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{{Short description|Soviet fighter prototype}}
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name =ITP
|name =ITP
|image =PolikarpovITP.jpg
|image =PolikarpovITP.jpg
|caption =The M-2 prototype of the ITP
|caption =The M-2 prototype of the ITP
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
|type =Fighter
|type =Fighter
|national origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|national_origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|manufacturer =[[Polikarpov]]
|manufacturer =[[Polikarpov]]
|designer =
|designer =
|first flight =23 February 1942
|first_flight =23 February 1942
|introduced =
|introduction =
|retired =
|retired =
|status =Cancelled
|status =Cancelled
|primary user =
|primary_user =
|more users =
|more_users =
|produced =
|produced =
|number built =2
|number_built =2
|unit cost =
|unit cost =
|variants with their own articles =
|variants =
}}
}}
⚫
The '''Polikarpov ITP''' (''Istrebitel Tyazholiy Pushechniy''; {{langx|ru|Истребитель Тяжелый Пушечный}}; Heavy Cannon Fighter) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] prototype designed during [[World War II]]. Development was prolonged by the evacuation of the design bureau forced by the [[Operation Typhoon|German advance on Moscow]] in the fall of 1941. By the time the second prototype was finished the Soviets had fighters with equivalent or better performance already in production and the program was cancelled.
|}
⚫
The '''Polikarpov ITP''' (''Istrebitel Tyazholiy Pushechniy''; {{lang-ru|Истребитель Тяжелый Пушечный}}; Heavy Cannon Fighter) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] prototype designed during [[World War II]]. Development was prolonged by the evacuation of the design bureau forced by the [[Operation Typhoon|German advance on Moscow]] in the fall of 1941. By the time the second prototype was finished the Soviets had fighters with equivalent or better performance already in production and the program was cancelled.


==Development==
==Development==
In November 1940, [[Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov|Nikolai Polikarpov]] proposed a heavy cannon-armed fighter for bomber escort duties and ground attack missions. The new '''ITP''' was designed around either the 1,230&nbsp;kW (1,650&nbsp;hp) [[Klimov VK-107|Klimov M-107]]P or the [[Mikulin AM-37]] [[Inline engine (aviation)|inline engine]]s. Two armament configurations were planned. The first consisted of a {{convert|37|mm|adj=on}} cannon firing through the propeller hub and two synchronized {{convert|20|mm|adj=on}} [[ShVAK cannon]] mounted on each side of the fuselage nose. The 37&nbsp;mm cannon was provided with 50 rounds and the ShVAK had 200 rounds each. The second configuration substituted an additional ShVAK with 200 rounds for the 37&nbsp;mm cannon.<ref name=g8>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|p=278}}</ref> It had racks for eight unguided [[RS-82 rocket]]s underneath the wings.<ref name=g0>{{Harvnb|Gunston|1995|p=310}}</ref>
In November 1940, [[Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov|Nikolai Polikarpov]] proposed a heavy cannon-armed fighter for bomber escort duties and ground attack missions. The new '''ITP''' was designed around either the 1,230&nbsp;kW (1,650&nbsp;hp) [[Klimov VK-107|Klimov M-107]]P or the [[Mikulin AM-37]] [[Inline engine (aviation)|inline engine]]s. Two armament configurations were planned. The first consisted of a {{convert|37|mm|adj=on}} cannon firing through the propeller hub and two synchronized {{convert|20|mm|adj=on}} [[ShVAK cannon]] mounted on each side of the fuselage nose. The 37&nbsp;mm cannon was provided with 50 rounds and the ShVAK had 200 rounds each. The second configuration substituted an additional ShVAK with 200 rounds for the 37&nbsp;mm cannon.<ref name=g8>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|p=278}}</ref> It had racks for eight unguided [[RS-82 rocket]]s underneath the wings.<ref name=g0>{{Harvnb|Gunston|1995|p=310}}</ref>


The ITP was a low-wing, mixed construction monoplane with a wooden [[monocoque]] fuselage made from 'shpon', molded birch [[plywood]]. The two-[[spar (aviation)|spar]] metal wing was built in three sections with automatic [[leading edge slats]]. The engine radiators were built into the wing center section with intakes in the wing roots while the oil cooler was located under the engine. The curved, one-piece windshield lacked a flat front panel which gave the pilot a rather distorted view. The [[conventional undercarriage]], including the tailwheel, was fully retractable.<ref name=g8/> It carried {{convert|624|l}} of fuel in tanks between the spars of the wing center section. The rear fuselage, cockpit and tail resembled that of the [[Polikarpov I-185]].<ref name=g0/>
The ITP was a low-wing, mixed construction monoplane with a wooden [[monocoque]] fuselage made from 'shpon', molded birch [[plywood]]. The two-[[spar (aviation)|spar]] metal wing was built in three sections with automatic [[leading edge slats]]. The engine radiators were built into the wing center section with intakes in the wing roots while the oil cooler was located under the engine. The curved, one-piece windshield lacked a flat front panel which gave the pilot a rather distorted view. The [[conventional undercarriage]], including the tailwheel, was fully retractable.<ref name=g8/> It carried {{convert|624|L}} of fuel in tanks between the spars of the wing center section. The rear fuselage, cockpit and tail resembled that of the [[Polikarpov I-185]].<ref name=g0/>


The first ITP prototype (M-1) was completed in October 1941 with a {{convert|1300|hp|adj=on}} M-107P engine. Due to German attacks, the aircraft was evacuated to [[Novosibirsk]] and did not make its first flight until 23 February 1942. The M-107P engine proved unreliable and was changed to a M-107A in late 1942. The 37&nbsp;mm gun was deleted in exchange for another 20&nbsp;mm gun mounted on the side of the fuselage. Flight testing was not completed because the airframe was used for ground static testing,<ref>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|pp=278–79}}</ref> but the estimated maximum speed at {{convert|6300|m|0}} was {{convert|655|km/h|abbr=on}} with a time to {{convert|5000|m|0}} of 5.9 minutes.<ref name=g0/>
The first ITP prototype (M-1) was completed in October 1941 with a {{convert|1300|hp|adj=on}} M-107P engine. Due to German attacks, the aircraft was evacuated to [[Novosibirsk]] and did not make its first flight until 23 February 1942. The M-107P engine proved unreliable and was changed to a M-107A in late 1942. The 37&nbsp;mm gun was removed in exchange for another 20&nbsp;mm gun mounted on the side of the fuselage. Flight testing was not completed because the airframe was used for ground static testing,<ref>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|pp=278–79}}</ref> but the estimated maximum speed at {{convert|6300|m|0}} was {{convert|655|km/h|abbr=on}} with a time to {{convert|5000|m|0}} of 5.9 minutes.<ref name=g0/>


The second ITP prototype (M-2) was built in 1942 and fitted with a [[Mikulin AM-37]] engine which also proved unreliable and was replaced with a 1,345&nbsp;kW (1,800&nbsp;hp) [[Mikulin AM-39]] that December. It first flew on 23 November 1943 but the manufacturer's flight tests were not completed until June 1944. Since several other aircraft with about the same level of performance were already available, it was not placed into production.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|p=279}}</ref>
The second ITP prototype (M-2) was built in 1942 and fitted with a [[Mikulin AM-37]] engine which also proved unreliable and was replaced with a 1,345&nbsp;kW (1,800&nbsp;hp) [[Mikulin AM-39]] that December. It first flew on 23 November 1943 but the manufacturer's flight tests were not completed until June 1944. Since several other aircraft with about the same level of performance were already available, it was not placed into production.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gordon|2008|p=279}}</ref>
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;Bibliography
;Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet Airpower in World War 2|year=2008|publisher=Midland Publishing|location=Hinckley, England|isbn=978-1-85780-304-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|title=Soviet Airpower in World War 2|year=2008|publisher=Midland Publishing|location=Hinckley, England|isbn=978-1-85780-304-4 }}
* {{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|authorlink=Bill Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|year=1995|publisher=Osprey Aerospace|location=[[London]]|isbn=1-85532-405-9|edition=2Rev. |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|authorlink=Bill Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|year=1995|publisher=Osprey Aerospace|location=[[London]]|isbn=1-85532-405-9|edition=2Rev. }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Polikarpov}}
* [http://www.airwar.ru/other/draw/itp.html Line drawings]
* [http://www.airwar.ru/other/draw/itp.html Line drawings]
* [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww2/itp.html Information on Polikarpov ITP]
* [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww2/itp.html Information on Polikarpov ITP]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Polikarpov Itp}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Polikarpov Itp}}
[[Category:Soviet fighter aircraft 1940–1949]]
[[Category:1940s Soviet fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Polikarpov aircraft|ITP]]
[[Category:Polikarpov aircraft|ITP]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1942]]

Latest revision as of 03:41, 26 October 2024

ITP
The M-2 prototype of the ITP
General information
TypeFighter
National originSoviet Union
ManufacturerPolikarpov
StatusCancelled
Number built2
History
First flight23 February 1942

The Polikarpov ITP (Istrebitel Tyazholiy Pushechniy; Russian: Истребитель Тяжелый Пушечный; Heavy Cannon Fighter) was a Soviet fighter prototype designed during World War II. Development was prolonged by the evacuation of the design bureau forced by the German advance on Moscow in the fall of 1941. By the time the second prototype was finished the Soviets had fighters with equivalent or better performance already in production and the program was cancelled.

Development

[edit]

In November 1940, Nikolai Polikarpov proposed a heavy cannon-armed fighter for bomber escort duties and ground attack missions. The new ITP was designed around either the 1,230 kW (1,650 hp) Klimov M-107P or the Mikulin AM-37 inline engines. Two armament configurations were planned. The first consisted of a 37-millimetre (1.5 in) cannon firing through the propeller hub and two synchronized 20-millimetre (0.79 in) ShVAK cannon mounted on each side of the fuselage nose. The 37 mm cannon was provided with 50 rounds and the ShVAK had 200 rounds each. The second configuration substituted an additional ShVAK with 200 rounds for the 37 mm cannon.[1] It had racks for eight unguided RS-82 rockets underneath the wings.[2]

The ITP was a low-wing, mixed construction monoplane with a wooden monocoque fuselage made from 'shpon', molded birch plywood. The two-spar metal wing was built in three sections with automatic leading edge slats. The engine radiators were built into the wing center section with intakes in the wing roots while the oil cooler was located under the engine. The curved, one-piece windshield lacked a flat front panel which gave the pilot a rather distorted view. The conventional undercarriage, including the tailwheel, was fully retractable.[1] It carried 624 litres (137 imp gal; 165 US gal) of fuel in tanks between the spars of the wing center section. The rear fuselage, cockpit and tail resembled that of the Polikarpov I-185.[2]

The first ITP prototype (M-1) was completed in October 1941 with a 1,300-horsepower (970 kW) M-107P engine. Due to German attacks, the aircraft was evacuated to Novosibirsk and did not make its first flight until 23 February 1942. The M-107P engine proved unreliable and was changed to a M-107A in late 1942. The 37 mm gun was removed in exchange for another 20 mm gun mounted on the side of the fuselage. Flight testing was not completed because the airframe was used for ground static testing,[3] but the estimated maximum speed at 6,300 metres (20,669 ft) was 655 km/h (407 mph) with a time to 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) of 5.9 minutes.[2]

The second ITP prototype (M-2) was built in 1942 and fitted with a Mikulin AM-37 engine which also proved unreliable and was replaced with a 1,345 kW (1,800 hp) Mikulin AM-39 that December. It first flew on 23 November 1943 but the manufacturer's flight tests were not completed until June 1944. Since several other aircraft with about the same level of performance were already available, it was not placed into production.[4]

Specifications (M-2)

[edit]

Data from Gordon, Soviet Airpower in World War 2

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
  • Wingspan: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 16.5 m2 (178 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 2,910 kg (6,415 lb)
  • Gross weight: 3,570 kg (7,871 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Mikulin AM-39 liquid-cooled V-12, 1,268 kW (1,700 hp)
  • Propellers: 3-bladed

Performance

  • Range: 980 km (610 mi, 530 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 11,500 m (37,700 ft)
  • Time to altitude: six minutes to 5,000 metres (16,000 ft)
  • Wing loading: 216 kg/m2 (44 lb/sq ft)

Armament

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]
Notes
  1. ^ a b Gordon 2008, p. 278
  2. ^ a b c Gunston 1995, p. 310
  3. ^ Gordon 2008, pp. 278–79
  4. ^ Gordon 2008, p. 279
Bibliography
  • Gordon, Yefim (2008). Soviet Airpower in World War 2. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-304-4.
  • Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995 (2Rev. ed.). London: Osprey Aerospace. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
[edit]

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