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Cinderella or the Glass Slipper

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Cinderella or the Glass Slipper
Directed byGeorges Méliès
Based on"Cinderella"
by Charles Perrault
Produced byCharles Pathé
Edited byFerdinand Zecca
Production
company
Distributed byPathé Frères
Release date
  • 3 January 1913 (1913-01-03) (France)
CountryFrance
LanguageSilent

Cinderella or the Glass Slipper (French: Cendrillon ou la Pantoufle merveilleuse) is a 1913 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès, based on the fairy tale by Charles Perrault.

Production

Méliès had previously adapted Cinderella thirteen years earlier, in an 1899 film which had been his first big success.[1] The 1912 Cinderella can be considered a remake of the earlier film; both are derived directly from the original Perrault tale.[2]

The film was made in the summer and autumn of 1912.[3] Louise Lagrange, who would later appear in many French and Hollywood films, plays one of Cinderella's sisters. In a conversation with the writers of a Centre national du cinéma publication, Essai de reconstitution du catalogue français de la Star-Film, she recalled Méliès's kindness and courtesy, as well as his meticulous diligence during the filming of special effects sequences.[4] Prince Charming is also played by an actress.[5] Méliès himself makes an appearance in the film as the Prince's messenger who searches for the owner of the glass slipper.[6] His daughter, Georgette Méliès, was likely one of the two camera operators (each of Méliès's films from 1902 onward was shot with two cameras simultaneously for international distribution).[7] Special effects in the film were created using stage machinery, dissolves, and substitution splices.[4]

Like all of the other films Méliès made in 1911 and 1912, Cinderella was made under the supervision of Charles Pathé for his studio Pathé Frères.[6] After receiving Méliès's work, Pathé authorized the filmmaker Ferdinand Zecca to edit it. Zecca cut the film down—reportedly to half the length Méliès intended—and is also probably responsible for adding the cross-cutting effects and medium shots seen in the film, as these devices are highly unusual in Méliès's style.[6]

In 1944, Méliès's widow Jehanne d'Alcy claimed to the Cinémathèque française that Zecca had "massacred" the film, cutting out the best scenes, including one in which pumpkins race each other across a garden.[4] D'Alcy asserted that the editing was sabotage intended to ruin Méliès's career. This charge against Zecca was never proven,[6] though the abrupt linear edits do suggest that Zecca's work extended to a reedit of the entire film.[4]

Release and reception

According to advertisements published in December 1912, the film scheduled for release on 3 January 1913.[8] It was advertised as a féerie en 2 parties et 30 tableaux, d'après le chef-d'œuvre de Charles Perrault.[9] In sharp contrast to Méliès's 1899 version, the 1912 film was not a success with audiences and exhibitors, at least in part because Méliès's theatrical style had fallen out of fashion in the intervening years.[10]

In a 1979 book on Méliès, film scholar John Frazer commented that although Zecca's interference can clearly be discerned, "the remaining film is an agreeable example of Méliès's art with a few particularly fine effects."[10] In a 2010 book on fairy-tale films, folklorist Jack Zipes criticized the film for leaning too heavily into melodrama and special effects, leading to some "boring scenes that had little comic relief", but added that the film does have numerous features of interest, including the dramatic treatment of the stepsisters' abuse of Cinderella, the fairies' transformations, and elaborate business involving the glass slipper.[11]

References

  1. ^ Malthête & Mannoni 2008, p. 106.
  2. ^ Essai 1981, p. 353.
  3. ^ Malthête & Mannoni 2008, p. 31.
  4. ^ a b c d Essai 1981, p. 356.
  5. ^ Frazer 1979, p. 218.
  6. ^ a b c d Frazer 1979, p. 219.
  7. ^ Malthête 2016.
  8. ^ Malthête & Mannoni 2008, p. 29.
  9. ^ Malthête & Mannoni 2008, p. 287. Literal English translation: "féerie in two parts and thirty scenes, based on Charles Perrault's masterpiece."
  10. ^ a b Frazer 1979, p. 220.
  11. ^ Zipes 2010, pp. 40–41.

Works cited

  • Essai de reconstitution du catalogue français de la Star-Film; suivi d'une analyse catalographique des films de Georges Méliès recensés en France, Bois d'Arcy: Service des archives du film du Centre national de la cinématographie, 1981, ISBN 2903053073, OCLC 10506429
  • Frazer, John (1979), Artificially Arranged Scenes: The Films of Georges Méliès, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., ISBN 0816183686
  • Malthête, Jacques; Mannoni, Laurent (2008), L'oeuvre de Georges Méliès, Paris: Éditions de La Martinière, ISBN 9782732437323
  • Malthête, Jacques (2016), "Georgette Méliès", in Gaines, Jane; Vatsal, Radha; Dall'Asta, Monica (eds.), Women Film Pioneers Project, Center for Digital Research and Scholarship, Columbia University Libraries
  • Zipes, Jack (2010), The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films, New York: Routledge, ISBN 9781135853952
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