Aaron De Groft: Difference between revisions

Aaron De Groft
Aaron De Groft
Education	Smithfield High School (1984)
Alma mater	College of William & Mary (BA, 1988);; University of South Carolina-Columbia (MA);; Florida State University (PhD, 2000)
Occupation(s)	Museum director; author; art curator
Spouse	Kathryn Lee Garner (m. 1991)

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Aaron Herbert De Groft (born c. 1966)^[1] is an American museum director, author, and art curator. He was the former director for the Muscarelle Museum of Art at the College of William & Mary before he joined the Orlando Museum of Art in Florida in 2021. He was fired from the latter position in June 2022 amid a scandal caused by possible inauthentic Jean-Michel Basquiat paintings and an FBI raid.

After the Basquiat affair, a pattern of unattributed works linked to De Groft throughout his career emerged, including works purportedly by Paul Cézanne, Titian, and Jackson Pollock.

Early life

Aaron Herbert De Groft was born to Herbert W. De Groft.^[2] He grew up in Smithfield, Virginia, and attended Smithfield High School where he played baseball, football, and wrestling.^[3] He was Salutatorian for his class of 134 students, and graduated in June 1984.^[4]

Education and career

De Groft attended university at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, where he majored in history and graduated with a bachelor of arts degree in 1988.^[5]^[6] During that time, he took a position at the Muscarelle Museum of Art under then-director Glenn D. Lowry who had him performing manual jobs before moving into more of a research role.^[5] He went on to earn a master's degree in art history and museum studies with a speciality in contemporary American painting at the University of South Carolina-Columbia.^[7] He attended Florida State University, where he studied art history and earned his PhD in 2000 with a dissertation called "John Ringling In Perpetua Memoria: The Legacy and Prestige of Art and Collecting".^[8]^[9] While at FSU, he contributed to the Winterthur Portfolio academic journal, writing an article called "Eloquent Vessels/Poetics of Power", focusing on the pottery of David Drake.^[10]

He has edited one book, authored two books on his own, and co-authored three more, subjects of which include the Ca' d'Zan,^[11] Caravaggio,^[12] Fred Eversley,^[13] Michelangelo,^[14] and John and Mable Ringling.^[15] He wrote the preface for Building the Brafferton: The founding, funding, and legacy of America's Indian School.^[16] In October 2021, Orlando Magazine named him one of Orlando's 50 most powerful people in the entertainment, sports, and the arts, coming in at number four.^[17]

De Groft stayed in Florida for the early part of his career. He was the director at the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art for 11 years, followed by the Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens in Jacksonville, both located in the state.^[18] He worked to save the Ca' d'Zan mansion in Sarasota, Florida, and oversaw the $15 million conservation and restoration budget for the project, after which he was invited to apply to become director of the Muscarelle Museum of Art in Williamsburg, Virginia, a position which he accepted.^[19]

Muscarelle Museum of Art

At Muscarelle, De Groft oversaw "the first-ever international loan exhibition of Botticelli's works" in America.^[20] He also arranged for some of Michelangelo's pieces that "almost never travel" to be shown there in 2013 during the exhibit "Michelangelo: Sacred and Profane; Masterpiece Drawings from the Casa Buonarroti".^[21] De Groft is largely credited for saving the museum from closing when the budget was substantially slashed in 2002.^[1]

While at Muscarelle, De Groft directed the purchase of an unattributed painting that he credited to Paul Cézanne. De Groft partnered with art historian and Muscarelle Museum's chief curator John Spike to authenticate the painting, assisted by a William & Mary chemistry associate professor and a paintings conservator from the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.^[22] The authentication of the Cézanne piece was followed by a piece attributed to Titian.^[23] The purported Titian was from 1539-40 and titled Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua.^[24] In 2002, De Groft partnered with J. Allen Tucker to write an article for the peer-reviewed journal Ultrastructural Pathology about the piece, where they posited it was authenticated in the early 1900s, challenged by German art historian August L. Mayer in 1938 who said the piece was not authentic, and then re-authenticated under De Groft's direction to "persuasively conclude that this portrait is authentic."^[24]^[25] The work traveled, eventually being displayed at the Musée du Luxembourg, a gallery in Paris, France, where William T. Walker of William & Mary said, "The exhibition is the talk of the French capital."^[26]

After the Basquiat affair, art historian Charles Hope lambasted De Groft's testing and authentication of the Titian, saying, "The portrait is, to most people's eyes including my own, a feeble work unworthy of Titian himself. I tend to be suspicious of art historians using exotic scientific techniques to boost the credibility of second-rate pictures. It is an extremely common practice, and seldom, in my experience, produces convincing results."^[23] After working at Muscarelle for 14 years, De Groft left in December 2018, at which point the museum named an endowment after him called The Aaron De Groft Endowment for Museum Excellence.^[27]

Orlando Museum of Art and Basquiat paintings scandal

De Groft accepted the director's position at the Orlando Museum of Art in February 2021 after Glen Gentele exited the position.^[18]^[28] In January 2022, De Groft was going to give a lecture on a piece by expressionist painter Jackson Pollock. The speech was cancelled when the painting's authenticity was called into question.^[23] He was in charge of a 2022 exhibition of Jean-Michel Basquiat paintings in a show called "Heroes & Monsters". The 25 Basquiat paintings were reportedly recovered from a storage unit in Los Angeles, California, in 2012. The paintings had never been seen before and, if real, have been estimated to be worth over $100 million.^[29] In February 2022, the New York Times raised questions about the authenticity and provenance of the paintings.^[30] De Groft commissioned art historian and academic Jordana Moore Saggese to authenticate the paintings for $60,000; she subsequently tried to distance herself from the report and asked her name be removed from the exhibition.^[18] Saggese stated De Groft fabricated an interview with her to represent the works as legitimate.^[31] De Groft emailed her, writing, "You want us to put out there you got $60 grand to write this? Ok then. Shut up. You took the money. Stop being holier than thou. Do your academic thing and stay in your limited lane."^[18] The FBI raided the museum on June 24, and on June 28 the board fired De Groft for the email correspondence and the fake paintings.^[18] The Orlando Weekly subsequently called him a "Simpsons-esque con man".^[32]

Retrospective analysis of authentication patterns

After De Groft was fired from the Orlando Museum of Art, his past authentications were called into question. Writing for Observer, journalist Alexandra Tremayne-Pengelly said, "[De Groft] has exhibited a pattern of acquiring unremarkable paintings at auction and then attributing them to masters."^[33] Art advisor Todd Levin said, "De Groft has a history of being involved with so-called discoveries. The question that remains is how accurate has his past performance of reattributing works been?"^[33]

Personal life

De Groft married Kathryn Lee (née Gardner) at the Ashland Place United Methodist Church in Mobile, Alabama, on September 28, 1991.^[2] Kathryn is the daughter of Ann Medlin Gardner and pathologist Dr. William A. Gardner of Mobile, the latter of whom died in 2011.^[34]^[35] Like De Groft, she attended the University of South Carolina-Columbia.^[34] As of 2021, De Groft is still married lives in Baldwin Park, Orlando, Florida, and enjoys playing gin rummy with Kathryn.^[3] He also enjoys hunting, fishing, and exercising at the gym.^[3]

Painter Franz Kline is one of De Groft's favorite artists.^[5] Sculptures he appreciates are two works by Michelangelo, the first being Pietà, which he called "beyond amazing", and Rondanini Pietà, which he stated makes him cry.^[5]

Bibliography

As author

De Groft, Aaron H. Ringling and Rubens. (2003) ISBN 978-0916758486
De Groft, Aaron H. Michelangelo: Anatomy as Architecture, Drawings By the Master. (2010) ISBN 978-0970572547

As co-author

De Groft, Aaron H.; Weeks, David C. A Pictorial History of John and Mable Ringling. (2003) ISBN 978-0916758493
De Groft, Aaron H.; Weeks, David C. Ca d'Zan – Inside the Ringling Mansion. (2004) ISBN 978-0916758479
De Groft, Aaron H; Eversely, Fred. Fred Eversley: 50 years an artist: Light & space & energy. (2017) ISBN 978-0996804141

As editor

De Groft, Aaron H. Caravaggio Still Life with Fruit on a Stone Ledge. (2010) ISBN 978-0970572561

Preface only

Woodard, Buck; Moretti-Langholtz, Danielle. Building the Brafferton: The founding, funding, and legacy of America's Indian School. (2019) ISBN 978-0996804158

References

^ ^a ^b "W&M art museum rebounds". Richmond Times-Dispatch. February 10, 2018. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Weddings/Engagements". Daily Press. September 28, 1991. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cardinal, S. T. (April 27, 2021). "CP Interview: OMA's Aaron De Groft's love for art spans from Florence to Florida". The Community Paper. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ "Smithfield High seniors to graduate Thursday". Smithfield Times. June 6, 1984. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nimetz, Karen. "A Masterpiece in the Making". Orlando Family Magazine. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Honker, Carmen (February 13, 2018). "Muscarelle Displays Caravaggio-Style Paintings as a Last Exhibition Before Renovations". Flathat News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ "Today's Speaker: Dr. Aaron De Groft" (PDF). The Kiwanis Club of Williamsburg. November 24, 2010. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ "Aaron DeGroft (PhD 2000)". Florida State University. September 23, 2014. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Brown, Edgar Peters, ed. (2017). Buying Baroque: Italian Seventeenth-Century Paintings Come to America. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0271079448.
^ De Groft, Aaron (Winter 1999). "Eloquent Vessels/Poetics of Power". Winterthur Portfolio. 33 (4). doi:10.1086/496754. S2CID 225087311. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ De Groft, Aaron H.; Weeks, David C. (January 1, 2004). Ca d'Zan – Inside the Ringling Mansion. John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0916758479.
^ De Groft, Aaron H. (January 1, 2010). Caravaggio Still Life with Fruit on a Stone Ledge Paperback –. Muscarelle Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0970572561.
^ Eversley, Fred; De Groft, Aaron H. (January 1, 2017). Fred Eversley: 50 years an artist: Light & space & energy. Muscarelle Museum of Art, The College of William & Mary. ISBN 978-0996804141.
^ De Groft, Aaron H. (January 1, 2010). Michelangelo: Anatomy as Architecture, Drawings By the Master. Muscarelle Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0970572547.
^ De Groft, Aaron H.; Weeks, David C. (January 1, 2003). A Pictorial History of John and Mable Ringling. ISBN 978-0916758493.
^ Woodard, Buck; Moretti-Langholtz, Danielle (2019). Building the Brafferton: The founding, funding, and legacy of America's Indian School. Muscarelle Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0996804158.
^ McLeod, Michael; Tracy, Dan; Letakis, Patricia (October 1, 2021). "Orlando's 50 Most Powerful People of 2021: Entertainment, Sports, & The Arts". Orlando Magazine. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Sutton, Benjamin (June 29, 2022). "Orlando Museum of Art director fired after FBI raids Basquiat exhibition". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Jones, Chris (May 26, 2017). "Why Williamsburg?". Local Scoop Magazine. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ "Spotlight on Alumnus Aaron De Groft, Director of Muscarelle Museum of Art". Florida State University Department of Art History. March 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Levit, Ginger (March 5, 2013). "The Master". Style Weekly. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Birkenmeyer, Seth (July 15, 2017). "Muscarelle curator identifies Cézanne painting". Daily Press. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Escalante-De Mattei, Shanti (July 22, 2022). "Ousted Orlando Museum Director Behind Seized Basquiat Exhibit Had a History with 'Discovered' Artworks". ARTnews. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Tucker, J. Allen; De Groft, Aaron H. (2002). "From Renaissance Art to Contemporary Electron Microscopy: DeGroft's Rediscovery of Titian's "Lost" Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, of 1539-40". Ultrastructural Pathology. 26 (4): 195–201. doi:10.1080/01913120290076874. PMID 12227944. S2CID 20875765. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ Barisic, Sonja (May 15, 2006). "Titian may have painted it after all". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ Walker, William T. (November 15, 2006). "Muscarelle's Titian wows Paris". William & Mary. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ "A Fond Farewell" (PDF). Muscarelle Museum of Art. Winter–Spring 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Palm, Matthew J. (February 9, 2021). "Orlando Museum of Art announces new executive director". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ Simmons, Roger; Palm, Matthew J. (June 29, 2022). "Orlando Museum of Art director out after FBI's Basquiat raid". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
^ "In Orlando, 25 Mysterious Basquiats Come Under the Magnifying Glass". The New York Times. February 2022. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
^ Galbraith, Alex (June 29, 2022). "Orlando Museum of Art Director Aaron De Groft ousted after FBI raids museum seeking possibly fake Basquiat paintings". Orlando Weekly. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
^ Galbraith, Alex; Moyer, Matthew; Bryce Young, Jessica; Eagle, Kyle. "Monorail!". Orlando Weekly. p. 15. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Tremayne-Pengelly, Alexandra (July 22, 2022). "Museum Director Responsible for Seized Basquiat Collection Has a Previous History of Discovering So-Called Lost Art". Observer. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Gardener, DeGroft". Smithfield Times. August 28, 1991. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
^ "William Gardner Obituary". Press-Register. October 15, 2011. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

[saving_museum-1] "W&M art museum rebounds". Richmond Times-Dispatch. February 10, 2018. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[father_and_marriage-2] "Weddings/Engagements". Daily Press. September 28, 1991. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[CP_interview-3] Cardinal, S. T. (April 27, 2021). "CP Interview: OMA's Aaron De Groft's love for art spans from Florence to Florida". The Community Paper. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[HS_sal-4] "Smithfield High seniors to graduate Thursday". Smithfield Times. June 6, 1984. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[education-5] Nimetz, Karen. "A Masterpiece in the Making". Orlando Family Magazine. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[1988_graduation-6] Honker, Carmen (February 13, 2018). "Muscarelle Displays Caravaggio-Style Paintings as a Last Exhibition Before Renovations". Flathat News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[masters-7] "Today's Speaker: Dr. Aaron De Groft" (PDF). The Kiwanis Club of Williamsburg. November 24, 2010. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[FSU-8] "Aaron DeGroft (PhD 2000)". Florida State University. September 23, 2014. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[dissertation-9] Brown, Edgar Peters, ed. (2017). Buying Baroque: Italian Seventeenth-Century Paintings Come to America. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0271079448.

[journal-10] De Groft, Aaron (Winter 1999). "Eloquent Vessels/Poetics of Power". Winterthur Portfolio. 33 (4). doi:10.1086/496754. S2CID 225087311. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[book_with_Weeks_1-11] De Groft, Aaron H.; Weeks, David C. (January 1, 2004). Ca d'Zan – Inside the Ringling Mansion. John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0916758479.

[caravaggio_book-12] De Groft, Aaron H. (January 1, 2010). Caravaggio Still Life with Fruit on a Stone Ledge Paperback –. Muscarelle Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0970572561.

[eversley_book-13] Eversley, Fred; De Groft, Aaron H. (January 1, 2017). Fred Eversley: 50 years an artist: Light & space & energy. Muscarelle Museum of Art, The College of William & Mary. ISBN 978-0996804141.

[Muscarelle_Museum_of_Art_book-14] De Groft, Aaron H. (January 1, 2010). Michelangelo: Anatomy as Architecture, Drawings By the Master. Muscarelle Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0970572547.

[book_with_weeks_2-15] De Groft, Aaron H.; Weeks, David C. (January 1, 2003). A Pictorial History of John and Mable Ringling. ISBN 978-0916758493.

[preface-16] Woodard, Buck; Moretti-Langholtz, Danielle (2019). Building the Brafferton: The founding, funding, and legacy of America's Indian School. Muscarelle Museum of Art. ISBN 978-0996804158.

[best_50-17] McLeod, Michael; Tracy, Dan; Letakis, Patricia (October 1, 2021). "Orlando's 50 Most Powerful People of 2021: Entertainment, Sports, & The Arts". Orlando Magazine. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[TAN_-_6-29-18] Sutton, Benjamin (June 29, 2022). "Orlando Museum of Art director fired after FBI raids Basquiat exhibition". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[grant_funding-19] Jones, Chris (May 26, 2017). "Why Williamsburg?". Local Scoop Magazine. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[first_ever-20] "Spotlight on Alumnus Aaron De Groft, Director of Muscarelle Museum of Art". Florida State University Department of Art History. March 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[Michelangelo_show-21] Levit, Ginger (March 5, 2013). "The Master". Style Weekly. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[Daily_press_-_Birkenmeyer-22] Birkenmeyer, Seth (July 15, 2017). "Muscarelle curator identifies Cézanne painting". Daily Press. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[former_unattributed_works-23] Escalante-De Mattei, Shanti (July 22, 2022). "Ousted Orlando Museum Director Behind Seized Basquiat Exhibit Had a History with 'Discovered' Artworks". ARTnews. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[journal_article-24] Tucker, J. Allen; De Groft, Aaron H. (2002). "From Renaissance Art to Contemporary Electron Microscopy: DeGroft's Rediscovery of Titian's "Lost" Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, of 1539-40". Ultrastructural Pathology. 26 (4): 195–201. doi:10.1080/01913120290076874. PMID 12227944. S2CID 20875765. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[Barisic-25] Barisic, Sonja (May 15, 2006). "Titian may have painted it after all". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[Wows_Paris-26] Walker, William T. (November 15, 2006). "Muscarelle's Titian wows Paris". William & Mary. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[endowment-27] "A Fond Farewell" (PDF). Muscarelle Museum of Art. Winter–Spring 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[2021_director-28] Palm, Matthew J. (February 9, 2021). "Orlando Museum of Art announces new executive director". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[Orlando_Sentinel-29] Simmons, Roger; Palm, Matthew J. (June 29, 2022). "Orlando Museum of Art director out after FBI's Basquiat raid". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.

[TNYT-30] "In Orlando, 25 Mysterious Basquiats Come Under the Magnifying Glass". The New York Times. February 2022. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

[interview_fabrication-31] Galbraith, Alex (June 29, 2022). "Orlando Museum of Art Director Aaron De Groft ousted after FBI raids museum seeking possibly fake Basquiat paintings". Orlando Weekly. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

[Orlando_Weekly_quote-32] Galbraith, Alex; Moyer, Matthew; Bryce Young, Jessica; Eagle, Kyle. "Monorail!". Orlando Weekly. p. 15. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.

[Tremayne-Pengelly-33] Tremayne-Pengelly, Alexandra (July 22, 2022). "Museum Director Responsible for Seized Basquiat Collection Has a Previous History of Discovering So-Called Lost Art". Observer. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[kathryn_family-34] "Gardener, DeGroft". Smithfield Times. August 28, 1991. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

[obit_for_kathryn_dad-35] "William Gardner Obituary". Press-Register. October 15, 2011. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.

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 ===Muscarelle Museum of Art===
-At Muscarelle, De Groft oversaw "the first-ever international loan exhibition of [[Sandro Botticelli|Botticelli]]'s works" in America.<ref name="first ever">{{cite news |title=Spotlight on Alumnus Aaron De Groft, Director of Muscarelle Museum of Art |url=https://arthistory.fsu.edu/spotlight-degroft/ |access-date=June 29, 2022 |publisher=Florida State University Department of Art History |date=March 24, 2017 |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019155413/https://arthistory.fsu.edu/spotlight-degroft/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He also arranged for some of [[Michelangelo]]'s pieces that "almost never travel" to be shown there in 2013 during the exhibit "Michelangelo: Sacred and Profane; Masterpiece Drawings from the [[Casa Buonarroti]]".<ref name="Michelangelo show">{{cite news |last1=Levit |first1=Ginger |title=The Master |url=https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/the-master/Content?oid=1835528 |access-date=June 29, 2022 |work=Style Weekly |date=March 5, 2013 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181318/https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/the-master/Content?oid=1835528 |url-status=live }}</ref> De Groft is largely credited for saving the museum from closing when the budget was substantially slashed in 2002.<ref name="saving museum" /> While at Muscarelle, De Groft directed the purchase of an unattributed painting that he credited to [[Paul Cézanne]]. De Groft partnered with art historian and Muscarelle Museum's chief curator [[John Spike]] to authenticate the painting, assisted by a William & Mary chemistry associate professor and a paintings conservator from the [[Colonial Williamsburg Foundation]].<ref name="Daily press - Birkenmeyer">{{cite news |last1=Birkenmeyer |first1=Seth |title=Muscarelle curator identifies Cézanne painting |url=https://www.dailypress.com/life/va-vg-muscarelle-cezanne-painting-0715-20170715-story.html |access-date=August 1, 2022 |newspaper=Daily Press |date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183624/https://www.dailypress.com/life/va-vg-muscarelle-cezanne-painting-0715-20170715-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The authentication of the Cézanne piece was followed by a piece attributed to [[Titian]].<ref name="former unattributed works">{{cite news |last1=Escalante-De Mattei |first1=Shanti |title=Ousted Orlando Museum Director Behind Seized Basquiat Exhibit Had a History with 'Discovered' Artworks |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/orlando-museum-basquiat-director-discovered-artworks-1234635043/ |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=ARTnews |date=July 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731044546/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/orlando-museum-basquiat-director-discovered-artworks-1234635043/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The purported Titian was from 1539-40 and titled ''Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua''.<ref name="journal article">{{cite journal |last1=Tucker |first1=J. Allen |last2=De Groft |first2=Aaron H. |title=From Renaissance Art to Contemporary Electron Microscopy: DeGroft's Rediscovery of Titian's "Lost" Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, of 1539-40 |journal=Ultrastructural Pathology |date=2002 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=195–201 |doi=10.1080/01913120290076874 |pmid=12227944 |s2cid=20875765 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01913120290076874?journalCode=iusp20 |access-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801203516/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01913120290076874?journalCode=iusp20 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, De Groft partnered with J. Allen Tucker to write an article for the peer-reviewed journal ''[[Ultrastructural Pathology]]'' about the piece, where they posited it was authenticated in the early 1900s, challenged by German art historian [[August L. Mayer]] in 1938 who said the piece was not authentic, and then re-authenticated under De Groft's direction to "persuasively conclude that this portrait is authentic."<ref name="journal article" /><ref name="Barisic">{{cite news |last1=Barisic |first1=Sonja |title=Titian may have painted it after all |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-15-et-titian15-story.html |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=Associated Press |date=May 15, 2006 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712112728/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-15-et-titian15-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The work traveled, eventually being displayed at the [[Musée du Luxembourg]], a gallery in Paris, France, where William T. Walker of William & Mary said, "The exhibition is the talk of the French capital."<ref name="Wows Paris">{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=William T. |title=Muscarelle's Titian wows Paris |url=https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2006/muscarelles-titian-wows-paris.php |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=William & Mary |date=November 15, 2006 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413105904/https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2006/muscarelles-titian-wows-paris.php |url-status=live }}</ref> After the Basquiat affair, art historian [[Charles Hope (art historian)|Charles Hope]] lambasted De Groft's testing and authentication of the Titian, saying, "The portrait is, to most people's eyes including my own, a feeble work unworthy of Titian himself. I tend to be suspicious of art historians using exotic scientific techniques to boost the credibility of second-rate pictures. It is an extremely common practice, and seldom, in my experience, produces convincing results."<ref name="former unattributed works" /> After working at Muscarelle for 14 years, De Groft left in December 2018, at which point the museum named an endowment after him called The Aaron De Groft Endowment for Museum Excellence.<ref name="endowment">{{cite journal |title=A Fond Farewell |journal=Muscarelle Museum of Art |date=Winter–Spring 2019 |url=https://muscarelle.wm.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019_Winter-Spring_lowres.pdf |access-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212082055/https://muscarelle.wm.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019_Winter-Spring_lowres.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
+At Muscarelle, De Groft oversaw "the first-ever international loan exhibition of [[Sandro Botticelli|Botticelli]]'s works" in America.<ref name="first ever">{{cite news |title=Spotlight on Alumnus Aaron De Groft, Director of Muscarelle Museum of Art |url=https://arthistory.fsu.edu/spotlight-degroft/ |access-date=June 29, 2022 |publisher=Florida State University Department of Art History |date=March 24, 2017 |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019155413/https://arthistory.fsu.edu/spotlight-degroft/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He also arranged for some of [[Michelangelo]]'s pieces that "almost never travel" to be shown there in 2013 during the exhibit "Michelangelo: Sacred and Profane; Masterpiece Drawings from the [[Casa Buonarroti]]".<ref name="Michelangelo show">{{cite news |last1=Levit |first1=Ginger |title=The Master |url=https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/the-master/Content?oid=1835528 |access-date=June 29, 2022 |work=Style Weekly |date=March 5, 2013 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181318/https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/the-master/Content?oid=1835528 |url-status=live }}</ref> De Groft is largely credited for saving the museum from closing when the budget was substantially slashed in 2002.<ref name="saving museum" />
+While at Muscarelle, De Groft directed the purchase of an unattributed painting that he credited to [[Paul Cézanne]]. De Groft partnered with art historian and Muscarelle Museum's chief curator [[John Spike]] to authenticate the painting, assisted by a William & Mary chemistry associate professor and a paintings conservator from the [[Colonial Williamsburg Foundation]].<ref name="Daily press - Birkenmeyer">{{cite news |last1=Birkenmeyer |first1=Seth |title=Muscarelle curator identifies Cézanne painting |url=https://www.dailypress.com/life/va-vg-muscarelle-cezanne-painting-0715-20170715-story.html |access-date=August 1, 2022 |newspaper=Daily Press |date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183624/https://www.dailypress.com/life/va-vg-muscarelle-cezanne-painting-0715-20170715-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The authentication of the Cézanne piece was followed by a piece attributed to [[Titian]].<ref name="former unattributed works">{{cite news |last1=Escalante-De Mattei |first1=Shanti |title=Ousted Orlando Museum Director Behind Seized Basquiat Exhibit Had a History with 'Discovered' Artworks |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/orlando-museum-basquiat-director-discovered-artworks-1234635043/ |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=ARTnews |date=July 22, 2022 |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731044546/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/orlando-museum-basquiat-director-discovered-artworks-1234635043/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The purported Titian was from 1539-40 and titled ''Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua''.<ref name="journal article">{{cite journal |last1=Tucker |first1=J. Allen |last2=De Groft |first2=Aaron H. |title=From Renaissance Art to Contemporary Electron Microscopy: DeGroft's Rediscovery of Titian's "Lost" Portrait of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, of 1539-40 |journal=Ultrastructural Pathology |date=2002 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=195–201 |doi=10.1080/01913120290076874 |pmid=12227944 |s2cid=20875765 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01913120290076874?journalCode=iusp20 |access-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-date=August 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801203516/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01913120290076874?journalCode=iusp20 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, De Groft partnered with J. Allen Tucker to write an article for the peer-reviewed journal ''[[Ultrastructural Pathology]]'' about the piece, where they posited it was authenticated in the early 1900s, challenged by German art historian [[August L. Mayer]] in 1938 who said the piece was not authentic, and then re-authenticated under De Groft's direction to "persuasively conclude that this portrait is authentic."<ref name="journal article" /><ref name="Barisic">{{cite news |last1=Barisic |first1=Sonja |title=Titian may have painted it after all |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-15-et-titian15-story.html |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=Associated Press |date=May 15, 2006 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712112728/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-15-et-titian15-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The work traveled, eventually being displayed at the [[Musée du Luxembourg]], a gallery in Paris, France, where William T. Walker of William & Mary said, "The exhibition is the talk of the French capital."<ref name="Wows Paris">{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=William T. |title=Muscarelle's Titian wows Paris |url=https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2006/muscarelles-titian-wows-paris.php |access-date=August 1, 2022 |publisher=William & Mary |date=November 15, 2006 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413105904/https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2006/muscarelles-titian-wows-paris.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
+After the Basquiat affair, art historian [[Charles Hope (art historian)|Charles Hope]] lambasted De Groft's testing and authentication of the Titian, saying, "The portrait is, to most people's eyes including my own, a feeble work unworthy of Titian himself. I tend to be suspicious of art historians using exotic scientific techniques to boost the credibility of second-rate pictures. It is an extremely common practice, and seldom, in my experience, produces convincing results."<ref name="former unattributed works" /> After working at Muscarelle for 14 years, De Groft left in December 2018, at which point the museum named an endowment after him called The Aaron De Groft Endowment for Museum Excellence.<ref name="endowment">{{cite journal |title=A Fond Farewell |journal=Muscarelle Museum of Art |date=Winter–Spring 2019 |url=https://muscarelle.wm.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019_Winter-Spring_lowres.pdf |access-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-date=February 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212082055/https://muscarelle.wm.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019_Winter-Spring_lowres.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Orlando Museum of Art and Basquiat paintings scandal===

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