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[[File:Indonesia provinces 1945-2012.gif|thumb|250px|upright|The provinces' development in Indonesia over the years]]
[[File:Indonesia provinces 1945-2012.gif|thumb|250px|upright|The provinces' development in Indonesia over the years]]
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|image1=Old map of Maluku (before 1999).svg|width1=150|footer=Pre-1999 Maluku (L) and Irian Jaya (now Papua, R) with present-day municipality borders|image2=Old map of Papua (before 2001).svg|width2=185}}
{{multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|image1=Old map of Maluku (before 1999).svg|width1=150|footer=Pre-1999 Maluku (L) and Irian Jaya (now Papua, R) with present-day municipality borders|image2=Old map of Papua (before 2001).svg|width2=185}}
[[File:Indonesian administrative divisions in western New Guinea (as at July 2022).svg|thumb|250px|Provinces in western New Guinea, after the split of Papua province in July 2022]]
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
! New province<br>(current name)
! New province<br>(current name)

Revision as of 03:48, 2 July 2022

Provinces of Indonesia
CategoryProvince
LocationIndonesia
Created
  • 19 August 1945
Number37
PopulationsSmallest: 622,350 (North Kalimantan)
Largest: 43,053,732 (West Java)
AreasSmallest: 664 km2 (256 sq mi) (Jakarta)
Largest: 319,036 km2 (123,180 sq mi) (Papua)
Government
Subdivisions
This article is part of a series on
Subdivisions of Indonesia
Level 1
(GDP; GDP per capita; HDI; poverty rate); Island population)
Level 2
(full list; cities by GDP; regencies by GDP; cities by population; regencies by population)
Level 3
(kecamatan, distrik, kapanewon, or kemantren)
Level 4
(desa or kelurahan)
Others

Provinces of Indonesia are the 37 administrative division of Indonesia and the highest tier of the local government (formerly called first-level region provinces or provinsi daerah tingkat I). Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies and cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II), which are in turn subdivided into districts (kecamatan).

Background

Article 18 paragraph 1 of The 1945 Constitution states that "The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws."

According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:

  1. Development planning and control;
  2. Planning, utilization, and community peace;
  3. Implementation of public order and public peace;
  4. Provision of public facilities and infrastructure;
  5. Handling the health sector;
  6. Education and allocation of potential human resources;
  7. Handling social problems across districts/cities;
  8. Services in the field of manpower across districts/cities;
  9. Facilitating the development of cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, including across districts/cities;
  10. Environmental control;
  11. Defense services, including across districts/cities;
  12. Population and civil registration services;
  13. Government general administration services;
  14. Investment administration services, including across districts/cities;
  15. The implementation of other basic services that cannot be carried out by districts/cities; and
  16. Other mandatory affairs mandated by laws and regulations.

The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.

Each province has a local government, headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under the plan, simultaneous partial local elections will be held in February 2017, June 2018, December 2020, culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts on November 2024 and then every five years.

Current provinces

Indonesia has 34 provinces. Five provinces have special status:

The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units.[1]

Click on a province name to go to its main article.

Table of provinces

Provinces of Indonesia[2][3]
Arms Province Indonesian name Indonesian acronym ISO[4] Capital Population
(2020 Census)[5] 		Area (km2) Population
density
per km2
(2010) 		Geographical unit Number
of cities and
regencies 		Number
of cities 		Number of
regencies
Aceh Aceh Aceh ID-AC
Banda Aceh
 5,274,871 57,956 77 Sumatra 23 5 18
Bali Bali Bali ID-BA
Denpasar
 4,317,404 5,780 621 Lesser Sunda Islands 9 1 8
Bangka Belitung Islands Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Babel ID-BB
Pangkal Pinang
 1,455,678 16,424 64 Sumatra 7 1 6
Banten Banten Banten ID-BT
Serang
 11,904,562 9,662 909 Java 8 4 4
Bengkulu Bengkulu Bengkulu ID-BE
Bengkulu
 2,010,670 19,919 84 Sumatra 10 1 9
Central Java Jawa Tengah Jateng ID-JT
Semarang
 36,516,035 40,800 894 Java 35 6 29
Central Kalimantan Kalimantan Tengah Kalteng ID-KT
Palangka Raya
 2,669,969 153,564 14 Kalimantan 14 1 13
Central Sulawesi Sulawesi Tengah Sulteng ID-ST
Palu
 2,985,734 61,841 41 Sulawesi 13 1 12
East Java Jawa Timur Jatim ID-JI
Surabaya
 40,665,696 47,799 828 Java 38 9 29
East Kalimantan[6] Kalimantan Timur Kaltim ID-KI
Samarinda
 3,766,039 127,267 22 Kalimantan 10 3 7
East Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Timur NTT ID-NT
Kupang
 5,325,566 48,718 92 Lesser Sunda Islands 22 1 21
Gorontalo Gorontalo Gorontalo ID-GO
Gorontalo
 1,171,681 11,257 94 Sulawesi 6 1 5
Capital Special Region of Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta DKI Jakarta ID-JK
Jakarta[a]
 10,562,088 664 12,786 Java 6 5 1
Jambi Jambi Jambi ID-JA
Jambi
 3,548,228 50,058 57 Sumatra 11 2 9
Lampung Lampung Lampung ID-LA
Bandar Lampung
 9,007,848 34,623 226 Sumatra 15 2 13
Maluku Maluku Maluku ID-MA
Ambon
 1,848,923 46,914 32 Maluku Islands 11 2 9
North Kalimantan Kalimantan Utara Kaltara ID-KU
Tanjung Selor
 701,814 72,275 10 Kalimantan 5 1 4
North Maluku Maluku Utara Malut ID-MU
Sofifi
 1,282,937 31,982 31 Maluku Islands 10 2 8
North Sulawesi Sulawesi Utara Sulut ID-SA
Manado
 2,621,923 13,851 162 Sulawesi 15 4 11
North Sumatra Sumatra Utara Sumut ID-SU
Medan
 14,799,361 72,981 188 Sumatra 33 8 25
Papua Papua Papua ID-PA
Jayapura
 4,303,707 319,036 8 Western New Guinea 29 1 28
Riau Riau Riau ID-RI
Pekanbaru
 6,394,087 87,023 52 Sumatra 12 2 10
Riau Islands Kepulauan Riau Kepri ID-KR
Tanjung Pinang
 2,064,564 8,201 208 Sumatra 7 2 5
Southeast Sulawesi Sulawesi Tenggara Sultra ID-SG
Kendari
 2,624,875 38,067 51 Sulawesi 17 2 15
South Kalimantan Kalimantan Selatan Kalsel ID-KS
Banjarbaru
 4,073,584 38,744 96 Kalimantan 13 2 11
South Sulawesi Sulawesi Selatan Sulsel ID-SN
Makassar
 9,073,509 46,717 151 Sulawesi 24 3 21
South Sumatra Sumatra Selatan Sumsel ID-SS
Palembang
 8,467,432 91,592 86 Sumatra 17 4 13
West Java Jawa Barat Jabar ID-JB
Bandung
 48,274,162 35,377 1,176 Java 27 9 18
West Kalimantan Kalimantan Barat Kalbar ID-KB
Pontianak
 5,414,390 147,307 30 Kalimantan 14 2 12
West Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Barat NTB ID-NB
Mataram
 5,320,092 18,572 234 Lesser Sunda Islands 10 2 8
West Papua Papua Barat Pabar ID-PB[7]
Manokwari
 1,134,068 97,024 8 Western New Guinea 13 1 12
West Sulawesi Sulawesi Barat Sulbar ID-SR
Mamuju
 1,419,229 16,787 73 Sulawesi 6 0 6
West Sumatra Sumatra Barat Sumbar ID-SB
Padang
 5,534,472 42,012 110 Sumatra 19 7 12
Special Region of Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta DIY ID-YO
Yogyakarta
 3,668,719 3,133 1,138 Java 5 1 4

Former provinces

Three-province Sumatra (1948–56) (L) and two-province Sulawesi (1960–64) with present-day municipality borders
Coat of arms of East Timor province

Upon the independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara, formerly Lesser Sunda (Sunda Kecil) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor was annexed as a province from 1976 until its power transfer to UNTAET in 1999 prior to its independence as a country in 2002.

There was a plan to form the province of Central Papua (Papua Tengah) from Papua's territories intended to be centered in Timika which was canceled in 2001.[8]

Province Capital Period Successor(s)
Sumatra[9] Bukittinggi / Medan 1945–1948 Central Sumatra
North Sumatra
South Sumatra
Kalimantan[10] Banjarmasin 1945–1956 East Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
West Kalimantan
Southeastern Islands
(Nusa Tenggara)[11] 		Singaraja 1945–1958 Bali
East Nusa Tenggara
West Nusa Tenggara
Sulawesi[12] Makassar / Manado 1945–1960 North-Central Sulawesi
South-Southeast Sulawesi
Central Sumatra
(Sumatra Tengah)[9][13] 		Bukittinggi 1948–1957 Jambi
Riau
West Sumatra
North-Central Sulawesi
(Sulawesi Utara-Tengah)[14] 		Manado 1960–1964 North Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi
South-Southeast Sulawesi
(Sulawesi Selatan-Tenggara)[14] 		Makassar 1960–1964 South Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi
East Timor
(Timor Timur)[15] 		Dili 1976–1999 Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

New provinces made from currently-existing provinces

The provinces' development in Indonesia over the years
Pre-1999 Maluku (L) and Irian Jaya (now Papua, R) with present-day municipality borders
Provinces in western New Guinea, after the split of Papua province in July 2022
New province
(current name) 		Year New province
(then name) 		Province of origin
Aceh 1956 Aceh North Sumatra
Central Kalimantan 1958 Central Kalimantan South Kalimantan
Jakarta Capital Special Region 1959 Greater Jakarta West Java
Lampung 1964 Lampung South Sumatra
Bengkulu 1967 Bengkulu South Sumatra
West Papua 1999 West Irian Jaya Irian Jaya
North Maluku 1999 North Maluku Maluku
Banten 2000 Banten West Java
Bangka Belitung Islands 2000 Bangka Belitung Islands South Sumatra
Gorontalo 2000 Gorontalo North Sulawesi
Riau Islands 2002 Riau Islands Riau
West Sulawesi 2004 West Sulawesi South Sulawesi
North Kalimantan 2012 North Kalimantan East Kalimantan
Central Papua 2022 Central Papua Papua
Highlands Papua 2022 Highlands Papua Papua
South Papua 2022 South Papua Papua

Renamed provinces

Year Old name
(Indonesian) 		Old name
(English) 		New name
(Indonesian) 		New name
(English) 		Current name
1954 Sunda Kecil Lesser Sunda Nusa Tenggara Southeastern Islands non-existent
1959 Aceh Aceh Daerah Istimewa Aceh Aceh Special Region Aceh
1961 Jakarta Raya Greater Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya Greater Jakarta Capital Special Region Jakarta Capital Special Region
1973 Irian Barat West Irian Irian Jaya Irian Jaya Papua
1990 Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya Greater Jakarta Capital Special Region Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Jakarta Capital Special Region Jakarta Capital Special Region
2001 Daerah Istimewa Aceh Aceh Special Region Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace Aceh
2002 Irian Jaya Irian Jaya Papua Papua Papua
2007 Irian Jaya Barat West Irian Jaya Papua Barat West Papua West Papua
2009 Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace Aceh Aceh Aceh

Former provincial capitals

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Jakarta is a provincial-level city

References

  1. ^ ISO 3166-2:ID
  2. ^ "Data Wilayah – Kementerian Dalam Negeri – Republik Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  3. ^ Buku Induk—Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan per Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dan Kecamatan Seluruh Indonesia (PDF) (in Indonesian), Kementerian Dalam Negeri [Ministry of Home Affairs], archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-19
  4. ^ ISO 3166-2:ID (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of Indonesia)
  5. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik/Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, 2021.
  6. ^ Figures adjusted to take account of the separation of Tarakan city and four regencies, as confirmed by Badan Pusat Statistik, to form the new province of North Kalimantan, listed separately in this table.
  7. ^ West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat, and was renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007. The split remains controversial. In November 2004, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ruled that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, since the western province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also aborted the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, because the split was not yet completed. As of June 2008, an ISO 3166-2 code has not yet been published for West Papua. If one were to follow precedent, it would be ID-PB. Note: ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1 (corrected 2010-02-19) page 18-19 confirms this as ID-PB. See http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf . The code ID-IJ now refers to the larger geographical region including Papua and West Papua.
  8. ^ Adi Briantika (1 March 2021). "Mendalami Alasan Para Penolak Pemekaran Provinsi Papua Tengah". Tirto.id. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 1950" [Government Regulation Number 21 of 1950] (PDF). hukum.unsrat.ac.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-11. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  10. ^ "Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1956" [Act Number 25 of 1956]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  11. ^ "Undang-Undang Nomor 64 Tahun 1958" [Act Number 64 of 1958]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  12. ^ "Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 47 Tahun 1960" [Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 47 of 1960]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  13. ^ "Undang-Undang Darurat Nomor 19 Tahun 1957" [Emergency Act Number 19 Year 1957]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  14. ^ a b "Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1964" [Act Number 13 of 1964]. hukumonline.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1976" [Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1976] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
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