Footprints (composition): Difference between revisions
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"'''Footprints'''" is a [[jazz standard]] composed by saxophonist [[Wayne Shorter]] and first recorded for his album ''[[Adam's Apple (album)|Adam's Apple]]'' in 1966.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Waters |first1=Keith |title=The Studio Recordings of the Miles Davis Quintet, 1965-68 |date=11 March 2011 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-983016-9 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMlQ6jIhuwMC&q=Footprints+Wayne+shorter+composition |access-date=17 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The first commercial release of the song was a different recording on the [[Miles Davis]] album ''[[Miles Smiles]]'' recorded later in 1966, but released earlier.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stories of Standards: "Footprints" by Wayne Shorter |url=https://www.kuvo.org/stories-of-standards-footprints-by-wayne-shorter/ |publisher=[[KUVO]] |access-date=17 September 2024 |date=13 February 2019}}</ref> It has become a [[Jazz standard|jazz standard]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gioia |first1=Ted |title=The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire |date=2021 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-008717-3 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TX0_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Footprints+Wayne+shorter+composition&pg=PA135 |access-date=17 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cheyne |first1=Peter |last2=Hamilton |first2=Andy |last3=Paddison |first3=Max |title=The Philosophy of Rhythm: Aesthetics, Music, Poetics |date=2019 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-934777-3 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EK1DwAAQBAJ&dq=Footprints+Wayne+shorter+composition&pg=PA107 |access-date=17 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |
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{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} |
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"'''Footprints'''" is a [[jazz standard]] composed by saxophonist [[Wayne Shorter]] and first recorded for his album ''[[Adam's Apple (album)|Adam's Apple]]'' in 1966. The first commercial release of the song was a different recording on the [[Miles Davis]] album ''[[Miles Smiles]]'' recorded later in 1966, but released earlier. It has become a jazz standard. |
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==Rhythm== |
==Rhythm== |
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==Harmony== |
==Harmony== |
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Harmonically, "Footprints" takes the form of a 12-bar [[C minor]] [[twelve-bar blues|blues]], but this is masked not only by its triple time signature but by its [[avant garde]] [[turnaround (music)|turnaround]]. In the key of C minor, a normal turnaround would be Dm<sup>7({{music|flat}}5)</sup>, G<sup>7</sup>, Cm<sup>7</sup>. But Shorter doubles the [[harmonic rhythm]] of the turnaround, and the [[chord progression|progression]] reads: F{{music|#}}m<sup> |
Harmonically, "Footprints" takes the form of a 12-bar [[C minor]] [[twelve-bar blues|blues]], but this is masked not only by its triple time signature but by its [[avant garde]] [[turnaround (music)|turnaround]]. In the key of C minor, a normal turnaround would be Dm<sup>7({{music|flat}}5)</sup>, G<sup>7</sup>, Cm<sup>7</sup>. But Shorter doubles the [[harmonic rhythm]] of the turnaround, and the [[chord progression|progression]] reads: F{{music|#}}m<sup>9({{music|flat}}5)</sup>, F<sup>7({{music|sharp}}11)</sup>, E<sup>9({{music|flat}}5)</sup>, A<sup>7({{music|sharp}}9)</sup>, Cm<sup>7</sup>. In jazz jam sessions and for educational purposes, players often choose D<sup>7({{music|sharp}}11)</sup> D{{music|flat}}<sup>7({{music|sharp}}11)</sup> Cm<sup>7</sup> as turnaround, which also fits with the original melody.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boras |first1=Tom |title=Jazz Composition and Arranging |date=2005 |publisher=Thomson/Schirmer |isbn=978-0-534-25261-8 |page=280 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIEYAQAAIAAJ&q=Footprints+Wayne+shorter+composition |access-date=17 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Notable covers== |
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*[[Kenny Barron]] included the composition in his 2004 studio album ''[[Images (Kenny Barron album)|Images]]''.<ref name="Allmusic">{{allMusic|class=album|id=mw0000464086|first=Thom|last=Jurek|label=Kenny Barron – ''Images'': Review|access-date=January 24, 2017}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 01:16, 7 November 2024
"Footprints" is a jazz standard composed by saxophonist Wayne Shorter and first recorded for his album Adam's Apple in 1966.[1] The first commercial release of the song was a different recording on the Miles Davis album Miles Smiles recorded later in 1966, but released earlier.[2] It has become a jazz standard.[3][4]
Rhythm
[edit]
Although often written in 3
4 or 6
8, it is not a jazz waltz because the feel alternates between simple meter and compound meter. On Miles Smiles, the band playfully explores the correlation between African-based 12
8 (or 6
8) and 4
4. Drummer Tony Williams freely moves from swing, to the three-over-two cross rhythm—and to its 4
4 correlative.[5]
The ground of four main beats is maintained throughout the piece. The bass switches to 4
4 at 2:20. Ron Carter’s 4
4 figure is known as tresillo in Afro-Cuban music and is the duple-pulse correlative of the 12
8 figure.[6] This may have been the first overt expression of systemic, African-based cross-rhythm used by a straight ahead jazz group. During Davis’s first trumpet solo, Williams shifts to a 4
4 jazz ride pattern while Carter continues the 12
8 bass line.
The following example shows the 12
8 and 4
4 forms of the bass line. The slashed noteheads indicate the main beats (not bass notes), where one ordinarily taps their foot to "keep time."
Harmony
[edit]Harmonically, "Footprints" takes the form of a 12-bar C minor blues, but this is masked not only by its triple time signature but by its avant garde turnaround. In the key of C minor, a normal turnaround would be Dm7(♭5), G7, Cm7. But Shorter doubles the harmonic rhythm of the turnaround, and the progression reads: F♯m9(♭5), F7(♯11), E9(♭5), A7(♯9), Cm7. In jazz jam sessions and for educational purposes, players often choose D7(♯11) D♭7(♯11) Cm7 as turnaround, which also fits with the original melody.[7]
Notable covers
[edit]- Kenny Barron included the composition in his 2004 studio album Images.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Waters, Keith (11 March 2011). The Studio Recordings of the Miles Davis Quintet, 1965-68. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-19-983016-9. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ "Stories of Standards: "Footprints" by Wayne Shorter". KUVO. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Gioia, Ted (2021). The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-008717-3. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Cheyne, Peter; Hamilton, Andy; Paddison, Max (2019). The Philosophy of Rhythm: Aesthetics, Music, Poetics. Oxford University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-19-934777-3. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ "Footprints" Miles Smiles (Miles Davis). Columbia CD (1967).
- ^ Peñalosa, David (2010: 43). The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. ISBN 1-886502-80-3.
- ^ Boras, Tom (2005). Jazz Composition and Arranging. Thomson/Schirmer. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-534-25261-8. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Jurek, Thom. Kenny Barron – Images: Review at AllMusic. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
