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'''''Campylobacter concisus''''' is a [[Gram-negative]], highly [[Fastidious organism|fastidious]], [[Mesophile|mesophilic]] bacterium that grows under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions with the presence of hydrogen significantly aiding growth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/2014/476047/|title=Examination of the Anaerobic Growth of Campylobacter concisus Strains|last=Lee|first=Hoyul|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> [[Motility|Motile]], with either unipolar or bipolar [[flagella]], the organisms have a characteristic spiral/[[corkscrew]] appearance and are [[oxidase]]-positive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tanner|first1=A. C. R.|last2=Badger|first2=S.|last3=Lai|first3=C.-H|last4=Listgarten|first4=M. A.|last5=Visconti|first5=R. A.|last6=Socransky|first6=S. S.|title=Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and Description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from Humans with Periodontal Disease|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=1981|volume=31|pages=432–45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=P. Vandamme|author2=F. E. Dewhirst|author3=B. J. Paster|author4=S. L. W. On|editor1-last=Garrity|editor1-first=G.|editor2-last=Krieg|editor2-first=N. R.|editor3-last=Staley|editor3-first=J. T.|editor4-last=Brenner|editor4-first=D. J.|title=Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology|date=2005|publisher=Springer-Verlag New York|location=NY, USA|isbn=978-0-387-29298-4|pages=1147–1160|edition=2|chapter=Genus I. Campylobacter}}</ref><ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | pages = 378&ndash;80 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Although the human oral cavity is the natural colonization site of the bacterium, ''C. concisus'' may also colonize the intestinal tract of some individuals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhang|first=Li|last2=Budiman|first2=Vanna|last3=Day|first3=Andrew S.|last4=Mitchell|first4=Hazel|last5=Lemberg|first5=Daniel A.|last6=Riordan|first6=Stephen M.|last7=Grimm|first7=Michael|last8=Leach|first8=Steven T.|last9=Ismail|first9=Yazan|date=2010-08-01|title=Isolation and detection of Campylobacter concisus from saliva of healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=48|issue=8|pages=2965–2967|doi=10.1128/JCM.02391-09|issn=1098-660X|pmc=2916630|pmid=20519479}}</ref> In particular, several studies have reported higher intestinal prevalence of ''C. concisus'' in patients with IBD compared to healthy controls,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahendran|first=Vikneswari|last2=Riordan|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Grimm|first3=Michael C.|last4=Tran|first4=Thi Anh Tuyet|last5=Major|first5=Joelene|last6=Kaakoush|first6=Nadeem O.|last7=Mitchell|first7=Hazel|last8=Zhang|first8=Li|date=2011-09-23|title=Prevalence of Campylobacter Species in Adult Crohn's Disease and the Preferential Colonization Sites of Campylobacter Species in the Human Intestine|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025417|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=9|pages=e25417|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025417|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3179513|pmid=21966525}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhang|first=Li|last2=Man|first2=Si Ming|last3=Day|first3=Andrew S.|last4=Leach|first4=Steven T.|last5=Lemberg|first5=Daniel A.|last6=Dutt|first6=Shoma|last7=Stormon|first7=Michael|last8=Otley|first8=Anthony|last9=O'Loughlin|first9=Edward V.|date=2009-02-01|title=Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter Species Other than C. jejuni from Children with Crohn's Disease|url=http://jcm.asm.org/content/47/2/453|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=2|pages=453–455|doi=10.1128/jcm.01949-08|issn=0095-1137|pmid=19052183}}</ref> which has led to current speculation of the bacterium's implication in the induction of Crohn's disease.
'''''Campylobacter concisus''''' is a [[Gram-negative]], highly [[Fastidious organism|fastidious]], [[Mesophile|mesophilic]] bacterium that grows under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions with the presence of hydrogen significantly aiding growth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/2014/476047/|title=Examination of the Anaerobic Growth of Campylobacter concisus Strains|last=Lee|first=Hoyul|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> [[Motility|Motile]], with either unipolar or bipolar [[flagella]], the organisms have a characteristic spiral/[[corkscrew]] appearance and are [[oxidase]]-positive.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tanner|first1=A. C. R.|last2=Badger|first2=S.|last3=Lai|first3=C.-H|last4=Listgarten|first4=M. A.|last5=Visconti|first5=R. A.|last6=Socransky|first6=S. S.|title=Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and Description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from Humans with Periodontal Disease|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=1981|volume=31|pages=432–45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=P. Vandamme|author2=F. E. Dewhirst|author3=B. J. Paster|author4=S. L. W. On|editor1-last=Garrity|editor1-first=G.|editor2-last=Krieg|editor2-first=N. R.|editor3-last=Staley|editor3-first=J. T.|editor4-last=Brenner|editor4-first=D. J.|title=Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology|date=2005|publisher=Springer-Verlag New York|location=NY, USA|isbn=978-0-387-29298-4|pages=1147–1160|edition=2|chapter=Genus I. Campylobacter}}</ref><ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | pages = 378&ndash;80 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Although the human oral cavity is the natural colonization site of the bacterium, ''C. concisus'' may also colonize the intestinal tract of some individuals.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhang|first=Li|last2=Budiman|first2=Vanna|last3=Day|first3=Andrew S.|last4=Mitchell|first4=Hazel|last5=Lemberg|first5=Daniel A.|last6=Riordan|first6=Stephen M.|last7=Grimm|first7=Michael|last8=Leach|first8=Steven T.|last9=Ismail|first9=Yazan|date=2010-08-01|title=Isolation and detection of Campylobacter concisus from saliva of healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=48|issue=8|pages=2965–2967|doi=10.1128/JCM.02391-09|issn=1098-660X|pmc=2916630|pmid=20519479}}</ref> In particular, several studies have reported higher intestinal prevalence of ''C. concisus'' in patients with IBD compared to healthy controls,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahendran|first=Vikneswari|last2=Riordan|first2=Stephen M.|last3=Grimm|first3=Michael C.|last4=Tran|first4=Thi Anh Tuyet|last5=Major|first5=Joelene|last6=Kaakoush|first6=Nadeem O.|last7=Mitchell|first7=Hazel|last8=Zhang|first8=Li|date=2011-09-23|title=Prevalence of Campylobacter Species in Adult Crohn's Disease and the Preferential Colonization Sites of Campylobacter Species in the Human Intestine|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025417|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=9|pages=e25417|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025417|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3179513|pmid=21966525}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhang|first=Li|last2=Man|first2=Si Ming|last3=Day|first3=Andrew S.|last4=Leach|first4=Steven T.|last5=Lemberg|first5=Daniel A.|last6=Dutt|first6=Shoma|last7=Stormon|first7=Michael|last8=Otley|first8=Anthony|last9=O'Loughlin|first9=Edward V.|date=2009-02-01|title=Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter Species Other than C. jejuni from Children with Crohn's Disease|url=http://jcm.asm.org/content/47/2/453|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|language=en|volume=47|issue=2|pages=453–455|doi=10.1128/jcm.01949-08|issn=0095-1137|pmid=19052183}}</ref> which has led to current speculation of the bacterium's implication in the induction of Crohn's disease.


A number of studies have defined ''C. concisus'' to be composed of two phenotypically identical, yet genomically distinct genomospecies by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), housekeeping genes and a PCR method targeting the polymorphisms of ''C. concisus'' 23S rRNA gene.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aabenhus|first=Rune|last2=On|first2=Stephen L. W.|last3=Siemer|first3=Berit L.|last4=Permin|first4=Henrik|last5=Andersen|first5=Leif P.|date=2005-10-01|title=Delineation of Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Correlation of Results with Clinical Data|url=http://jcm.asm.org/content/43/10/5091|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|language=en|volume=43|issue=10|pages=5091–5096|doi=10.1128/JCM.43.10.5091-5096.2005|issn=0095-1137|pmc=1248439|pmid=16207968}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kalischuk|first=Lisa D.|last2=Inglis|first2=G. Douglas|date=2011-01-01|title=Comparative genotypic and pathogenic examination of Campylobacter concisusisolates from diarrheic and non-diarrheic humans|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-53|journal=BMC Microbiology|volume=11|pages=53|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-11-53|issn=1471-2180|pmc=3068073|pmid=21406111}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=William G.|last2=Chapman|first2=Mary H.|last3=Yee|first3=Emma|last4=On|first4=Stephen L. W.|last5=McNulty|first5=Desmond K.|last6=Lastovica|first6=Albert J.|last7=Carroll|first7=Anne M.|last8=McNamara|first8=Eleanor B.|last9=Duffy|first9=Geraldine|date=2012-01-01|title=Multilocus Sequence Typing Methods for the Emerging Campylobacter Species C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus|url=http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00045/abstract|journal=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology|language=English|volume=2|doi=10.3389/fcimb.2012.00045|issn=2235-2988|pmc=3417633|pmid=22919636}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahendran|first=Vikneswari|last2=Octavia|first2=Sophie|last3=Demirbas|first3=Omer Faruk|last4=Sabrina|first4=Sheryl|last5=Ma|first5=Rena|last6=Lan|first6=Ruiting|last7=Riordan|first7=Stephen M.|last8=Grimm|first8=Michael C.|last9=Zhang|first9=Li|date=2015-01-01|title=Delineation of genetic relatedness and population structure of oral and enteric Campylobacter concisus strains by analysis of housekeeping genes|url=http://mic.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000112|journal=Microbiology|volume=161|issue=8|pages=1600–1612|doi=10.1099/mic.0.000112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Engberg|first=J.|last2=Bang|first2=D.D.|last3=Aabenhus|first3=R.|last4=Aarestrup|first4=F.M.|last5=Fussing|first5=V.|last6=Gerner-Smidt|first6=P.|date=2005-04-01|title=Campylobacter concisus: an evaluation of certain phenotypic and genotypic characteristics|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1198743X14622394|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|language=English|volume=11|issue=4|pages=288–295|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01111.x|issn=1198-743X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=S|first=L W On|last2=B|first2=L Siemer|last3=S|first3=M Br|last4=t|last5=P|first5=Chung|last6=A|first6=J Lastovica|date=2013-04-30|title=Characterisation of Campylobacter concisus strains from South Africa using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) profiling and a Genomospecies-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay: Identification of novel genomospecies and correlation with clinical data|url=http://academicjournals.org/journal/AJMR/article-abstract/EFEF78817794|journal=African Journal of Microbiology Research|language=en|volume=7|issue=18|pages=1845–1851|doi=10.5897/ajmr12.2182|issn=1996-0808}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chung|first=Heung Kit Leslie|last2=Tay|first2=Alfred|last3=Octavia|first3=Sophie|last4=Chen|first4=Jieqiong|last5=Liu|first5=Fang|last6=Ma|first6=Rena|last7=Lan|first7=Ruiting|last8=Riordan|first8=Stephen M|last9=Grimm|first9=Michael C.|date=2016-12-02|title=Genome analysis of Campylobacter concisus strains from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and gastroenteritis provides new insights into pathogenicity|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep38442|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|doi=10.1038/srep38442|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5133609|pmid=27910936}}</ref> The two genomospecies appear to harbor different levels of enteric pathogenic potential, with oral ''C. concisus'' strains that were invasive to human epithelial cell line (Caco2) found only in Genomospecies-2 (GS2).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ismail|first=Yazan|last2=Mahendran|first2=Vikneswari|last3=Octavia|first3=Sophie|last4=Day|first4=Andrew S.|last5=Riordan|first5=Stephen M.|last6=Grimm|first6=Michael C.|last7=Lan|first7=Ruiting|last8=Lemberg|first8=Daniel|last9=Tran|first9=Thi Anh Tuyet|date=2012-05-30|title=Investigation of the Enteric Pathogenic Potential of Oral Campylobacter concisus Strains Isolated from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038217|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=5|pages=e38217|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0038217|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3364211|pmid=22666490}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahendran|first=Vikneswari|last2=Liu|first2=Fang|last3=Riordan|first3=Stephen M.|last4=Grimm|first4=Michael C.|last5=Tanaka|first5=Mark M.|last6=Zhang|first6=Li|date=2016-01-01|title=Examination of the effects of Campylobacter concisus zonula occludens toxin on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9|journal=Gut Pathogens|volume=8|pages=18|doi=10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9|issn=1757-4749|pmc=4870807|pmid=27195022}}</ref>
A number of studies have defined ''C. concisus'' to be composed of two phenotypically identical, yet genomically distinct genomospecies by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), housekeeping genes and a PCR method targeting the polymorphisms of ''C. concisus'' 23S rRNA gene.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aabenhus|first=Rune|last2=On|first2=Stephen L. W.|last3=Siemer|first3=Berit L.|last4=Permin|first4=Henrik|last5=Andersen|first5=Leif P.|date=2005-10-01|title=Delineation of Campylobacter concisus Genomospecies by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Correlation of Results with Clinical Data|url=http://jcm.asm.org/content/43/10/5091|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|language=en|volume=43|issue=10|pages=5091–5096|doi=10.1128/JCM.43.10.5091-5096.2005|issn=0095-1137|pmc=1248439|pmid=16207968}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kalischuk|first=Lisa D.|last2=Inglis|first2=G. Douglas|date=2011-01-01|title=Comparative genotypic and pathogenic examination of Campylobacter concisusisolates from diarrheic and non-diarrheic humans|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-53|journal=BMC Microbiology|volume=11|pages=53|doi=10.1186/1471-2180-11-53|issn=1471-2180|pmc=3068073|pmid=21406111}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=William G.|last2=Chapman|first2=Mary H.|last3=Yee|first3=Emma|last4=On|first4=Stephen L. W.|last5=McNulty|first5=Desmond K.|last6=Lastovica|first6=Albert J.|last7=Carroll|first7=Anne M.|last8=McNamara|first8=Eleanor B.|last9=Duffy|first9=Geraldine|date=2012-01-01|title=Multilocus Sequence Typing Methods for the Emerging Campylobacter Species C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus|url=http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00045/abstract|journal=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology|language=English|volume=2|doi=10.3389/fcimb.2012.00045|issn=2235-2988|pmc=3417633|pmid=22919636}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahendran|first=Vikneswari|last2=Octavia|first2=Sophie|last3=Demirbas|first3=Omer Faruk|last4=Sabrina|first4=Sheryl|last5=Ma|first5=Rena|last6=Lan|first6=Ruiting|last7=Riordan|first7=Stephen M.|last8=Grimm|first8=Michael C.|last9=Zhang|first9=Li|date=2015-01-01|title=Delineation of genetic relatedness and population structure of oral and enteric Campylobacter concisus strains by analysis of housekeeping genes|url=http://mic.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000112|journal=Microbiology|volume=161|issue=8|pages=1600–1612|doi=10.1099/mic.0.000112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Engberg|first=J.|last2=Bang|first2=D.D.|last3=Aabenhus|first3=R.|last4=Aarestrup|first4=F.M.|last5=Fussing|first5=V.|last6=Gerner-Smidt|first6=P.|date=2005-04-01|title=Campylobacter concisus: an evaluation of certain phenotypic and genotypic characteristics|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1198743X14622394|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|language=English|volume=11|issue=4|pages=288–295|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01111.x|issn=1198-743X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=S|first=L W On|last2=B|first2=L Siemer|last3=S|first3=M Br|last4=t|last5=P|first5=Chung|last6=A|first6=J Lastovica|date=2013-04-30|title=Characterisation of Campylobacter concisus strains from South Africa using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) profiling and a Genomospecies-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay: Identification of novel genomospecies and correlation with clinical data|url=http://academicjournals.org/journal/AJMR/article-abstract/EFEF78817794|journal=African Journal of Microbiology Research|language=en|volume=7|issue=18|pages=1845–1851|doi=10.5897/ajmr12.2182|issn=1996-0808}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chung|first=Heung Kit Leslie|last2=Tay|first2=Alfred|last3=Octavia|first3=Sophie|last4=Chen|first4=Jieqiong|last5=Liu|first5=Fang|last6=Ma|first6=Rena|last7=Lan|first7=Ruiting|last8=Riordan|first8=Stephen M|last9=Grimm|first9=Michael C.|date=2016-12-02|title=Genome analysis of Campylobacter concisus strains from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and gastroenteritis provides new insights into pathogenicity|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep38442|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|doi=10.1038/srep38442|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5133609|pmid=27910936}}</ref> The two genomospecies appear to harbor different levels of enteric pathogenic potential, with oral ''C. concisus'' strains that were invasive to human epithelial cell line (Caco2) found only in Genomospecies-2 (GS2).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ismail|first=Yazan|last2=Mahendran|first2=Vikneswari|last3=Octavia|first3=Sophie|last4=Day|first4=Andrew S.|last5=Riordan|first5=Stephen M.|last6=Grimm|first6=Michael C.|last7=Lan|first7=Ruiting|last8=Lemberg|first8=Daniel|last9=Tran|first9=Thi Anh Tuyet|date=2012-05-30|title=Investigation of the Enteric Pathogenic Potential of Oral Campylobacter concisus Strains Isolated from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038217|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=5|pages=e38217|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0038217|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3364211|pmid=22666490}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mahendran|first=Vikneswari|last2=Liu|first2=Fang|last3=Riordan|first3=Stephen M.|last4=Grimm|first4=Michael C.|last5=Tanaka|first5=Mark M.|last6=Zhang|first6=Li|date=2016-01-01|title=Examination of the effects of Campylobacter concisus zonula occludens toxin on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9|journal=Gut Pathogens|volume=8|pages=18|doi=10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9|issn=1757-4749|pmc=4870807|pmid=27195022}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 10:12, 28 August 2017

Campylobacter concisus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Epsilonproteobacteria
Order:
Campylobacterales
Family:
Campylobacteraceae
Genus:
Campylobacter
Species:
C. concisus
Binomial name
Campylobacter concisus
Tanner et al, 1981

Campylobacter concisus is a Gram-negative, highly fastidious, mesophilic bacterium that grows under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions with the presence of hydrogen significantly aiding growth.[1] Motile, with either unipolar or bipolar flagella, the organisms have a characteristic spiral/corkscrew appearance and are oxidase-positive.[2][3][4] Although the human oral cavity is the natural colonization site of the bacterium, C. concisus may also colonize the intestinal tract of some individuals.[5] In particular, several studies have reported higher intestinal prevalence of C. concisus in patients with IBD compared to healthy controls,[6][7] which has led to current speculation of the bacterium's implication in the induction of Crohn's disease.

A number of studies have defined C. concisus to be composed of two phenotypically identical, yet genomically distinct genomospecies by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), housekeeping genes and a PCR method targeting the polymorphisms of C. concisus 23S rRNA gene.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The two genomospecies appear to harbor different levels of enteric pathogenic potential, with oral C. concisus strains that were invasive to human epithelial cell line (Caco2) found only in Genomospecies-2 (GS2).[15][16]

References

  1. ^ Lee, Hoyul. "Examination of the Anaerobic Growth of Campylobacter concisus Strains". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ Tanner, A. C. R.; Badger, S.; Lai, C.-H; Listgarten, M. A.; Visconti, R. A.; Socransky, S. S. (1981). "Wolinella gen. nov., Wolinella succinogenes (Vibrio succinogenes Wolin et al.) comb. nov., and Description of Bacteroides gracilis sp. nov., Wolinella recta sp. nov., Campylobacter concisus sp. nov., and Eikenella corrodens from Humans with Periodontal Disease". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 31: 432–45.
  3. ^ P. Vandamme; F. E. Dewhirst; B. J. Paster; S. L. W. On (2005). "Genus I. Campylobacter". In Garrity, G.; Krieg, N. R.; Staley, J. T.; Brenner, D. J. (eds.). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (2 ed.). NY, USA: Springer-Verlag New York. pp. 1147–1160. ISBN 978-0-387-29298-4.
  4. ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 378–80. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Zhang, Li; Budiman, Vanna; Day, Andrew S.; Mitchell, Hazel; Lemberg, Daniel A.; Riordan, Stephen M.; Grimm, Michael; Leach, Steven T.; Ismail, Yazan (2010-08-01). "Isolation and detection of Campylobacter concisus from saliva of healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48 (8): 2965–2967. doi:10.1128/JCM.02391-09. ISSN 1098-660X. PMC 2916630. PMID 20519479.
  6. ^ Mahendran, Vikneswari; Riordan, Stephen M.; Grimm, Michael C.; Tran, Thi Anh Tuyet; Major, Joelene; Kaakoush, Nadeem O.; Mitchell, Hazel; Zhang, Li (2011-09-23). "Prevalence of Campylobacter Species in Adult Crohn's Disease and the Preferential Colonization Sites of Campylobacter Species in the Human Intestine". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e25417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025417. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3179513. PMID 21966525.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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  14. ^ Chung, Heung Kit Leslie; Tay, Alfred; Octavia, Sophie; Chen, Jieqiong; Liu, Fang; Ma, Rena; Lan, Ruiting; Riordan, Stephen M; Grimm, Michael C. (2016-12-02). "Genome analysis of Campylobacter concisus strains from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and gastroenteritis provides new insights into pathogenicity". Scientific Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1038/srep38442. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5133609. PMID 27910936.
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  16. ^ Mahendran, Vikneswari; Liu, Fang; Riordan, Stephen M.; Grimm, Michael C.; Tanaka, Mark M.; Zhang, Li (2016-01-01). "Examination of the effects of Campylobacter concisus zonula occludens toxin on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages". Gut Pathogens. 8: 18. doi:10.1186/s13099-016-0101-9. ISSN 1757-4749. PMC 4870807. PMID 27195022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)


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