Polikarpov ITP: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Soviet fighter prototype}} |
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The [[Polikarpov]] '''ITP''' (Istrebitel Tyazholiy Pushechniy; Russian: Истребитель Тяжелый Пушечный; Heavy Cannon Fighter) was a [[Soviet]] [[fighter aircraft]] prototype designed in [[1941 in aviation|1941]]. |
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|name =ITP |
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|image =PolikarpovITP.jpg |
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|caption =The M-2 prototype of the ITP |
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|type =Fighter |
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|national_origin=[[Soviet Union]] |
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|manufacturer =[[Polikarpov]] |
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|designer = |
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|first_flight =23 February 1942 |
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|introduction = |
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|retired = |
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|status =Cancelled |
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|primary_user = |
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|more_users = |
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|produced = |
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|number_built =2 |
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|unit cost = |
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|variants = |
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}} |
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The '''Polikarpov ITP''' (''Istrebitel Tyazholiy Pushechniy''; {{langx|ru|Истребитель Тяжелый Пушечный}}; Heavy Cannon Fighter) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] prototype designed during [[World War II]]. Development was prolonged by the evacuation of the design bureau forced by the [[Operation Typhoon|German advance on Moscow]] in the fall of 1941. By the time the second prototype was finished the Soviets had fighters with equivalent or better performance already in production and the program was cancelled. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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In November |
In November 1940, [[Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov|Nikolai Polikarpov]] proposed a heavy cannon-armed fighter for bomber escort duties and ground attack missions. The new '''ITP''' was designed around either the 1,230 kW (1,650 hp) [[Klimov VK-107|Klimov M-107]]P or the [[Mikulin AM-37]] [[Inline engine (aviation)|inline engine]]s. Two armament configurations were planned. The first consisted of a {{convert|37|mm|adj=on}} cannon firing through the propeller hub and two synchronized {{convert|20|mm|adj=on}} [[ShVAK cannon]] mounted on each side of the fuselage nose. The 37 mm cannon was provided with 50 rounds and the ShVAK had 200 rounds each. The second configuration substituted an additional ShVAK with 200 rounds for the 37 mm cannon.<ref name=g8>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|p=278}}</ref> It had racks for eight unguided [[RS-82 rocket]]s underneath the wings.<ref name=g0>{{Harvnb|Gunston|1995|p=310}}</ref> |
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The ITP was a low-wing, mixed construction monoplane with a wooden [[monocoque]] fuselage made from 'shpon', molded birch [[plywood]]. The two-[[spar (aviation)|spar]] metal wing was built in three sections with automatic [[leading edge slats]]. The engine radiators were built into the wing center section with intakes in the wing roots while the oil cooler was located under the engine. The curved, one-piece windshield lacked a flat front panel which gave the pilot a rather distorted view. The [[conventional undercarriage]], including the tailwheel, was fully retractable.<ref name=g8/> It carried {{convert|624|L}} of fuel in tanks between the spars of the wing center section. The rear fuselage, cockpit and tail resembled that of the [[Polikarpov I-185]].<ref name=g0/> |
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The first ITP prototype (M-1) was completed in October [[1941 in aviation|1941]]. Due to German attacks, the aircraft was evacuated that month along with the rest Polikarpov's No.51 factory to [[Novosibirsk]], where the factory was deployed in a circus building. ITP M-1 first flew on February 23, [[1942 in aviation|1942]]. The [[Klimov VK-107|Klimov M-107]]P engine proved unreliable and in late 1942 it was changed to a [[Klimov VK-107|Klimov M-107]]A, with the armament was reduced to three 20 mm cannons. Flight testing was not finished because the airframe was used for ground static testing. |
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The first ITP prototype (M-1) was completed in October 1941 with a {{convert|1300|hp|adj=on}} M-107P engine. Due to German attacks, the aircraft was evacuated to [[Novosibirsk]] and did not make its first flight until 23 February 1942. The M-107P engine proved unreliable and was changed to a M-107A in late 1942. The 37 mm gun was removed in exchange for another 20 mm gun mounted on the side of the fuselage. Flight testing was not completed because the airframe was used for ground static testing,<ref>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|pp=278–79}}</ref> but the estimated maximum speed at {{convert|6300|m|0}} was {{convert|655|km/h|abbr=on}} with a time to {{convert|5000|m|0}} of 5.9 minutes.<ref name=g0/> |
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The second ITP prototype (M-2) was built in 1942 and fitted with a [[Mikulin AM-37]] engine which proved unreliable and was replaced with 1,345 kW (1,800 hp) [[Mikulin AM-39]] in December<ref>Gordon and Khazanov 1998, p. 116.</ref>. It first flew on November 23, [[1943 in aviation|1943]], reaching a maximum speed of 600 km/h (373 mph) near the ground and 655 km/h (407 mph) at 2,500 m (8,200 ft). This was below the projected performance as the engine had not been fully perfected. |
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The second ITP prototype (M-2) was built in 1942 and fitted with a [[Mikulin AM-37]] engine which also proved unreliable and was replaced with a 1,345 kW (1,800 hp) [[Mikulin AM-39]] that December. It first flew on 23 November 1943 but the manufacturer's flight tests were not completed until June 1944. Since several other aircraft with about the same level of performance were already available, it was not placed into production.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|p=279}}</ref> |
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Early trials demonstrated that a skilled pilot in ITP M-1 had a better chance of destroying German light and medium armor than the legendary [[Ilyushin Il-2]]. Unfortunately, problems with the M-107 and AM-39 engines resulted in very protracted development and all work on ITP was stopped after Polikarpov's death in July [[1944 in aviation|1944]]. |
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==Specifications ( |
==Specifications (M-2)== |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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{{aircraft specifications| |
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|ref=Gordon, ''Soviet Airpower in World War 2'' |
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General characteristics |
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|crew= |
|crew=1 |
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|capacity= |
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|length main=9.20 m |
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|length |
|length m=9.2 |
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|length ft= |
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|span main=10.0 m |
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|length in= |
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|span alt=32 ft 10 in |
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|span m=10 |
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|height main=2.65 m |
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|span ft= |
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|height alt=8 ft 8 in |
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|span in= |
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|area main=16.50 m² |
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|height m= |
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|area alt=177.5 ft² |
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|height ft= |
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|empty weight main=2,910 kg |
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|height in= |
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|empty weight alt=6,400 lb |
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|wing area sqm=16.5 |
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|loaded weight main=3,570 kg |
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|wing area sqft= |
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|loaded weight alt=7,854 lb |
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|wing area note= |
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|engine (prop)=[[Mikulin AM-39]] |
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|airfoil= |
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|type of prop=liquid-cooled [[V engine|V-12]] |
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|empty weight kg=2910 |
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|number of props=1 |
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|empty weight lb= |
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|power main=1,345 kW |
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|empty weight note= |
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|power alt=1,800 hp |
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|gross weight kg=3570 |
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|max speed main=655 km/h |
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|gross weight lb= |
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|max speed alt=407 mph |
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|gross weight note= |
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|range main=980 km |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|range alt=610 mi |
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|more general= |
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|ceiling main=11,500 m |
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<!-- |
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|ceiling alt=37,720 ft |
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Powerplant |
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|climb rate main=13.9 m/s |
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--> |
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|climb rate alt=2,735 ft/min |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|loading main=216 kg/m² |
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|eng1 name=[[Mikulin AM-39]] |
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|eng1 type=liquid-cooled [[V engine|V-12]] |
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|loading alt=44 lb/ft² |
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|eng1 kw=1268 |
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|power/mass main=380 W/kg |
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|power/mass alt=0.23 hp/lb |
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|power original= |
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|thrust original= |
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|more power= |
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|prop blade number=3 |
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|prop name= |
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|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|prop note= |
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<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph= |
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|max speed kts= |
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|range km=980 |
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|range miles= |
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|range nmi= |
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|combat range km= |
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|combat range miles= |
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|combat range nmi= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m=11500 |
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|ceiling ft= |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
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|time to altitude=six minutes to {{convert|5000|m}} |
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|lift to drag= |
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|wing loading kg/m2=216 |
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|wing loading lb/sqft= |
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|wing loading note= |
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|more performance= |
|more performance= |
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<!-- |
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|armament= |
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Armament |
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*3x 20 mm [[ShVAK]] cannons, 200 rounds/gun |
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--> |
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*4x 100 kg (220 lb) bombs ''or'' 8x [[RS-82]] unguided rockets |
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|guns=3 × 20 mm [[ShVAK cannon]]s, 200 rpg |
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|rockets= 8 × unguided [[RS-82 rocket|RS-82]] |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{aircontent| |
{{aircontent| |
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|sequence= |
|sequence= |
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|related= |
|related= |
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* [[MiG-1]] |
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* [[MiG-3]] |
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* [[Polikarpov I-185]] |
* [[Polikarpov I-185]] |
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|similar aircraft= |
|similar aircraft= |
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* [[Yak-9 |
* [[Yakovlev Yak-9]]T |
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|lists= |
|lists= |
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|see also= |
|see also= |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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;Notes |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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;Bibliography |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet Airpower in World War 2|year=2008|publisher=Midland Publishing|location=Hinckley, England|isbn=978-1-85780-304-4 }} |
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* Abanshin, Michael E. and Gut, Nina. ''Fighting Polikarpov, Eagles of the East No. 2''. Lynnwood, WA: Aviation International, 1994. ISBN 1-884909-01-9. |
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* {{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|authorlink=Bill Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|year=1995|publisher=Osprey Aerospace|location=[[London]]|isbn=1-85532-405-9|edition=2Rev. }} |
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* Gordon, Yefim and Khazanov, Dmitri. ''Soviet Combat Aircraft of the Second World War, Volume One: Single-Engined Fighters''.Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 1998. ISBN 1-85780-083-4. |
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* Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. ''WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: Soviet Air Force Fighters, Part 2''. London, Macdonald and Jane's Publishres Ltd., 1978. ISBN 0-354-01088-3. |
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* Kopenhagen, W. (ed.). ''Das große Flugzeug-Typenbuch''. Transpress, 1987. ISBN 3-344-00162-0. |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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* [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww2/itp.html Information on Polikarpov ITP] |
* [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww2/itp.html Information on Polikarpov ITP] |
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{{Polikarpov aircraft}} |
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{{WWIIUSSRAF}} |
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{{good article}} |
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{{Template:Polikarpov aircraft}} |
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{{aviation lists}} |
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[[Category:Soviet fighter aircraft 1940-1949|ITP]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Polikarpov Itp}} |
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[[Category:1940s Soviet fighter aircraft]] |
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[[ja:ITP (航空機)]] |
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[[ |
[[Category:Polikarpov aircraft|ITP]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[ru:ИТП]] |
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[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1942]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:41, 26 October 2024
| ITP | |
|---|---|
 The M-2 prototype of the ITP | |
| General information | |
| Type | Fighter |
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Polikarpov |
| Status | Cancelled |
| Number built | 2 |
| History | |
| First flight | 23 February 1942 |
The Polikarpov ITP (Istrebitel Tyazholiy Pushechniy; Russian: Истребитель Тяжелый Пушечный; Heavy Cannon Fighter) was a Soviet fighter prototype designed during World War II. Development was prolonged by the evacuation of the design bureau forced by the German advance on Moscow in the fall of 1941. By the time the second prototype was finished the Soviets had fighters with equivalent or better performance already in production and the program was cancelled.
Development
[edit]In November 1940, Nikolai Polikarpov proposed a heavy cannon-armed fighter for bomber escort duties and ground attack missions. The new ITP was designed around either the 1,230 kW (1,650 hp) Klimov M-107P or the Mikulin AM-37 inline engines. Two armament configurations were planned. The first consisted of a 37-millimetre (1.5 in) cannon firing through the propeller hub and two synchronized 20-millimetre (0.79 in) ShVAK cannon mounted on each side of the fuselage nose. The 37 mm cannon was provided with 50 rounds and the ShVAK had 200 rounds each. The second configuration substituted an additional ShVAK with 200 rounds for the 37 mm cannon.[1] It had racks for eight unguided RS-82 rockets underneath the wings.[2]
The ITP was a low-wing, mixed construction monoplane with a wooden monocoque fuselage made from 'shpon', molded birch plywood. The two-spar metal wing was built in three sections with automatic leading edge slats. The engine radiators were built into the wing center section with intakes in the wing roots while the oil cooler was located under the engine. The curved, one-piece windshield lacked a flat front panel which gave the pilot a rather distorted view. The conventional undercarriage, including the tailwheel, was fully retractable.[1] It carried 624 litres (137 imp gal; 165 US gal) of fuel in tanks between the spars of the wing center section. The rear fuselage, cockpit and tail resembled that of the Polikarpov I-185.[2]
The first ITP prototype (M-1) was completed in October 1941 with a 1,300-horsepower (970 kW) M-107P engine. Due to German attacks, the aircraft was evacuated to Novosibirsk and did not make its first flight until 23 February 1942. The M-107P engine proved unreliable and was changed to a M-107A in late 1942. The 37 mm gun was removed in exchange for another 20 mm gun mounted on the side of the fuselage. Flight testing was not completed because the airframe was used for ground static testing,[3] but the estimated maximum speed at 6,300 metres (20,669 ft) was 655 km/h (407 mph) with a time to 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) of 5.9 minutes.[2]
The second ITP prototype (M-2) was built in 1942 and fitted with a Mikulin AM-37 engine which also proved unreliable and was replaced with a 1,345 kW (1,800 hp) Mikulin AM-39 that December. It first flew on 23 November 1943 but the manufacturer's flight tests were not completed until June 1944. Since several other aircraft with about the same level of performance were already available, it was not placed into production.[4]
Specifications (M-2)
[edit]Data from Gordon, Soviet Airpower in World War 2
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
- Wingspan: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
- Wing area: 16.5 m2 (178 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 2,910 kg (6,415 lb)
- Gross weight: 3,570 kg (7,871 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Mikulin AM-39 liquid-cooled V-12, 1,268 kW (1,700 hp)
- Propellers: 3-bladed
Performance
- Range: 980 km (610 mi, 530 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 11,500 m (37,700 ft)
- Time to altitude: six minutes to 5,000 metres (16,000 ft)
- Wing loading: 216 kg/m2 (44 lb/sq ft)
Armament
- Guns: 3 × 20 mm ShVAK cannons, 200 rpg
- Rockets: 8 × unguided RS-82
See also
[edit]Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
[edit]- Notes
- ^ a b Gordon 2008, p. 278
- ^ a b c Gunston 1995, p. 310
- ^ Gordon 2008, pp. 278–79
- ^ Gordon 2008, p. 279
- Bibliography
- Gordon, Yefim (2008). Soviet Airpower in World War 2. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-304-4.
- Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995 (2Rev. ed.). London: Osprey Aerospace. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
External links
[edit]
