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Coordinates: 50°48′23″N 2°50′04″W / 50.8065°N 2.8344°W / 50.8065; -2.8344
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{{Short description|Hill in Dorset, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox mountain
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Pilsdon Pen
| name = Pilsdon Pen
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| elevation_m = 277
| elevation_m = 277
| elevation_ref =
| elevation_ref =
| prominence =
| prominence = 83 m
| location = [[West Dorset]], [[England]]
| location = [[Dorset]], [[England]]
| range = [[Marshwood & Powerstock Vales]]
| range = [[Marshwood & Powerstock Vales]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|50.8065|N|2.8344|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline, title}}
| coordinates =
| grid_ref_UK = ST413011
| grid_ref_UK = ST413011
| topo = [[Ordnance Survey|OS]] ''Landranger'' 193
| topo = [[Ordnance Survey|OS]] ''Landranger'' 193
| type =
| type =
| age =
| age =
| easiest_route =
| easiest_route = From the car park at Lob Gate
|listing = [[Tump (hill)|Tump]]
|listing = [[Tump (hill)|Tump]]
}}
}}
[[File:Looking S towards the coast from Pilsdon Pen.jpg|thumb|Looking south towards the Dorset coast and English Channel from Pilsdon Pen]]

[[File:Pilsdon Pen from the info board to the S.jpg|thumb|Pilsdon Pen from the information board by the road to the south]]
'''Pilsdon Pen''' is a 277-metre (909 ft) hill in [[Dorset]] in [[South West England]], situated at the north end of the [[Marshwood Vale]] in the [[West Dorset]] administrative district, approximately {{convert|4.5|mi|km}} west of [[Beaminster]]. It is Dorset's second highest point and has panoramic views extending for many miles. It was bequeathed to the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] by the Pinney family in 1982.
'''Pilsdon Pen''' is a 277-metre (909&nbsp;ft) hill in [[Dorset]] in [[South West England]], situated at the north end of the [[Marshwood Vale]], approximately {{convert|4.5|mi|km}} west of [[Beaminster]]. It is Dorset's second highest point and has panoramic views extending for many miles. It was bequeathed to the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] by the Pinney family in 1982. For many years it was thought to be Dorset's highest hill, until modern survey revealed that nearby [[Lewesdon Hill]] was 2 metres higher.<ref>Muir, Johnny, ''The UK's County Tops'', Milnthorpe: Cicerone, 2011, p. 26. {{ISBN|978-1-85284-629-9}}</ref>


==Geology==
==Geology==
The hill is a [[Greensand#Lower Greensand|lower greensand]] [[Cretaceous]] outcrop situated amongst [[Jurassic]] [[Stratum|strata]] of [[marl]] and [[clay]], at the border between the [[chalk]] of South-East England and the [[granite]] of [[Devon]] and [[Cornwall]].
The hill is a [[Greensand#Lower Greensand|lower greensand]] [[Cretaceous]] outcrop situated amongst [[Jurassic]] [[Stratum|strata]] of [[marl]] and [[clay]], at the border between the [[chalk]] of South-East England and the [[granite]] of [[Devon]] and [[Cornwall]].{{Cn|date=July 2022}}


==Archaeology==
==Archaeology==
The hill is topped by an [[Iron Age]] [[Hill fort#Types of hill fort|multivallate]] [[Durotriges|Durotrigian]] [[hill fort]] which was excavated in the 1960s by Peter Gelling of the University of Birmingham with his wife [[Margaret Gelling]] at the request of Michael Pinney. The remains of 14 [[Roundhouse (dwelling)|roundhouses]] were uncovered near the centre of the hill fort. Surveys were also carried out by the National Trust in 1982 and by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1019394|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|date=|accessdate=4 March 2014|title=List entry, Pilsdon Pen hillfort and associated remains}}</ref>
The hill is topped by an [[Iron Age]] [[Hill fort#Types of hill fort|multivallate]] [[Durotriges|Durotrigian]] [[hillfort]] which was excavated in the 1960s by Peter Gelling of the [[University of Birmingham]] with his wife [[Margaret Gelling]] at the request of Michael Pinney. The remains of 14 [[Roundhouse (dwelling)|roundhouses]] were uncovered near the centre of the hill fort. Surveys were also carried out by the National Trust in 1982, the [[Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England]] in 1995,<ref name="NHLE">{{NHLE|num=1019394|access-date=4 March 2014|desc=Pilsdon Pen hillfort and associated remains}}</ref> and the [[Bournemouth University|University of Bournemouth]] in 2016.<ref>Hillforts and the Durotriges: A geophysical survey of Iron Age Dorset {{ISBN|9781784917159}}</ref>
[[File:Pilsdon Pen Digital Terrain Model.jpg|thumb|3D view of the digital terrain model]]
⚫
There are differing views as to the age of the rectilinear (square) structures in the centre of the fort: they may be [[Middle Ages|medieval]] "[[Warren (domestic)#Pillow mounds|pillow mounds]]" (man-made mounds for breeding rabbits), or could be earlier in origin. There is no clear evidence to distinguish the other mounds between pillow mounds and burial mounds, and the acid soil causes almost all bone and pottery to be in very poor condition. The National Trust in the 1982 excavations (which restored the mounds to their original profile prior to Gelling's excavation) viewed them as medieval; Gelling had initially thought there was a case they might be earlier, which was one of the reasons for the Pinney funded excavations. Additional rectilinear structures are noted in the 1999 National Trust [[Archaeological geophysics|Resistivity]] survey.{{Cn|date=July 2022}}. The 2016 survey shows over 60 roundhouses, some with overlapping locations, indicating a long period of occupation. It is probable the site was abandoned before the construction of nearby [[Waddon Hill]] Roman Fort in AD 50.


The hillfort and associated remains are a [[scheduled monument]]<ref name="NHLE"/> and it was on the [[Heritage at Risk Register]] but was removed in 2022 as a result of the Hillforts and Habitats Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Fine condition': Hillforts no longer 'at risk' after protection work |url=https://www.bridportnews.co.uk/news/20039393.at-risk-dorset-hillforts-now-in-fine-condition/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Bridport and Lyme Regis News |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
There are differing views as to the age of the rectilinear (square) structures in the centre of the fort (best seen in the National Trust [http://old.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/cymraeg/w-ar_s_wes.pdf report photo] ): they may be [[Middle Ages|medieval]] "[[Warren (domestic)#Pillow mounds|pillow mounds]]" (man-made mounds for breeding rabbits), or could be earlier in origin. There is no clear evidence to distinguish the other mounds between pillow mounds and burial mounds, and the acid soil causes almost all bone and pottery to be in very poor condition.The National Trust in the 1982 excavations (which restored the mounds to their original profile prior to Gelling's excavation) viewed them as medieval; Gelling thought there was a case they were earlier. Additional rectilinear structures are noted in the 1999 National Trust [[Archaeological geophysics|Resistivity]] survey.


==Landscape==
==Landscape==
Other notable high points in the vicinity are [[Lewesdon Hill]] (279 m), Dorset's highest point some 4 kilometres to the east, and [[Blackdown Hill, Dorset|Blackdown Hill]] (215 m), about 2 kilometres northwest.
Other notable high points in the vicinity are [[Lewesdon Hill]] (279 m), Dorset's highest point some 4 kilometres to the east, and [[Blackdown Hill, Dorset|Blackdown Hill]] (215 m), about 2 kilometres northwest. Though using the spelling Pillesdon, it was the central triangulation point for the area between 12 April and 1 June 1845 for the [[Principal Triangulation of Great Britain]].{{Cn|date=July 2022}}


==Dorothy and William Wordsworth==
==Dorothy and William Wordsworth==
In 1795–7 Dorothy and William Wordsworth lived at Racedown House—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen. They walked in the area for about two hours every day, and the nearby hills—including Pilsdon Pen—consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of her native Lakeland. She wrote,
In 1795–7 [[Dorothy Wordsworth|Dorothy]] and [[William Wordsworth]] lived at Racedown House—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen. They walked in the area for about two hours every day, and the nearby hills—including Pilsdon Pen—consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of her native Lakeland. She wrote,
<blockquote>"We have hills which, seen from a distance almost take the character of mountains, some cultivated nearly to their summits, others in their wild state covered with furze and broom. These delight me the most as they remind me of our native wilds."<ref>{{cite book|title=Dorset Villages|author=Roland Gant|publisher=Robert Hale Ltd|pages=111–112|year=1980|isbn=0 7091 8135 3}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"We have hills which, seen from a distance almost take the character of mountains, some cultivated nearly to their summits, others in their wild state covered with furze and broom. These delight me the most as they remind me of our native wilds."<ref>{{cite book|title=Dorset Villages|author=Roland Gant|publisher=Robert Hale Ltd|pages=111–112|year=1980|isbn=0 7091 8135 3}}</ref></blockquote>


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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.thedorsetpage.com/locations/Place/P070.htm The Dorset Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050505093727/http://www.thedorsetpage.com/locations/Place/P070.htm The Dorset Page]
* [http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/829/pilsdon_pen.html The modern antiquarian]
* [http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/829/pilsdon_pen.html The modern antiquarian]
* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/25715482/Annual-Archaeological-Review-1999-2000 National Trust Annual Archaeological Review 1999-2000]
* [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/25715482/Annual-Archaeological-Review-1999-2000 National Trust Annual Archaeological Review 1999-2000]
* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST4134901150 Photos from Geograph ]
* [https://www.geograph.org.uk/gridref/ST4134901150 Photos from Geograph ]
* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/709420 The NT sign at the start of the path (Feb 2008)]
* [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/709420 The NT sign at the start of the path (Feb 2008)]
* [http://www.axisweb.org/seWork.aspx?WORKID=55271 Stile inscribed with Wordsworth quote ]
* [https://www.axisweb.org/p/karenhansen/workset/55271-pilsdon-pen-gate-and-stile/ Stile inscribed with Wordsworth quote ]
* [https://archive.org/stream/proceedings31dorsuoft#page/176/mode/1up The history of the Screaming Skull and Pinney Family ]
* [https://archive.org/stream/proceedings31dorsuoft#page/176/mode/1up The history of the Screaming Skull and Pinney Family ]


⚫
{{coord|50.8065|N|2.8344|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
{{Iron Age hillforts in England}}
{{Iron Age hillforts in England}}

[[Category:Hill forts in Dorset]]
[[Category:Hill forts in Dorset]]
[[Category:Hills of Dorset]]
[[Category:Hills of Dorset]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Dorset]]

Latest revision as of 10:07, 21 October 2024

Pilsdon Pen
Pilsdon Pen from the southeast
Highest point
Elevation277 m (909 ft)
Prominence83 m
ListingTump
Coordinates50°48′23″N 2°50′04″W / 50.8065°N 2.8344°W / 50.8065; -2.8344
Geography
Map
LocationDorset, England
Parent rangeMarshwood & Powerstock Vales
OS gridST413011
Topo mapOS Landranger 193
Climbing
Easiest routeFrom the car park at Lob Gate
Looking south towards the Dorset coast and English Channel from Pilsdon Pen
Pilsdon Pen from the information board by the road to the south

Pilsdon Pen is a 277-metre (909 ft) hill in Dorset in South West England, situated at the north end of the Marshwood Vale, approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Beaminster. It is Dorset's second highest point and has panoramic views extending for many miles. It was bequeathed to the National Trust by the Pinney family in 1982. For many years it was thought to be Dorset's highest hill, until modern survey revealed that nearby Lewesdon Hill was 2 metres higher.[1]

Geology

[edit]

The hill is a lower greensand Cretaceous outcrop situated amongst Jurassic strata of marl and clay, at the border between the chalk of South-East England and the granite of Devon and Cornwall.[citation needed]

Archaeology

[edit]

The hill is topped by an Iron Age multivallate Durotrigian hillfort which was excavated in the 1960s by Peter Gelling of the University of Birmingham with his wife Margaret Gelling at the request of Michael Pinney. The remains of 14 roundhouses were uncovered near the centre of the hill fort. Surveys were also carried out by the National Trust in 1982, the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England in 1995,[2] and the University of Bournemouth in 2016.[3]

3D view of the digital terrain model

There are differing views as to the age of the rectilinear (square) structures in the centre of the fort: they may be medieval "pillow mounds" (man-made mounds for breeding rabbits), or could be earlier in origin. There is no clear evidence to distinguish the other mounds between pillow mounds and burial mounds, and the acid soil causes almost all bone and pottery to be in very poor condition. The National Trust in the 1982 excavations (which restored the mounds to their original profile prior to Gelling's excavation) viewed them as medieval; Gelling had initially thought there was a case they might be earlier, which was one of the reasons for the Pinney funded excavations. Additional rectilinear structures are noted in the 1999 National Trust Resistivity survey.[citation needed]. The 2016 survey shows over 60 roundhouses, some with overlapping locations, indicating a long period of occupation. It is probable the site was abandoned before the construction of nearby Waddon Hill Roman Fort in AD 50.

The hillfort and associated remains are a scheduled monument[2] and it was on the Heritage at Risk Register but was removed in 2022 as a result of the Hillforts and Habitats Project.[4]

Landscape

[edit]

Other notable high points in the vicinity are Lewesdon Hill (279 m), Dorset's highest point some 4 kilometres to the east, and Blackdown Hill (215 m), about 2 kilometres northwest. Though using the spelling Pillesdon, it was the central triangulation point for the area between 12 April and 1 June 1845 for the Principal Triangulation of Great Britain.[citation needed]

Dorothy and William Wordsworth

[edit]

In 1795–7 Dorothy and William Wordsworth lived at Racedown House—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Pen. They walked in the area for about two hours every day, and the nearby hills—including Pilsdon Pen—consoled Dorothy as she pined for the fells of her native Lakeland. She wrote,

"We have hills which, seen from a distance almost take the character of mountains, some cultivated nearly to their summits, others in their wild state covered with furze and broom. These delight me the most as they remind me of our native wilds."[5]

Panoramic view from Pilsdon Pen. Dorset

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Muir, Johnny, The UK's County Tops, Milnthorpe: Cicerone, 2011, p. 26. ISBN 978-1-85284-629-9
  2. ^ a b Historic England. "Pilsdon Pen hillfort and associated remains (1019394)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  3. ^ Hillforts and the Durotriges: A geophysical survey of Iron Age Dorset ISBN 9781784917159
  4. ^ "'Fine condition': Hillforts no longer 'at risk' after protection work". Bridport and Lyme Regis News. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  5. ^ Roland Gant (1980). Dorset Villages. Robert Hale Ltd. pp. 111–112. ISBN 0 7091 8135 3.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Gelling, P. S. 1977: Excavations on Pilsdon Pen, Dorset, 1964-71. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43, 263-286.
  • Publications of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society - Excavations at Pilsdon Pen, P.S.Gelling, 86 102; 87 90; 88 106-107; 89 123-125; 90 166-167; 91 177-178; 92 126-127; 93 133-134
  • Publications of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society - Excavations at Pilsdon Pen Hillfort, 1982, D.W.R.Thackray, 104 178-179
[edit]
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