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Pagan kingdom

Coordinates: 21°10′20″N 94°51′37″E / 21.17222°N 94.86028°E / 21.17222; 94.86028
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The kingdom grew in relative isolation until the reign of Anawrahta (1044 - 1077) who successfully unified all of Myanmar by defeating the Mon city of Thaton in 1057, inaugurating the Burmese domination of the country that has continued to the present day. Consolidation was accomplished under his successors Kyanzittha (1084-1112) and Alaungsithu (1112-1167), so that by the mid-12th century, most of continental Southeast Asia was under the control of either the Pagan Kingdom or the Khmer Empire.

The Pagan kingdom went into decline as more land and resources fell into the hands of the powerful sangha (monkhood) and the Mongols threatened from the north. The last true ruler of Pagan, Narathihapate (reigned 1254-1287) felt confident in his ability to resist the Mongols and advanced into Yunnan in 1277 to make war upon them. He was thoroughly crushed at the Battle of Ngasaunggyan, and Pagan resistance virtually collapsed. The king was assassinated by his own son in 1287, precipitating a Mongol invasion in the Battle of Pagan during their wide-ranging conquests. The Mongols successfully captured most of the empire, including its capital, and it never recovered its predominant position. The Pagan dynasty ended in 1289 when the Mongols installed a puppet ruler in Myanmar.

Rulers of Bagan (Pagan)
Name Relationship Reign (A.D.) Notes
Thamudarit 107-152 founder of Bagan[1]
Pyinbya Son of Khelu 846-878 moved capital from Tampawadi (modern Pwasaw) to Bagan
Anawratha Son of Kunsaw Kyaunghpyu 1044-1077 founder of Bagan and the First Burmese Empire[2]
Sawlu Son 1077-1084
Kyanzittha Elected 1084-1112
Alaungsithu Grandson 1113-1165
Narathu Son 1165 Period without kings for 3 years 1165-1168
Narapatisithu Relative of King Anawrahta 1168-1210
Nandaungmya Son 1211-1231 Nandaungmya (one who frequently asked for the throne )
Naratheinhka Son 1231-1235
Kyaswa Brother 1235-1249
Uzana Nephew 1249-1254
Min Yin Son 1254
Narathihapate Brother 1254-1287 Lost the kingdom to the Mongols and known as Tayoke Pyay Min (king who fled from the Chinese) to posterity
Kyawswa Son 1287-1298
Sawhnit Son 1298-1325
Sawmunnit Son 1325-1369

References

  1. ^ Although Anawratha is accounted for the founding of Bagan, Thamudarit is the listed as the "traditional" founder of Bagan in The Glass Palace Chronicle (Hmannan Yazawin)
  2. ^ Idem.

21°10′20″N 94°51′37″E / 21.17222°N 94.86028°E / 21.17222; 94.86028