11, 1919 &ndash; February 17, 1994) was an American [[Alpine skiing|alpine ski racer]] and nurse. She was the first American to win an [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medal in skiing, as well as the first American to win an Olympic silver medal in skiing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pfeifer |first=Luanne |title=Gretchen's Gold: The Story of Gretchen Fraser, America's First Gold Medalist in Olympic Skiing |date=October 1996 |publisher=Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Inc. |isbn=9781575100197 |location=Missoula, Montana |pages=}}</ref> She was also the first American to be awarded the Pery Medal by the ski club of Great Britain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pery Medal |url=https://www.skiclub.co.uk/about/ski-club-awards/the-pery-medal/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Ski Club Of Great Britain |language=en-GB}}</ref> She was also the skiing [[stand-in]] for ice skater [[Sonja Henie]] in the movies ''[[Thin Ice (1937 film)|Thin Ice]]'' (1937) and ''[[Sun Valley Serenade]]'' (1941).<ref name="legacy">{{cite web|url= http://www.legacy.com/news/explore-history/article/gretchen-fraser-goes-gold|title= Gretchen Fraser Goes Gold|publisher= Legacy.com|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref> Fraser was revered in her time for her contributions to American athletics, receiving [[ticker-tape parade]]s and brand sponsorships upon her return to the United States following her Olympic win.


==Background==
==Background==
Born in [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], Gretchen Kunigk was the daughter of [[Germany|German]] and [[Norway|Norwegian]] immigrants, Willibald and Clara Kunigk. Her Norwegian-born mother was a skier and Gretchen first skied at age 13, at [[Paradise, Washington|Paradise Valley]] on the south slopes of [[Mount Rainier]] in December 1932. Under the tutelage of [[Otto Lang (film producer)|Otto Lang,]] she became a proficient ski racer. Gretchen served as president of the Ski Club at [[Stadium High School]] in Tacoma, Washington and later competed on the ski team at the [[University of Puget Sound]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://retro-skiing.com/2014/01/gretchens-gold/|title= Gretchen's Gold|publisher= RetroSki |author= Greg Morrill |date= January 16, 2014|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref> As a member of the ski team, she won several competitions on Mount Rainier.
Born in [[Tacoma, Washington]], Gretchen Kunigk was the daughter of [[Germany|German]] and [[Norway|Norwegian]] immigrants, Willibald and Clara Kunigk. Her Norwegian-born mother was a skier and Gretchen first skied at age 13, at [[Paradise, Washington|Paradise Valley]] on the south slopes of [[Mount Rainier]] in December 1932. Under the tutelage of [[Otto Lang (film producer)|Otto Lang]], she became a proficient ski racer. Gretchen served as president of the Ski Club at [[Stadium High School]] in Tacoma, Washington and later competed on the ski team at the [[University of Puget Sound]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://retro-skiing.com/2014/01/gretchens-gold/|title= Gretchen's Gold|publisher= RetroSki |author= Greg Morrill |date= January 16, 2014|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref> As a member of the ski team, she won several competitions on Mount Rainier.


==Athletic Career==
==Athletic career==
In 1938, she traveled to [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]], [[Idaho]] to compete in the second [[W. Averell Harriman|Harriman]] Cup, a new international event featuring the best racers in the world. Both Gretchen and her husband, Donald, were members of the [[1940 Winter Olympics|1940 Olympic]] team, games that were cancelled due to [[World War II]]. She spent the war years skiing in Otto Lang's military training films for the [[10th Mountain Division]] and helping to rehabilitate wounded and disabled veterans through skiing, setting the stage for her lifelong commitment to working with disabled skiers (see Nursing Career section below).
In 1938, she traveled to [[Sun Valley, Idaho]] to compete in the second [[W. Averell Harriman|Harriman]] Cup, a new international event featuring the best racers in the world. Both Gretchen and her husband, Donald, were members of the [[1940 Winter Olympics|1940 Olympic]] team, games that were cancelled due to [[World War II]]. She spent the war years skiing in Otto Lang's military training films for the [[10th Mountain Division]] and helping to rehabilitate wounded and disabled veterans through skiing, setting the stage for her lifelong commitment to working with disabled skiers (see Nursing Career section below).


Fraser competed in the [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]] in [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics|1948]]. A week before her 29th birthday, Fraser won the [[gold medal]] in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom|slalom]] and a [[silver medal]] in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Women's combined|combined]] event in [[Piz Nair|St. Moritz]], [[Switzerland]].<sup> </sup> She returned home to a ticker-tape parade in [[New York City|New York]] and grand receptions in Tacoma, Washington, [[Vancouver, Washington]], and [[Portland, Oregon]]. Fraser was the guest of honor for the 1948 [[Narcissus (plant)|Daffodil]] Parade in Tacoma , Washington.
Fraser competed in the [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]] in [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics|1948]]. A week before her 29th birthday, Fraser won the [[gold medal]] in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Women's slalom|slalom]] and a [[silver medal]] in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Women's combined|combined]] event in [[Piz Nair|St. Moritz]], [[Switzerland]].&nbsp; She returned home to a ticker-tape parade in [[New York City|New York]] and grand receptions in Tacoma, Washington, [[Vancouver, Washington]], and [[Portland, Oregon]]. Fraser was the guest of honor for the 1948 [[Narcissus (plant)|Daffodil]] Parade in Tacoma, Washington.


She retired from competition soon after the 1948 Olympics and became an ambassador for [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]] and skiing. However, she returned to the skiing world as the coach of the [[1952 Olympics|1952]] US Women's Olympic team. Later in life she was a mentor to aspiring female ski racers at Sun Valley, including Olympians [[Susan Corrock|Susie Corrock]], [[Christin Cooper]], [[Picabo Street]], two-time gold medalist [[Andrea Mead Lawrence]], and [[Paralympic Games|Paralympian]] [[Muffy Davis]].
She retired from competition soon after the 1948 Olympics and became an ambassador for [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]] and skiing. However, she returned to the skiing world as the coach of the [[1952 Olympics|1952]] US Women's Olympic team. Later in life she was a mentor to aspiring female ski racers at Sun Valley, including Olympians [[Susan Corrock|Susie Corrock]], [[Christin Cooper]], [[Picabo Street]], two-time gold medalist [[Andrea Mead Lawrence]], and [[Paralympic Games|Paralympian]] [[Muffy Davis]].


Fraser's husband, Don, was a pilot, which inspired her to begin flying. She began flying before the Olympics but officially became a private pilot in 1958. She later met pilot [[Chuck Yeager]] and co-piloted [[Jet aircraft|jets]] with him. She was inducted into the [[Boise, Idaho]] chapter of The Ninety-Nines, Inc., an association for women pilots.
Fraser's husband, Don, was a pilot, which inspired her to begin flying. She began flying before the Olympics but officially became a private pilot in 1958. She later met pilot [[Chuck Yeager]] and co-piloted [[Jet aircraft|jets]] with him. She was inducted into the [[Boise, Idaho]] chapter of The Ninety-Nines, Inc., an association for women pilots.


=== Gretchen's First Place Wins ===
⚫
== Nursing Career ==

⚫
After the Olympics, Fraser resumed her work with the disabled community that had began during WWII. A lifelong [[Equestrianism|equestrian]], she taught horseback riding and [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]] in a rehabilitation clinic at [[Madigan Army Medical Center]] (then Madigan Convalescent Hospital) in [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis, Washington.]] She was a founding member of the Oregon Institute for Rehabilitation in Portland, which started as a small clinic with volunteers from the [[Junior League]]. She served on the board for 27 years (Gretchen’s Gold 113-14). In addition to working at Madigan, Fraser worked at the United States Naval Special Hospital in Sun Valley and Burrell Hospital in [[Brighton, Utah|Brighten, Utah.]]
==== 1937 ====

* Pacific Northwest Championships (PNW), Spokane, WA
* PNW Downhill, Mt. Hood, OR
* PW Combined, Mt. Hood, OR

==== 1938 ====

* Open Slalom, Mt. Rainier, WA
* Silver Skies, Mt. Rainier, WA
* Golden Rose Downhill, Mt Hood, OR

==== 1939 ====

* PNSA Championships, Yakima, WA
* Jeffers Cup, Sun Valley, ID
* Alta Snow Cup, Alta, UT

==== 1940 ====

* Silver Belt, Sugar Bowl, CA
* Downhill, US Nationals, Aspen, CO
* Combined, US Nationals, Aspen, CO

==== 1941 ====

* Downhill, Harriman Cup, Sun Valley, ID
* Combined, Harriman Cup, Sun Valley, ID
* Slalom, US Nationals, Yosemite, CA

==== 1942 ====

* Snow Cup, Alta, UT
* Jeffers Cup, Sun Valley, ID

____________

''World War II''

____________

==== 1946 ====

* Downhill, Golden Rose, Mt. Hood, OR
* PNSA Amateur Championships, Stevens Pass, WA
* Downhill, Slalom, Combined Championships, Mt. Hood, OR

==== 1947 ====

* Downhill, Olympic Tryouts, Sun Valley, ID
* Combined, Olympic Tryouts, Sun Valley, ID
* Golden Rose, Mt. Hood, OR

''Sources for the above wins from Gretchen's Gold, pages 171-172.''

<nowiki>*</nowiki>At the time of these wins, Gretchen only competed in the United States. After Gretchen's two Olympic medal events, Europeans began inviting Americans to compete in European competitions. Gretchen was the inspiration for Europe to include American competitors in their events.

⚫
== Nursing career ==
⚫
After the Olympics, Fraser resumed her work with the disabled community that had begun during WWII. A lifelong [[Equestrianism|equestrian]], she taught horseback riding and [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]] in a rehabilitation clinic at [[Madigan Army Medical Center]] (then Madigan Convalescent Hospital) in [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis, Washington.]] She was a founding member of the Oregon Institute for Rehabilitation in Portland, which started as a small clinic with volunteers from the [[Junior League]]. She served on the board for 27 years (Gretchen's Gold 113–14). In addition to working at Madigan, Fraser worked at the United States Naval Special Hospital in Sun Valley and Burrell Hospital in [[Brighton, Utah|Brighten, Utah.]]


During WWII, Gretchen implemented the first application of the [[Outrigger ski|Outrigger]] Ski System so the amputee veterans at the Sun Valley hospital could learn to ski. About fifteen years later, she helped to organize the Flying Outriggers Ski Club at [[Mount Hood, Oregon|Mt. Hood, Oregon]], which was the first adaptive ski club in America. The outrigger ski system has been adapted throughout the world.
During WWII, Gretchen implemented the first application of the [[Outrigger ski|Outrigger]] Ski System so the amputee veterans at the Sun Valley hospital could learn to ski. About fifteen years later, she helped to organize the Flying Outriggers Ski Club at [[Mount Hood, Oregon|Mt. Hood, Oregon]], which was the first adaptive ski club in America. The outrigger ski system has been adapted throughout the world.


Fraser’s work with paralympians in Sun Valley led to her earning the National Paralympic Coach of the Year award in 1984.
Fraser's work with paralympians in Sun Valley led to her earning the National Paralympic Coach of the Year award in 1984.


== Personal Life ==
== Personal life ==
She met [[1936 Winter Olympics|1936 Olympian]] and Northwest ski champion Donald Fraser (1913–1994) of the [[Washington Huskies|University of Washington]] on the train trip to central Idaho. They were married in November 1939 in Tacoma and Sun Valley became their home.After the war, the Frasers moved to [[Vancouver, Washington]]. They had one son, Donald Fraser, Jr.
She met [[1936 Winter Olympics|1936 Olympian]] and Northwest ski champion Donald Fraser (1913–1994) of the [[Washington Huskies|University of Washington]] on the train trip to central Idaho. They were married in November 1939 in Tacoma and Sun Valley became their home. After the war, the Frasers moved to [[Vancouver, Washington]]. They had one son, Donald Fraser Jr.


Fraser was involved in the formation of the American Athletic Academy, assisting athletes with education and career counseling.<ref>Pfeifer, Luanne. ''Gretchen's Gold''. p. 111.</ref>
Fraser was involved in the formation of the American Athletic Academy, assisting athletes with education and career counseling.<ref>Pfeifer, Luanne. ''Gretchen's Gold''. p. 111.</ref>


== Appearance in Comic Books ==
== Appearance in comic books ==
Gretchen Fraser was featured in two cartoons created by Wheaties cereal to promote their brand. These advertisements were showcased in various [[Comic book|comic books.]]
Gretchen Fraser was featured in two cartoons created by Wheaties cereal to promote their brand. These advertisements were showcased in various [[Comic book|comic books.]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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==Death==
==Death==
Fraser died at age 75 in February 1994, during the [[Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]]; her husband of 54 years, Don Fraser, had died a month earlier. They are buried at the city [[cemetery]] in [[Ketchum, Idaho|Ketchum, Idaho.]]<ref name="death"/>
Fraser died at age 75 in February 1994, during the [[Alpine skiing at the 1994 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]]; her husband of 54 years, Don Fraser, had died a month earlier. They are buried at the city [[cemetery]] in [[Ketchum, Idaho]].<ref name="death"/>


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
*Fraser was inducted into the Tacoma-Pierce County Sports Hall of Fame in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tacoma Sports Museum |url=https://www.tacomasportsmuseum.com/hall-of-fames/detail.php?id=2 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=www.tacomasportsmuseum.com}}</ref>
*Fraser was inducted into the [[National Ski Hall of Fame]] in 1960 and the Intermountain Ski Hall of Fame in [[Park City, Utah|Park City]] in the inaugural class of 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.engenmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/gretchen-k-fraser|title= Gretchen Kunigk Fraser|publisher= Alf Engen Museum Foundation|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref>
*Fraser was inducted into the [[National Ski Hall of Fame]] in 1960 and the Intermountain Ski Hall of Fame in [[Park City, Utah|Park City]] in the inaugural class of 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.engenmuseum.org/hall-of-fame/gretchen-k-fraser|title= Gretchen Kunigk Fraser|publisher= Alf Engen Museum Foundation|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref>
*In 1960, she was inducted into the [[State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame]] and the [[University of Puget Sound]] Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonsportshof.com/skiing.htm|title=Gretchen Kunigk Fraser|publisher=State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame|access-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414185734/http://washingtonsportshof.com/skiing.htm|archive-date=April 14, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*In 1960, she was inducted into the [[State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame]] and the [[University of Puget Sound]] Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonsportshof.com/skiing.htm|title=Gretchen Kunigk Fraser|publisher=State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame|access-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414185734/http://washingtonsportshof.com/skiing.htm|archive-date=April 14, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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*Fraser was inducted into the Sun Valley Winter Sports Hall of Fame Class of 2013 with her husband, Don Fraser.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sun Valley Winter Sports Hall of Fame |url=https://comlib.org/center-for-regional-history/sun-valley-winter-sports-hall-of-fame/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Community Library |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Fraser was inducted into the Sun Valley Winter Sports Hall of Fame Class of 2013 with her husband, Don Fraser.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sun Valley Winter Sports Hall of Fame |url=https://comlib.org/center-for-regional-history/sun-valley-winter-sports-hall-of-fame/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=Community Library |language=en-US}}</ref>
*In 2020, [[List of governors of Idaho|Governor of Idaho]] [[Brad Little]] recommended Fraser in response to the Building and Rebuilding Monuments to American Heroes [[Executive order|Executive Order]].<ref>Little, Brad. ''Letter to Secretary David Bernhardt.'' August 27, 2020. https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/idaho-governor-response.pdf</ref>
*In 2020, [[List of governors of Idaho|Governor of Idaho]] [[Brad Little]] recommended Fraser in response to the Building and Rebuilding Monuments to American Heroes [[Executive order|Executive Order]].<ref>Little, Brad. ''Letter to Secretary David Bernhardt.'' August 27, 2020. https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/idaho-governor-response.pdf</ref>
*She was inducted into the Olympic and Paralympic Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2022, in the "Legend" category.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Edie Thys |date=2022-06-23 |title=America’s First Olympic Ski Medalist Gets Her Due, 74 Years Later |url=https://www.skimag.com/athletes/profiles/first-olympic-ski-medalist-gretchen-fraser-profile/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=SKI |language=en-US}}</ref>
*She was inducted into the Olympic and Paralympic Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2022, in the "Legend" category.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Edie Thys |date=2022-06-23 |title=America's First Olympic Ski Medalist Gets Her Due, 74 Years Later |url=https://www.skimag.com/athletes/profiles/first-olympic-ski-medalist-gretchen-fraser-profile/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=SKI |language=en-US}}</ref>
*On December 12, 2023, she was inducted into [[Stadium High School]] Wall of Recognition in Tacoma, Washington.
*On December 12, 2023, she was inducted into [[Stadium High School]] Wall of Recognition in Tacoma, Washington.
*Gretchen's Gold, a ski run at [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley's]] Seattle Ridge is named for her, as well as Gretchen's Restaurant in the Sun Valley Lodge.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sunvalley.com/dining/gretchens|title= Gretchen's Restaurant |publisher= Sun Valley|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref>
*Gretchen's Gold, a ski run at [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley's]] Seattle Ridge is named for her, as well as Gretchen's Restaurant in the Sun Valley Lodge.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sunvalley.com/dining/gretchens|title= Gretchen's Restaurant |publisher= Sun Valley|access-date= April 20, 2016}}</ref>
*Gretchen Fraser Neighborhood park in Vancouver, Washington, is named for her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofvancouver.us/parksrec/page/gretchen-fraser-neighborhood-park|title=Gretchen Fraser Neighborhood Park|website=City of Vancouver, Parks and Recreation}}</ref>
*Gretchen Fraser Neighborhood park in Vancouver, Washington, is named for her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofvancouver.us/parksrec/page/gretchen-fraser-neighborhood-park|title=Gretchen Fraser Neighborhood Park|website=City of Vancouver, Parks and Recreation}}</ref>
Several Pacific Northwest museums honor Fraser’s importance in the skiing world, including the [[Alf Engen Ski Museum]] (Park City, Utah), Wood River Museum (Ketchum, Idaho), Tacoma History Museum (Tacoma, WA), Washington State Ski and Snowboard Museum ([[Snoqualmie Pass, Washington]]), the Νorthwest Room at the [[Tacoma Public Library]] (Tacoma, Washington), and the Tacoma-Pierce County Sports Museum (Tacoma, Washington).
Several Pacific Northwest museums honor Fraser's importance in the skiing world, including the [[Alf Engen Ski Museum]] (Park City, Utah), Wood River Museum (Ketchum, Idaho), Tacoma History Museum (Tacoma, WA), Washington State Ski and Snowboard Museum ([[Snoqualmie Pass, Washington]]), the Νorthwest Room at the [[Tacoma Public Library]] (Tacoma, Washington), and the Tacoma-Pierce County Sports Museum (Tacoma, Washington).


==References==
==References==
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* [http://www.visitsunvalley.com/about/sun-valley-fun-facts Visit Sun Valley.com] - Fun Facts, Gretchen Fraser
* [http://www.visitsunvalley.com/about/sun-valley-fun-facts Visit Sun Valley.com] - Fun Facts, Gretchen Fraser
* [http://www.alpenglow.org/ski-history/notes/book/pfeifer-1996.html Alpenglow.org] - Gretchen Fraser
* [http://www.alpenglow.org/ski-history/notes/book/pfeifer-1996.html Alpenglow.org] - Gretchen Fraser
* [http://www.loggerathletics.com/information/halloffame#k Univ. of Puget Sound Hall of Fame] - Gretchen Kunigk Fraser
* [http://www.loggerathletics.com/information/halloffame#k Univ. of Puget Sound Hall of Fame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414001237/http://www.loggerathletics.com/information/halloffame#k |date=2015-04-14 }} - Gretchen Kunigk Fraser
<!--* [http://search.tpl.lib.wa.us/southsound/southsound.asp?now=12-February-2005 Tacoma Public Library] - photo - Gretchen Fraser, age 19 - 13-Feb-1938 -->
<!--* [http://search.tpl.lib.wa.us/southsound/southsound.asp?now=12-February-2005 Tacoma Public Library] - photo - Gretchen Fraser, age 19 - 13-Feb-1938 -->
* [https://digital.lib.uidaho.edu/digital/collection/cities/id/969/rec/52 University of Idaho Library] - teenage Gretchen Fraser running gates at Sun Valley
* [https://digital.lib.uidaho.edu/digital/collection/cities/id/969/rec/52 University of Idaho Library] - teenage Gretchen Fraser running gates at Sun Valley
*{{Find a Grave|40125880}}
*The Nintety Nines, Inc.[https://www.ninety-nines.org/]


{{Footer Olympic Champions Slalom Women}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions Slalom Women}}
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[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:20th-century American women]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century American people]]

Latest revision as of 00:53, 21 October 2024

Not to be confused with Gretchen frisur.
Gretchen Fraser
Fraser, circa 1951
Personal information
Birth nameGretchen Kunigk
Born(1919-02-11)February 11, 1919
Tacoma, Washington, US
DiedFebruary 17, 1994(1994-02-17) (aged 75)
Sun Valley, Idaho, US[1]
Height5 ft 4 in (163 cm)
Weight117 lb (53 kg)
Sport
CountryUnited States
SportAlpine skiing
EventSlalom
College teamUniversity of Puget Sound
TeamSki Team
Retired1948 (age 29)[2]
Achievements and titles
World finalsOlympic gold medal, Olympic silver medal
Medal record
Women's alpine skiing
Representing the
 United States
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1948 St. Moritz Slalom
Silver medal – second place 1948 St. Moritz Combined
Gretchen Fraser skiing in a Special Slalom event on May 5, 1948, after winning an Olympic gold medal in February of the same year.

Gretchen Kunigk Fraser (February 11, 1919 – February 17, 1994) was an American alpine ski racer and nurse. She was the first American to win an Olympic gold medal in skiing, as well as the first American to win an Olympic silver medal in skiing.[3] She was also the first American to be awarded the Pery Medal by the ski club of Great Britain.[4] She was also the skiing stand-in for ice skater Sonja Henie in the movies Thin Ice (1937) and Sun Valley Serenade (1941).[5] Fraser was revered in her time for her contributions to American athletics, receiving ticker-tape parades and brand sponsorships upon her return to the United States following her Olympic win.

Background

[edit]

Born in Tacoma, Washington, Gretchen Kunigk was the daughter of German and Norwegian immigrants, Willibald and Clara Kunigk. Her Norwegian-born mother was a skier and Gretchen first skied at age 13, at Paradise Valley on the south slopes of Mount Rainier in December 1932. Under the tutelage of Otto Lang, she became a proficient ski racer. Gretchen served as president of the Ski Club at Stadium High School in Tacoma, Washington and later competed on the ski team at the University of Puget Sound.[6] As a member of the ski team, she won several competitions on Mount Rainier.

Athletic career

[edit]

In 1938, she traveled to Sun Valley, Idaho to compete in the second Harriman Cup, a new international event featuring the best racers in the world. Both Gretchen and her husband, Donald, were members of the 1940 Olympic team, games that were cancelled due to World War II. She spent the war years skiing in Otto Lang's military training films for the 10th Mountain Division and helping to rehabilitate wounded and disabled veterans through skiing, setting the stage for her lifelong commitment to working with disabled skiers (see Nursing Career section below).

Fraser competed in the Winter Olympics in 1948. A week before her 29th birthday, Fraser won the gold medal in the slalom and a silver medal in the combined event in St. Moritz, Switzerland.  She returned home to a ticker-tape parade in New York and grand receptions in Tacoma, Washington, Vancouver, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. Fraser was the guest of honor for the 1948 Daffodil Parade in Tacoma, Washington.

She retired from competition soon after the 1948 Olympics and became an ambassador for Sun Valley and skiing. However, she returned to the skiing world as the coach of the 1952 US Women's Olympic team. Later in life she was a mentor to aspiring female ski racers at Sun Valley, including Olympians Susie Corrock, Christin Cooper, Picabo Street, two-time gold medalist Andrea Mead Lawrence, and Paralympian Muffy Davis.

Fraser's husband, Don, was a pilot, which inspired her to begin flying. She began flying before the Olympics but officially became a private pilot in 1958. She later met pilot Chuck Yeager and co-piloted jets with him. She was inducted into the Boise, Idaho chapter of The Ninety-Nines, Inc., an association for women pilots.

Gretchen's First Place Wins

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1937

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  • Pacific Northwest Championships (PNW), Spokane, WA
  • PNW Downhill, Mt. Hood, OR
  • PW Combined, Mt. Hood, OR

1938

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  • Open Slalom, Mt. Rainier, WA
  • Silver Skies, Mt. Rainier, WA
  • Golden Rose Downhill, Mt Hood, OR

1939

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  • PNSA Championships, Yakima, WA
  • Jeffers Cup, Sun Valley, ID
  • Alta Snow Cup, Alta, UT

1940

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  • Silver Belt, Sugar Bowl, CA
  • Downhill, US Nationals, Aspen, CO
  • Combined, US Nationals, Aspen, CO

1941

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  • Downhill, Harriman Cup, Sun Valley, ID
  • Combined, Harriman Cup, Sun Valley, ID
  • Slalom, US Nationals, Yosemite, CA

1942

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  • Snow Cup, Alta, UT
  • Jeffers Cup, Sun Valley, ID

____________

World War II

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1946

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  • Downhill, Golden Rose, Mt. Hood, OR
  • PNSA Amateur Championships, Stevens Pass, WA
  • Downhill, Slalom, Combined Championships, Mt. Hood, OR

1947

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  • Downhill, Olympic Tryouts, Sun Valley, ID
  • Combined, Olympic Tryouts, Sun Valley, ID
  • Golden Rose, Mt. Hood, OR

Sources for the above wins from Gretchen's Gold, pages 171-172.

*At the time of these wins, Gretchen only competed in the United States. After Gretchen's two Olympic medal events, Europeans began inviting Americans to compete in European competitions. Gretchen was the inspiration for Europe to include American competitors in their events.

Nursing career

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After the Olympics, Fraser resumed her work with the disabled community that had begun during WWII. A lifelong equestrian, she taught horseback riding and swimming in a rehabilitation clinic at Madigan Army Medical Center (then Madigan Convalescent Hospital) in Fort Lewis, Washington. She was a founding member of the Oregon Institute for Rehabilitation in Portland, which started as a small clinic with volunteers from the Junior League. She served on the board for 27 years (Gretchen's Gold 113–14). In addition to working at Madigan, Fraser worked at the United States Naval Special Hospital in Sun Valley and Burrell Hospital in Brighten, Utah.

During WWII, Gretchen implemented the first application of the Outrigger Ski System so the amputee veterans at the Sun Valley hospital could learn to ski. About fifteen years later, she helped to organize the Flying Outriggers Ski Club at Mt. Hood, Oregon, which was the first adaptive ski club in America. The outrigger ski system has been adapted throughout the world.

Fraser's work with paralympians in Sun Valley led to her earning the National Paralympic Coach of the Year award in 1984.

Personal life

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She met 1936 Olympian and Northwest ski champion Donald Fraser (1913–1994) of the University of Washington on the train trip to central Idaho. They were married in November 1939 in Tacoma and Sun Valley became their home. After the war, the Frasers moved to Vancouver, Washington. They had one son, Donald Fraser Jr.

Fraser was involved in the formation of the American Athletic Academy, assisting athletes with education and career counseling.[7]

Appearance in comic books

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Gretchen Fraser was featured in two cartoons created by Wheaties cereal to promote their brand. These advertisements were showcased in various comic books.

Title Date
Action Comics April 1953
All American Western
Batman April/May 1952
Daffy Duck
A Date with Judy 1952
Donald Duck
Gene Autry Comics April 1953
The Lone Ranger April 1953
Mutt and Jeff
Marge's Little Lulu April 1953
Red Ryder Comics April 1953
Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan April 1953
Walt Disney's Comics and Stories April 1953
Walter Lantz New Funnies April 1953

Death

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Fraser died at age 75 in February 1994, during the Winter Olympics; her husband of 54 years, Don Fraser, had died a month earlier. They are buried at the city cemetery in Ketchum, Idaho.[1]

Legacy

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Several Pacific Northwest museums honor Fraser's importance in the skiing world, including the Alf Engen Ski Museum (Park City, Utah), Wood River Museum (Ketchum, Idaho), Tacoma History Museum (Tacoma, WA), Washington State Ski and Snowboard Museum (Snoqualmie Pass, Washington), the Νorthwest Room at the Tacoma Public Library (Tacoma, Washington), and the Tacoma-Pierce County Sports Museum (Tacoma, Washington).

References

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  1. ^ a b "Gretchen Fraser, 1948 Olympic Champ, dies". Seattle Times. Associated Press. February 17, 1994.
  2. ^ "Gretchen Fraser to quit contests". Ellensburg Daily Record. Associated Press. February 24, 1948. p. 2.
  3. ^ Pfeifer, Luanne (October 1996). Gretchen's Gold: The Story of Gretchen Fraser, America's First Gold Medalist in Olympic Skiing. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 9781575100197.
  4. ^ "The Pery Medal". Ski Club Of Great Britain. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  5. ^ "Gretchen Fraser Goes Gold". Legacy.com. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  6. ^ Greg Morrill (January 16, 2014). "Gretchen's Gold". RetroSki. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  7. ^ Pfeifer, Luanne. Gretchen's Gold. p. 111.
  8. ^ "Tacoma Sports Museum". www.tacomasportsmuseum.com. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  9. ^ "Gretchen Kunigk Fraser". Alf Engen Museum Foundation. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  10. ^ "Gretchen Kunigk Fraser". State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  11. ^ "Skiing | Oregon Sports Hall of Fame & Museum". Retrieved 2024-01-28.
  12. ^ "Sun Valley Winter Sports Hall of Fame". Community Library. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
  13. ^ Little, Brad. Letter to Secretary David Bernhardt. August 27, 2020. https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/idaho-governor-response.pdf
  14. ^ Morgan, Edie Thys (2022-06-23). "America's First Olympic Ski Medalist Gets Her Due, 74 Years Later". SKI. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
  15. ^ "Gretchen's Restaurant". Sun Valley. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  16. ^ "Gretchen Fraser Neighborhood Park". City of Vancouver, Parks and Recreation.

Other sources

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