Kingston University: Difference between revisions
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The faculty is home to the London Graduate School, the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, the Practice Research Unit, the Institute of Social Science, Cultural Histories @ Kingston, and the Kingston Writing School. |
The faculty is home to the London Graduate School, the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, the Practice Research Unit, the Institute of Social Science, Cultural Histories @ Kingston, and the Kingston Writing School. |
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The faculty operates Kingston University Press. |
The faculty operates Kingston University Press.<ref>http://fass.kingston.ac.uk/kup/</ref> |
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====Faculty of Business and Law==== |
====Faculty of Business and Law==== |
Revision as of 23:02, 22 May 2017
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2013) |
Motto | Per Scientiam Progredimur (Latin) |
---|---|
Type | Public |
Established | 1899 – Kingston Technical Institute 1992 – gained University Status |
Endowment | £2.3 m[1] |
Chancellor | Bonnie Greer[2] |
Vice-Chancellor | Steven Spier (acting)[3] |
Students | 18,070 (2022/23)[4] |
Undergraduates | 12,770 (2022/23)[4] |
Postgraduates | 5,300 (2022/23)[4] |
Location | , United Kingdom 51°24′13″N 0°18′14″W / 51.4035°N 0.3039°W |
Campus | Urban |
Colours | Blue and White |
Nickname | The Kingston Cougars |
Affiliations | University Alliance |
Website | www |
Kingston University London (formerly Kingston University) is a public research university located in Kingston upon Thames, London, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1899, and became a university in 1992 after being Kingston Polytechnic. The four campuses are located in Kingston and Roehampton. There is a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate work spread across five faculties, and some further education provisions.
History
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2012) |
Kingston was founded as Kingston Technical Institute in 1899. In 1930 the Kingston School of Art separated, later to become Kingston College of Art. Kingston was recognised as a Regional College of Technology by Ministry of Education in 1957. In 1970, it merged with the College of Art to become Kingston Polytechnic, offering 34 major courses, of which 17 were at degree level.[5] In 1975, Kingston merged with the Gipsy Hill College of Education, itself founded in 1917, incorporating the College's faculty into Kingston's Division of Educational Studies.[6]
Kingston University was granted university status under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. In 1993, Kingston opened the Roehampton Vale campus building and in 1995, Kingston acquired Dorich House.
Campuses
Penrhyn Road
This is the main university campus located close to Kingston town centre. In addition to teaching facilities, it has a library, health centre and canteen. Students based here study: Arts and Social Sciences, Civil Engineering, Surveying and Planning, Computing and Information Systems and Mathematics, Earth Sciences and Geography, Statistics, Biosciences, Pharmacy, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, and Radiography. Development at this site has extended it to the Learning Resources Centre. Massive construction projects took place and a new modern building in memory of John Galsworthy was finished. Across the road is the Reg Bailey Theatre with a stage area used by drama and dance students.
The site hosts the Union of Kingston Students, which is now part of the main building. It used to be next door to Penrhyn Road's Student Union bar, The Space Bar. This building however is under negotiation of demolition. Penrhyn Road also houses the refurbished Fitness Centre. A short walk from the campus is Cooper House, also known as the Student Information and Advice Centre, which houses a number of student services and administration departments. Fairhill Medical Practice which is a National Health Service-run clinic providing general practitioners services and a wellbeing mental health service.
Kingston Hill
This campus underwent a major redevelopment in 1997. With its own halls and numerous car parks (including the main seven-storey car park) Kingston Hill mainly caters to Nursing, Law, Education, Business, Music, Health and Social Sciences. Located near the top of Kingston Hill, it connects to the other campus sites by use of a free university bus service. Before 1989, this campus was known as Gipsy Hill.
The music department is situated in Coombehurst House, which was once owned by Florence Nightingale's aunt and uncle. Nightingale was a frequent visitor to the house and the new Learning Resource Centre on Kingston Hill was named the Nightingale Centre after her.[7]
The Business School moved to a new building on the Kingston Hill Campus in 2012,[8] the year Ed McKeever, one of its alumni, won a gold medal at the London Olympics.
Following an introduction through the Board of Governors, Kingston University rescued Dorich House (a Grade II listed building[9]) and its art collections from dereliction in 1993 and the newly restored building was opened in 1996. Once the home to internationally acclaimed Estonian Sculptor Dora Gordine and the Hon. Richard Hare, the house became a museum in 2004.[10]
Knights Park
This campus, located on Grange Road, close to Penrhyn Road, is the home of the university's Faculty of Art, Design & Architecture, and provides undergraduate courses in Architecture, Art & Design History, Interior Design, Product & Furniture, Graphic Design, Filmmaking, Photography, Illustration & Animation, Fine Art and Fashion amongst others. The facility also has a student bar, café and arts library. The building is on the River Hogsmill (the banks of which were immortalised in the Pre-Raphaelite painting of Ophelia (painting) by John Everett Millais). The 'Middle Mill' hall of residence is situated across from the campus, close to the university's Stanley Picker Gallery.[11]
Roehampton Vale
The Roehampton Vale campus is based on Friars Avenue, on the outskirts of Kingston. Students studying all Engineering courses (except for Civil Engineering) are based here. Facilities on site include a wind tunnel, engineering workshops, flight simulator, a flying condition Learjet-200 plus automotive and aeronautical learning resources.
Development at this site opened the Hawker Wing, providing further teaching space.
Other locations
In addition to the four main campuses are three administration buildings: Cooper House near the Penrhyn Road Campus and River House in Kingston town centre – the latter is so named as it is overlooks the River Thames and includes the office of the Vice-Chancellor.
Organisation
Faculties
Teaching and research are organised in five faculties.
Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture
Based at the Knights Park campus, the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture can be traced back to the original School of Art in Kingston which was founded in the 1890s. It separated from the Technical College, moved to Knights Park in 1939, and became Kingston College of Art in 1945. The College of Art merged back with the Technical College to form Kingston Polytechnic in 1970.[12]
The faculty delivers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes of study across the following schools – Architecture & Landscape, Art & Design History, Fine Art, Surveying & Planning, 3D Design and Communication Design.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
Primarily based at the Penrhyn Road campus, although as part of a restructuring in 2005, the faculty incorporates the former School of Music and the School of Education which are based at the Kingston Hill Campus.
The faculty is home to the London Graduate School, the Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy, the Practice Research Unit, the Institute of Social Science, Cultural Histories @ Kingston, and the Kingston Writing School.
The faculty operates Kingston University Press.[13]
Faculty of Business and Law
Based at the Kingston Hill campus and incorporating the Kingston University Business School and Kingston Law School. The faculty has enrollment of almost 5,000 students.
The Faculty of Business and Law offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses and executive education in the five following groupings: Law, Accounting Finance and Banking, Informatics and Operations Management/Business, Information Technology, Leadership, Human Resources and Organisation and Strategy, Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
Faculty of Health and Social Care and Education
A collaboration with St George's, University of London (SGUL), the faculty is based at St George's Hospital in Tooting, and Kingston Hill (KH) and Penrhyn Road (PR) at Kingston University. The School of Education joined the Faculty in 2012.[14]
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing
The Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing was formed in summer 2011. The faculty is composed of eight schools: Aerospace and Aircraft Engineering; Civil Engineering and Construction; Computing and Information Systems; Geography, Geology and Environment; Life Sciences; Mathematics; Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; and Pharmacy and Chemistry.
The School of Geography, Geology and the Environment hosts Geographical Information Systems (GIS), which was the very first degree of its kind.[citation needed]
The faculty's teaching is split between undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Facilities at the Roehampton Vale campus including a Learjet 25, flight simulator, wind tunnel and automotive workshops including a range of vehicles and testing facilities.
Galleries
The Stanley Picker Gallery is the Faculty's exhibition space which is now used to present a variety of research-based projects, fellowships and exhibitions.[11]
In 2003, the Stanley Picker Gallery gave birth to Transitstation,[15] which was created/curated by Stanley Picker Fellow Dagmar Glausnitzer-Smith, and the then gallery curator Charles Ryder.
In 2003, the Director of Foundation Studies in Art and Design, Paul Stafford, converted a run-down public convenience in Kingston town centre into the Toilet Gallery.[16]
Kingston University runs Dorich House[17] which houses a huge collection of sculptor Dora Gordine's work, and fine examples of Russian Imperial art and furniture. Dorich House is also used as meeting and conference venue.
Research
The Faculty of Arts & Design runs a number of research centres:
- Contemporary Art Research Centre ("CARC")
- Colour Design Research Centre
- Screen Design Research Centre
- Modern Interiors Research Design[18]
- Sustainable Design Research Centre[19]
- Centre for the Contemporary Visual & Material Culture
- Curating Contemporary Design Research Group
- Real Estate Research Group
- Fashion Industry Research Centre
The Faculty of Business & Law has a number of specialist research units which cover the principal business disciplines. These research units include: Asia Business Research Centre, Business-to-Business Marketing Research Centre, Centre for Insolvency Law and Policy, Centre for Working Life Research, Consumer Research Unit, Marketing in New Contexts Group, Small Business Research Centre, Centre for Research in Employment, Skills & Society, Institute of Leadership & Management in Health.
The School of Computing and Information Systems research interests are spread across a wide range of topics, from emerging wireless and network technologies for healthcare, computationally intensive computer vision to computer-based learning technologies and networking. Research activities are organised into smaller research groups and larger research centres. The three current research centres are:
- Digital Imaging Research Centre (DIRC)[20]
- Mobile Information Networking Technologies (MINT)[21]
- The Mobile Information Engineering and E-Med Systems group,[22] is part of the MINT Research centre. It conducts research in the areas of bio-information systems and the application of emerging mobile and network technologies for health care systems. The group is active both nationally and internationally. The group brings together clinicians, engineers, and scientists in information and communication technologies for medicine and solutions to health care problems.
The schools within Engineering place emphasis on commercially useful research with significant funding from external bodies. The faculty has three research centres –
- Aerospace Research Group [23]
- Centre for Fire and Explosion Studies[24]
- Sustainable Technology Research Centre [25]
The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences has a number of active research areas, most notably English Literature and Language, including Creative Writing; History, Politics, Philosophy, Drama and Psychology.
Academic profile
Rankings and reputation
National rankings | |
---|---|
Complete (2025)[26] | 102 |
Guardian (2025)[27] | 81 |
Times / Sunday Times (2025)[28] | 122 |
Global rankings | |
QS (2025)[29] | 501–550 |
THE (2025)[30] | 601-800 |
Kingston University came 109th out of 127 UK universities in the Complete University Guide (2017). The Times/The Sunday Times Guide placed it at no. 117 (Good University Guide, 2016). The Guardian places Kingston at 88th of 119 surveyed universities in 2017.
Subjects ranked in the top 10 include Fashion & Textiles, Design & Crafts and Nursing.
National Student Survey exaggeration
In 2008, an audio recording obtained by student media included two psychology lecturers asking students to inflate their graded opinions given as part of the National Student Survey.[31] One member of staff was recorded as encouraging students to boost specific satisfaction scores, because "if Kingston comes down the bottom [of the league tables], then the bottom line is that nobody is going to want to employ you because they are going to think your degree is shit".[31][32] In response, Vice-Chancellor Peter Scott confirmed that the recording was genuine but added that he believed that the incident was an isolated one.[33] [34][35][36][37] In July 2008, the Higher Education Funding Council of England removed the University's Department of Psychology of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences from the League Tables for the year as its sanction for having fraudulently manipulated the National Student Survey results.[38]
External examiner controversy
In 2008, the BBC obtained e-mails circulated within Kingston's School of Music, relating to the opinions of an external examiner moderating the BMus course.[39] The messages showed that her final report caused considerable concern within the department. The examiner was persuaded to moderate her criticism following contact from a member of the University's staff. The e-mails also detailed a plan to replace her (at the end of her term) with a more experienced and broad-based external examiner, a process which Kingston stressed breaks no rules relating to the appointment of such examiners.[39] In October 2008, Peter Williams, Chief Executive of the UK Quality Assurance Agency (QAA), presented the agency's findings to a Parliamentary Select Committee charged with investigating standards in British higher education. Following an investigation of the allegations by a former University staff member that undue pressure was applied to the School of Music's External Examiner, QAA upheld all charges of wrongdoing, as alleged.[40][41][42]
Extremist speakers
In 2015, Prime Minister David Cameron named and shamed four British universities which gave platforms to allegedly extremist speakers.[43][44][45][46]
Kingston's Vice Chancellor Julius Weinberg defended his decision to allow controversial speakers in the name of free speech.[47]
Student life
Union of Kingston Students
The Union of Kingston Students (UKS), formerly Kingston University Students' Union (KUSU), and in the 1990s KUGOS (Kingston University Guild of Students') is a charitable organisation representing the student body and aiming to provide services and activities beneficial to the student experience. It is a student union in the meaning of the term given in the Education Act 1994, and whilst independent of the university is funded by a block grant from it.
Halls of residence
The university has six halls of residence. Chancellors' and Walkden are based at the Kingston Hill campus. Middle Mill is adjacent to Knights Park campus, while Clayhill and Seething Wells are on opposite sides of Surbiton. Finally, there is Kingston Bridge House which is situated on the edge of Bushy Park at the Hampton Wick end of Kingston Bridge, London.
There are also contracted out halls of residence which are not owned by the university but licensed by them. IQ Wave halls were contracted due to Rennie being demolished to make way for a new education building at Kingston Hill.
The university operates a "headed tenancy" scheme in which the university sublets local properties to students from landlords.
Notable people
Notable faculty and staff
- Paul Bailey, Senior Researcher and Distinguished Writer in Residence, Creative Writing
- Henry Bond, Senior Lecturer in Photography
- Moya Bowler, former fashion lecturer – shoe designer of 1960s–1980s
- Brian Brivati, Visiting Professor
- Will Brooker, Head of Film and Television Department
- Brycchan Carey, Professor of English Literature
- Peter J. Conradi, Professor Emeritus
- Rachel Cusk, Reader in Creative Writing[48]
- Vic Duppa-Whyte, Paper engineer, pop-up book creator
- Philippa Gregory, Fellow
- Vesna Goldsworthy, Professor of English Literature and Creative Writing
- Eva Hoffman, Senior Researcher and Distinguished Writer in Residence, Creative Writing
- Robert Istepanian, Professor of Data Communications
- Steve Keen Professor and Head of the School of Economics, History and Politics
- Hanif Kureshi, Distinguished Writer in Residence, Creative Writing
- Catherine McDermott, Professor of Design
- Catherine Malabou, Professor of Modern European Philosophy
- Jane Manning, Visiting Professor
- Richard Nott, former fashion lecturer and former student
- Peter Osborne, Professor of Philosophy
- Elif Shafak, Senior Researcher and Distinguished Writer in Residence, Creative Writing
- Chris Shepherd, Senior Lecturer in Illustration Animation
- Paul Andrew Williams, Film studies lecturer[49]
Notable alumni
- Richard Archer, musician, singer and songwriter, Hard-Fi
- Glenda Bailey, journalist, Editor in Chief, Harper's Bazaar
- Tony Ball, marketer, former Chief Executive of BSkyB
- Fiona Banner, artist, Turner Prize nominee
- Felipe Oliveira Baptista, fashion designer
- Ben Barnes, actor
- John Bratby, artist
- Richard Bryant, photographer
- Pery Burge, artist
- Jessie Cave, actress
- Sam Chan, actor
- Eason Chan, singer (did not graduate)
- David Chipperfield, architect
- Eric Clapton, musician[50] (did not graduate)
- Lawrence Dallaglio, rugby union player
- Sandy Denny (did not graduate)
- Alphonsia Emmanuel, actor
- Gail Emms, badminton player, Commonwealth Gold and Olympic Silver medallist
- Trevor Eve, actor[50] (did not graduate)
- Caryn Franklin, fashion journalist, broadcaster, writer, director and producer
- Anya Gallaccio, artist[51]
- Lavinia Greenlaw, poet and novelist[52]
- Karen Hall, illustrator
- Laura Harling, actor
- Jim Holdaway, illustrator
- Stewart Home, artist and novelist (did not graduate)
- Charles Ingram, British novelist, made famous by cheating on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
- James Irvine, product designer
- Just Jack, musician
- Graeme Le Saux, footballer
- Ruby McGregor-Smith, CEO MITIE Group
- Ed McKeever, Kayak World Champion and Olympic Gold Medallist
- Jasper Morrison, product designer
- David Nash, sculptor
- Laura Noble, art writer and gallerist
- Richard Nott, one half of 1989 Designer of the Year winner Workers for Freedom
- Ed Parsons, Geospatial technologist and tech evangelist
- Keith Relf, lead singer of The Yardbirds[53]
- John Renbourn (did not graduate)
- John Richmond, fashion designer
- Fletcher Sibthorp, artist
- Hadia Tajik, Minister of Culture, Government of Norway
- John Tiner, financial advisor / businessman
- Adel Al Toraifi, Minister of Information and Culture of Saudi Arabia
- Aphex Twin, musician Richard David James (did not graduate)
- Gregory Venables, Bishop of Argentina
- Francis Yeoh, businessman, Chief Executive Officer of YTL Corporation
- Ratheesan Yoganathan, businessman, Chairman of Lebara Group
- Alexander Yusuf, architect, Director of Villa and Mansion Architects
References
- ^ "Kingston University, London : Financial Statements 2014-15" (PDF). Kingston University. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ^ "Kingston University's new chancellor sets out her aims". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ^ "Vice-Chancellor's Team - How the University works - Kingston University London". Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ a b c "Where do HE students study?". Higher Education Statistics Agency. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Kingston University Website http://www.kingston.ac.uk/aboutkingstonuniversity/factsandfigures/ourhistory/. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ Gibson, Michael (1999). "A History of Kingston university" (PDF).
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110610153452/http://www.kingston.ac.uk/campusplanning/includes/docs/Communicate%20KH%20June%202007.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Kieran Long (11 April 2012). "Look and learn: intelligent design for education - Architecture - Arts". Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Dorich House, Kingston upon Thames". Britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ "Dorich House Museum". Dorichhousemuseum.org.uk. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ a b "The Stanley Picker Gallery at Kingston University is a public venue dedicated to the research, development, production and presentation of interdisciplinary contemporary arts practice". Stanley Picker Gallery. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Our History". Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ^ http://fass.kingston.ac.uk/kup/
- ^ Kingston University. Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education
- ^ "transitstation - Exhibition as Event". Transitstation.de. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "育毛剤の人気ランキング情報". Toiletgallery.org. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Dorich House Museum". Kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Kingston University - Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture - Modern Interiors Research Centre". Kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20070313142605/http://www.kingston.ac.uk/design/research/sustainable.html. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Digital Imaging Research Centre - The Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing - Kingston University London". Sec.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Medical Information and Network Technologies - The Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing - Kingston University London". Sec.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Mobile Information Engineering and E-Med Systems (MOMED)". Sec.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "ARG, Aerospace Research Group". Sec.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Centre for Fire & Explosion Studies - The Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing - Kingston University London". Sec.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Sustainable Technologies Research Centre - The Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing - Kingston University London". Sec.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ "Complete University Guide 2025". The Complete University Guide. 14 May 2024.
- ^ "Guardian University Guide 2025". The Guardian. 7 September 2024.
- ^ "Good University Guide 2025". The Times. 20 September 2024.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2025". Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. 4 June 2024.
- ^ "THE World University Rankings 2025". Times Higher Education. 9 October 2024.
- ^ a b Coughlin, Sean (13 May 2008). "University staff faking survey". BBC. Retrieved 13 May 2008.
- ^ Mostrous, Alexi (14 May 2008). "Kingston University students told to lie to boost college's rank in government poll". The Times. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
- ^ "Kingston University witness intimidation". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "Kingston University governers grievance appeal recording part 1". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "Kingston University governers grievance appeal recording part 2". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "Kingston University National Student Survey fraud recording". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "Statement in response to National Student Survey complaint". Kingston University Press Office. 14 May 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
- ^ Coughlin, Sean (26 July 2008). "Faculty in league table expulsion". BBC. Retrieved 26 July 2008.
- ^ a b Coughlan, Sean (24 June 2008). "Examiner dropped course criticism". BBC. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
- ^ The Committee Office, House of Commons. "House of Commons - Innovation, Universities, Science and Skills - Minutes of Evidence". Parliament.the-stationery-office.com. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20090719205943/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/causesforconcern/Kingston09.asp. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Newman, Melanie (26 March 2009). "Kingston Showed Lack of Regard for External Examiner's Role, Says QAA". TSL Education Ltd. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
- ^ British universities that give the floor to extremist speakers are named and shamed, The Telegraph
- ^ 100 extremists a year lecture at universities: Fanatics given a platform to spread hatred of the West despite ministers demanding crackdown on radicalism , Daily Mail
- ^ Universities 'fail to ban radicals': 27 lectures featuring guests with extremist views take place in London in just five months, Daily Mail
- ^ "'Show us the evidence David Cameron': Supporters rally after Kingston University listed for extremism". Surrey Comet.
- ^ I won't stop offering a platform to so-called 'hate speakers', The Guardian
- ^ https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/aug/30/rachel-cusk-lynn-barber
- ^ "Paul Andrew Williams joins Film Team - Activities - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences - Kingston University London". Fass.kingston.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ^ a b "Kingston University – A–Z Unis & Colleges, Getting Into University". The Independent. Independent News and Media. 27 July 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
- ^ Unattributed, "Anya Gallaccio Archived 7 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine," British Council - online biography, retrieved, 22 August 2011
- ^ https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/lavinia-greenlaw
- ^ Ian MacDonald, "Preface to the First Revised Edition." In MacDonald, Revolution in the Head (London: Vintage, 2005), p. xix.