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"Good News, Bad News" redirects here. For the novel by David Wolstencroft, see Good News, Bad News (novel).
Not to be confused with The Pilot (Seinfeld).
"The Seinfeld Chronicles"

"The Seinfeld Chronicles" (also known as "Good News, Bad News" or "Pilot")[2] is the pilot episode of the American sitcom Seinfeld, which first aired on NBC on July 5, 1989. The first of the 180 Seinfeld episodes, the pilot was written by show creators Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, and directed by Art Wolff. The episode revolves around a fictionalized version of Seinfeld, who is unsure about the romantic intentions of a woman he met, and frets about the meaning of her signals with his friend George (Jason Alexander) and neighbor Kessler (Michael Richards).

Though originally contacted for an 90-minute TV special, Seinfeld and David wrote a TV pilot as they felt their "show about nothing" concept would fit better in a shorter format. The storyline itself, as well as the main characters, were inspired by real-life events and people. Though the NBC executives were unsure about the show, they, as Warren Littlefield would later state, "all said, ah what the hell, let's try a pilot on this thing and see what happens".[3] The test audiences, however, reacted extremely negative. Although NBC would still broadcast the episode to see how audiences and TV critics would react, the network had already decided not to pick up the show, as a result of the test-results.

When "The Seinfeld Chronicles" originally aired, it was watched by nearly 11% of American households, and received generally favorable reviews from critics, who reacted with disappointment that NBC did not order a first season. Convinced that the show had potential, and supported by the positive reviews, NBC executive Rick Ludwin managed to convince his superiors to order a four-episode first season (the smallest order in TV history), by offering a part of his personal budget in return. The show, renamed Seinfeld, would go on to become one of the most successful sitcoms in television history.

Plot

The series opens with Jerry Seinfeld (Jerry Seinfeld) and George Costanza (Jason Alexander) seated at Pete's Luncheonette, debating the placement of one of George's shirt buttons. Jerry tells George about a woman he met in Lansing, Michigan, Laura (Pamela Brull), who is coming to New York, and the two discuss whether or not she has romantic intentions. The next evening, Jerry tells his neighbor Kessler (Michael Richards) that he thinks he misunderstood the situation with Laura. However, he then receives a telephone call from Laura, who asks if she can stay overnight at his apartment. Though Jerry agrees, he is still unsure whether or not her visit is intended to be romantic. George and Jerry continue to debate the issue, with Jerry determined to find the true nature of her visit.

While waiting at the airport for Laura to arrive, Jerry and George try to identify the possible signals Laura might give upon her arrival, with George explaining the meaning of various greetings. However, when Laura arrives, her greeting is ambiguous. Upon arriving at Jerry's apartment Laura removes her shoes and some excess clothing to get comfortable, asks for wine, and turns down the light and asks if she can stay over a second night. As Jerry removes his own shoes and begins to grow confident, the phone rings for Laura. When Laura gets off the phone she tells Jerry: "Never get engaged." Jerry then realizes that he has no chance with Laura, but has already committed himself – and his one-bedroom apartment – to an entire weekend with her, including a five-hour sightseeing boat ride around Manhattan.

Production

Conception and writing

When they had the idea of doing essentially a conversational show, which was an extension of Jerry's act - I mean, Larry and Jerry shared such a great sensibility, and what was wonderful is you had, this kind of curmudgeonly, misanthropic, dyspeptic Larry David, being pushed through this very accessible, likeable Jerry Seinfeld [...] - it was a marriage made in heaven.

Rob Reiner[3]

"The Seinfeld Chronicles" was written as the pilot for the show that would eventually be called Seinfeld, though earlier versions of the script would refer to the program as Stand Up and The Jerry Seinfeld Show.[2][4] The idea for the show started on November 2, 1988, after NBC executives had encountered comedian Jerry Seinfeld to do a project with the network, upon a suggestion by George Shapiro, Seinfeld's manager at the time.[2] Seinfeld encountered fellow comedian Larry David to help him develop it and they wrote a concept for a special about where comedians get their material.[2][3] However, upon further discussion, Seinfeld felt that the concept could not be sustained for 90 minutes, upon which the two decided that the project was to become a pilot for a TV-series, rather than a special.[3] Developed by NBC executive Rick Ludwin, and produced by Castle Rock Entertainment, it was a mix of Seinfeld's stand-up comedy routines and idiosyncratic, conversational scenes focusing on mundane aspects of everyday life.[5]

Larry David co-wrote the episode

Conceived as a "show about nothing," in which the main characters would "just make fun of stuff", Seinfeld said that the idea of the pilot episode was to explore the "gaps in society where there are no rules."[3] The storyline, as well as most of the main characters, were inspired by the personal lives of its creators.[6] Jerry was a fictionalized version of Seinfeld, George a fictionalized version of Larry David and Kessler was based on David's neighbor Kenny Kramer.[2] Though Seinfeld was initially concerned the "wacky neighbor" would be too much of a cliché, David convinced him to put the character in the script.[3] However, anticipating that the actual Kramer would exploit the benefits of having a TV character based on him, David hesitated to call the character Kramer.[3][7] Thus, in the pilot, the character's name was "Kessler".[8] However, intrigued by the name, Seinfeld, was convinced that the character's name should be Kramer, prompting Kenny Kramer to call NBC's legal department with various financial and legal demands, most of which he received.[3] The name inconsistency would eventually be corrected in the season 9 episode "The Betrayal" in which Kramer explains that Kessler is the name on his apartment buzzer.[2][9]

David and Seinfeld re-wrote the script several times before submitting it to the network, dropping and adding various elements. Originally George, who was called Bennett in early drafts, was a comedian as well, and the first scene of the episode focussed on Jerry and George discussing their stand-up material.[2] The character of Kramer, was not included in the first draft of the script, and in another draft he was called "Hoffman".[2] Another element that was added was Kessler's dog, since it was originally planned that Jerry's stand-up routines would match the events of each episode.[6] Though the stand-up routine about dogs was eventually dropped, the scene in which Kessler enters with his dog remained in the episode.[6] When David and Seinfeld eventually submitted the script, the network executives were unsure wether or not to produce the pilot, but as NBC executive Warren Littlefield would later state "we all said, ah what the hell, let's try a pilot on this thing and see what happens".[3]

Directed by Art Wolff,[10] the pilot was filmed in front of a live studio audience on April 27, 1989, at Stage 9 of Desilu Cahuenga studios, the same studio where The Dick Van Dyke Show was filmed, this was seen by the crew as a good omen.[2][6] The exterior of Pete's luncheonette, the restaurant with which the episode opens, was actually a leftover set piece from The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984).[11] Seinfeld's stand-up routine was recorded at Ren-Mar Studios in Hollywood, in front of an audience of paid extras, though not all of the recorded material was included in the broadcast version.[2] Additionally, a scene was recorded featuring Jerry and George driving to the airport talking about changing lanes on the road and giving "Thank you waves", but was cut before broadcasting.[2] The music used in the episode was composed by Jep Epstein, however, when the show was picked up, Epstein's tune was replaced by the trademark slap bass music by Jonathan Wolff.[2]

Casting

File:Jason Alexander Crop.png
Jason Alexander felt he was doing a Woody Allen impression on his audition tape.

"The Seinfeld Chronicles", featured four characters that were intended to be series regulars if the show was to be picked-up for a first season: Jerry, George, Kramer and Claire the waitress.[7] Though it was already settled that Seinfeld would play a fictionalized version of himself, auditions were held for the other three characters.[3][12] Though George was based on Larry David, David was keen on writing, and did not have the desire to portray the character himself.[3] Prior to the casting progress, Seinfeld pleaded with his friend Jake Johannsen to play the part, but he rejected it.[13][14] When the casting progress started, as casting director Marc Hirschfeld stated, the casting crew "saw every actor [they] could possibly see in Los Angeles".[3] Among these actors were Larry Miller, Brad Hall, David Alan Grier, Nathan Lane and Steve Buscemi yet none of them seemed fit for the part.[2][7][15] Jason Alexander auditioned for the part via a video tape, though he had very little hope for being cast, as he felt he was doing a Woody Allen impression.[3][7][16] However, upon watching the tape, David and Seinfeld were immediately convinced Alexander would be the right actor to cast.[3][15] However, traditionally casting sessions work with rounds, so Alexander and a few other actors considered for the role were flown to Los Angeles for a second audition.[3] One of the other actors who made it to this round was Larry Miller.[3] As Alexander knew Miller was a close friend of Seinfeld, he was convinced he would not get the part, but eventually did.[3][17]

Kenny Kramer initially demanded that he would play the part of Kessler, as he served as the inspiration for the character. However, David did not want this and it was decided upon that casting sessions would be held.[3] Among those who auditioned for the part of Kramer were Steve Vinovich, Tony Shalhoub and Larry Hankin.[2] Although he was not cast for the part Hankin would later portray an in-show fictional version of Kramer in the season four episode "The Pilot".[2] Seinfeld and David were both familiar with Michael Richards, as David had worked with him on Fridays and Seinfeld had seen him doing slapstick on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[3] Richards did his final audition at the Century Plaza Hotel on April 18, 1989, reputedly finishing with a handstand.[2][3][18] David was not sure about casting Richards, as he was trying to cast an actor that resembled the original Kramer. However, impressed by Richards' audition, Seinfeld convinced David that Richards would be the right actor for the part.[3]

Lee Garlington was cast as Claire the Waitress, who in an earlier draft of the episode was called "Meg".[2] Though initially cast as a series regular, the character was replaced with Elaine Benes when the series was picked up for a first season.[19] Accounts differ on the reason why the character was replaced. Warren Littlefield has said that it was because the character's occupation: "I thought that as a waitress she'd never be one of the gang. She'd be relegated to pouring coffee, catching up. So I insisted they create a female character they wanted to spent time with".[20] Dennis Bjorklund of Seinfeld Reference has suggested that the character was dropped in favor of a female character with more sex appeal.[10] However, Alexander said that Garlington was written out of the series because she had re-written her scene and given it to David, who was not happy with this.[21][22][23] Seinfeld has, however, stated that this was not the reason the character was removed from the show, but rather that the producers were looking for "someone who was more involved".[13] Julia Louis-Dreyfus, who would go on to replace Garlington, has stated that she was not aware of the pilot before becoming a regular on the show, and she will never watch it out of superstition.[6]

Reception

The pilot was first screened by a group of two dozen NBC executives in Burbank, California in early 1989.[2] Although the pilot did not yield the explosion of laughter garnered by the pilots for the decade's previous NBC successes like The Cosby Show and The Golden Girls, it drew mostly positive responses from the assembled executives.[5] One exception was Brandon Tartikoff, who was concerned that the show was "Too New York, too Jewish".[2][5] Before the episode's TV premiere it was shown to a test audience of 400 households, and met with extremely negative responses.[2][24] Littlefield would later recall "In the history of pilot reports, Seinfeld has got to be one of the worst of all time".[25] The memo that summarized the test audience's reaction, contained feedback such as "No segment of the audience was eager to watch the show again" and "None of the [supporting characters] were particularly liked".[5][26] Despite the low rating the show received from its test audience, the first public broadcast of "The Seinfeld Chronicles" took place on the fifth of July 1989,[3] to see how viewers would react, even though the executives had already decided the show would not be picked-up for a full season.[27] "The Seinfeld Chronicles" finished second in its time slot, behind the CBS police drama Jake and the Fatman,[5] receiving a Nielsen rating of 10.9/19, meaning that the pilot was watched by 10.9% of American households, and that 19% of all televisions in use at the time were tuned into it.[2][9] With these ratings "The Seinfeld Chronicles" finished in the 21st place of the week it was broadcast, tied with Fox's Totally Hidden Video.[28][29]

NBC executive Brandon Tartikoff was concerned the show was "Too New York, too Jewish".

Unlike the test audience, television critics generally reacted positively to the pilot, viewing it as original and innovative,[30][31][32][33] USA Today critic Tom Green summarized the show as a "crisply funny blend of stand-up routines interwoven with more traditional sitcom stuff".[34] Eric Mink of St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote he thought the show was unusual and intruiging, yet "quite funny".[35] Joe Stein of the Evening Tribune commented "Not all standup comedians fit into a sitcom format, but Seinfeld does".[36] A more negative response came from a The Fresno Bee critic, that stated "I liked the concept, but Seinfeld 's jokes were so dull that you hoped the standup stuff would fly by so you could get back to the story".[37] Though the critic praised Alexander's acting he commented that his performance was not enough to keep the show "from being just another piece of summer drivel offered up by a major commercial network".[37]

Various critics compared the pilot to It's Garry Shandling's Show.[30][38][39] In his review of the episode The Philadelphia Inquirer critic Ken Tucker commented "Seinfeld's brisk funniness prevents Chronicles from being a rip-off",[40] while Jerry Krupnick of The Star-Ledger felt that The Seinfeld Chronicles differentiated itself from It's Garry Shandlings Show by its supporting cast, which he praised.[41] By contrast, John Voorhees of The Seattle Times commented that, though he thought the show was amusing, he considered It's Garry Shandlings Show to be better,[42] and the Houston Chronicle's Mike McDaniel referred to the pilot as "a not-as-good Garry Shandling-like show".[43]

Most critics reacted with disappointment to the fact that NBC had not picked up the show. Bob Niedt of the Syracuse Herald-Journal commented "What gives? Comedy this good, and NBC is keeping -- excuse me -- A Different World on the schedule?".[44] Ken Tucker stated "NBC is making a mistake if it doesn't pick up The Seinfeld Chronicles as a midseason replacement; it's bound to be superior to most of what the network has planned for the fall".[40] Additionally casting directors Hirschfeld and Meg Liberman were nominated for a Casting Society of America Artios Award for 'Best Casting for TV, Pilot', but lost to the casting directors of Northern Exposure.[45]

Though the network executives had decided not to pick up The Seinfeld Chronicles for a first season, some of them were reluctant to give up on it, as they felt the series had potential.[3] Rick Ludwin, one of the show's greatest supporters, eventually made a deal with Tartikoff, giving up some of his own development money, cancelling a Bob Hope special, so that the entertainment division could order four more episodes of The Seinfeld Chronicles, which formed the rest of the show's first season.[3][5][46] Although this was a very low order number for a new series (the smallest sitcom order in television history[2]), Castle Rock failed to find any other buyers when it tried to sell the show to other networks, and accepted the order.[3][5] About a year later, the first season would premiere, the show was renamed Seinfeld, to avoid confusion with ABC's The Marshall Chronicles.[47][48] To lead in the first official season of Seinfeld, the pilot episode was repeated on June 28, 1990, it received a Nielsen rating of 13.9/26.[2]

References

  1. ^ Miller, Ron (May 10, 1998). "Seinoff Jerry, George, Elaine and Kramer Finally Call it Quits, Having Mastered the Domain of Television Sitcoms How we met this Bunch of Self-Obsessed, Weird Whiners". San Jose Mercury News. p. 1G.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Seinfeld Seasons 1 & 2: Notes about Nothing - "The Seinfeld Chronicles" (DVD). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. November 23, 2004.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Seinfeld: "How it Began" (DVD). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. November 23, 2004. {{cite AV media}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  4. ^ Bjorklund, Dennis (September 9, 2013). Seinfeld Secrets: An Insider Scoop About the Show. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9781492386186.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Battaglio, Stephen (June 27, 2014). "On Seinfeld's 25th anniversary an exclusive look at the memo that almost killed the show". TV Guide. pp. 18–19.
  6. ^ a b c d e Glenn Padnick, Rick Ludwin, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Michael Richards, Rob Reiner, Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David (November 23, 2004). Seinfeld Seasons 1 & 2: Inside Looks - "The Seinfeld Chronicles" (DVD). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.
  7. ^ a b c d Sepinwall, Alan (November 22, 2004). "'Seinfeld' boxed sets: Much ado about 'nothing'". The Star-Ledger. p. 29.
  8. ^ Bark, Ed (November 21, 2004). "The 'Seinfeld' laugh tracks - Early-years DVDs of the show about nothing are something else". The Dallas Morning News. p. 1G.
  9. ^ a b Erickson, Dave (September 20, 2011). "The Seinfeld Chronicles". Entertainment Examiner.
  10. ^ a b Bjorklund, Dennis (2012). Seinfeld Reference: The Complete Encyclopedia with Biographies, Character Profiles & Episode Summaries. Praetorian Publishing. ISBN 9780967985244.
  11. ^ Bjorklund, 2013, p. 7
  12. ^ Dancis, Bruce (November 27, 2004). "'Seinfeld' DVDs show its comedic genius came early". Jackson Citizen Patriot. p. D4.
  13. ^ a b "How Did Jerry Seinfeld Go About Casting Seinfeld". Access Hollywood. 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  14. ^ Gorrell, Brandon (2014). "22 Little-Known Facts About 'Seinfeld'". We'll Always Have the 90s. Thought Catalog. ISBN 9780385533751.
  15. ^ a b Vancheri, Barbara (November 23, 2004). "Jerry's Gang is Back - First Three Seasons of 'Seinfeld' Arrive on DVD". Pittsburg-Post Gazette. p. B1.
  16. ^ Tucker, Reed (May 20, 2012). "Ross, Rachel & The Rock Inside NBC's Golden Age of Comedy". New York Post. p. 42.
  17. ^ Koltnow, Barry (September 29, 1992). "Jason Alexander - A TV loser becomes a winning underdog". The Orange County Register. p. F4.
  18. ^ Rosenthal, Phil (November 18, 2004). "Gold, Jerry! Gold! // Out just in time for your Festivus gift-giving, 4-disc sets let you follow along as the show about nothing starts to amount to something". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 52.
  19. ^ Harnick, Chris (February 4, 2013). "Lee Garlington Reflects On Lost 'Seinfeld' Role, Lengthy Hollywood Career For 'Isn't That ... ?'". The Huffington Post.
  20. ^ Littlefield, Warren (2012). Top of the Rock: Inside the Rise and Fall of Must See TV. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780385533751.
  21. ^ Alexander, Jason (October 31, 2010). "KPCS: Jason Alexander" (Interview). Interviewed by Kevin Pollack. Retrieved 29 July 2014. {{cite interview}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |callsign= and |city= (help); Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |subjectlink= ignored (|subject-link= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ Vancheri, Barbara (November 23, 2006). "TV on DVD". Pittsburg-Post Gazette. p. W36.
  23. ^ "Jason Alexander's 'Strange' First Day on Seinfeld". Access Hollywood. 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  24. ^ Lowry, Brian (March 8, 1998). "TV Prospectors Miss Some Gems". The Orlando Sentinel. p. F2.
  25. ^ Philips, Casey (July 3, 2014). "Quarter-Century of Nothing - Twenty-five years later, fans say 'Seinfeld' is still master of the sitcom domain". Chattanooga Times Free Press. p. 29.
  26. ^ Williams, Scott (November 25, 1997). "Jerry Gets the Last Laugh After a Series of Setbacks and a Series Setback, Seinfeld Becomes a TV Star". New York Daily News. p. F2.
  27. ^ Davies, Don (July 5, 1989). "White House Series Begins Third 'Term'". Wisconsin State Journal. p. 7D.
  28. ^ Buck, Jerry (July 13, 1989). "Hidden Video Bolsters Fox". The Deseret News. p. C8.
  29. ^ "NBC No. 1, "Roseanne' Out of Top 10". The San Francisco Chronicle. July 12, 1989. p. E6.
  30. ^ a b Richmond, Ray (July 5, 1989). "Seinfeld special brightens up boring summer fare". The Orange County Register. p. L10.
  31. ^ Laurence, Robert P. (October 9, 1989). "Cue the sirens ambiguity about what's real on '911' is alarming". The San Diego Union. p. C9.
  32. ^ Baker, Kathryn (July 5, 1989). "Special Offers Unusual Blend of Comedy". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. E3.
  33. ^ Gordon, Jim (July 4, 1989). "Viewers Only Get 1 Shot at Seinfeld". Post-Tribune. p. A8.
  34. ^ Green, Tom (July 3, 1989). "Comic Seinfeld stands up for his personal 'Chronicles'". USA Today. p. 3D.
  35. ^ Mink, Eric (July 3, 1989). "Readers Breathe Fire Over Critic's Column". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 7D.
  36. ^ Stein, Joe (July 3, 1989). "Vidiot's Delight". Evening Tribune. p. D10.
  37. ^ a b "Networks Should Wise Up to Fact TV is a Year-Round Deal". The Fresno Bee. July 4, 1989. p. F6.
  38. ^ Niedt, Bob (July 3, 1989). "TV Turns All Red, White and Blue". Syracuse Herald-Journal. p. 3.
  39. ^ Rosenthal, Phil (July 5, 1989). "Seinfeld 'Chronicles' A Life in the Day of a Comedian". Daily News of Los Angeles. p. L19.
  40. ^ a b Tucker, Ken (July 5, 1989). "White House Showcase, Jerry Seinfeld Sitcom". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. E1.
  41. ^ Krupnick, Jerry (July 4, 1989). "Free Lunch Time is Over as Pay-per-view Slowly Turns cable into Dialing for". The Star-Ledger.
  42. ^ Voorhees, John (July 5, 1989). "Erratic 'Alive From Off Center' Goes from Boring to Brilliant". The Seattle Times. p. C4.
  43. ^ McDaniel, Mike (July 5, 1989). "Tonight on TV". Houston Chronicle. p. 3.
  44. ^ Niedt, Bob (July 5, 1989). "'Seinfeld': NBC Should Get Series". Syracuse Herald-Journal. p. C7.
  45. ^ "Casting Society of America, USA: Awards for 1991". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  46. ^ Rosenthal, Phil (August 21, 2005). "NBC executive stands apart by taking stands". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
  47. ^ Mullen, Rodger (February 6, 2011). "How much do you know about Seinfeld?". The Fayetteville Observer.
  48. ^ Brioux, Bill (January 6, 2009). "Would Wild Roses, by any other name, smell like a hit?; The CBC series that was almost titled Cowgirls is a 'modern Canadian Dallas' set in Calgary". The Toronto Star. p. L01.
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