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Canadian diaspora

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Map of the Canadian diaspora in the world (might include people with Canadian citizenship and children of Canadians).
  Canada
  + 100,000
  + 10,000
  + 1,000

The Canadian diaspora is the group of Canadians living outside the borders of Canada. As of a 2010 report by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and The Canadian Expat Association, there were 2.8 million Canadian citizens abroad (plus an unknown number of former citizens and descendants of citizens). For comparison, that is a larger population than six of the ten Canadian provinces. More than 9% of all Canadian citizens live outside of Canada. That compares to 1.7% of Americans, 2.6% of Chinese citizens, 3.3% of French citizens, 4.3% of Australians, 9% of British citizens, and 21.9% of New Zealanders.[1]

In past decades, most Canadians leaving the country have moved to the United States. In the 1980s, Los Angeles had the fourth largest Canadian population of any city in North America, with New York close behind. Other countries and cities have emerged as major sites of Canadian settlement, notably Hong Kong, London, Beirut, Sydney, Paris, and Dubai. The population in New York experienced continued growth in the 2000s, doubling between 2000 and 2008 to 21,000, representing the eighth largest foreign-born group in the Borough of Manhattan.[2]

A 2008 report by the Urban Institute estimated that "65,000 and 75,000 undocumented Canadians currently live in the United States."[2]

The largest Canadian populations abroad by country are:[3]

Country or Territory Canadian citizens Source
United States 1,062,640 Coulombe and DeVoretz, 2009
Hong Kong 300,000 Zhang and DeGolyer, 2011
France 90,000 foreign-born Canadians in France according to 2018 estimates
United Kingdom 87,000 foreign-born groups in the UK according to 2015 ONS estimates
Lebanon 45,000 DFAIT
United Arab Emirates 40,000 Montreal Gazette, 2007[4]
Pakistan 30,000-50,000 Canadian High Commissioner, 2019[5]
Australia 27,289 Dumont and Lemaitre, 2005
Germany 25,000 Destatis Bundesamt Germany 2021
China 19,990 Chinese Census 2010
South Korea 14,210 OECD, International Migration Database, 2008
Mexico 12,439 Canadian-born immigrants, 2020 Mexican Census[6]
Japan 11,016 OECD, International Migration Database, 2008
Egypt 10,000 DFAIT
New Zealand 7,770 Dumont and Lemaitre, 2005
Philippines 7,500 DFAIT
Qatar 7,250 bq magazine, 2014 [7]
Haiti 6,000 DFAIT
Switzerland 5,243 OECD, International Migration Database, 2008
Singapore 5,140 Foreign Ministry of Singapore
Thailand 5,000 DFAIT
Trinidad & Tobago 5,000 Parasram, 2009
Belgium 4,145 Dumont and Lemaitre, 2005
Finland 2,106 2019 UN migrant stock
Iceland 35 Alþingi Foreign Census 2017

Citizens born in Canada make up about 58% of the diaspora, the other 42% being people born outside Canada who became naturalized as Canadian citizens and then moved out again, often back to their country of origin, or sometimes to a third country. Native-born Canadians had an exit rate of about 1.33% over ten years from 1996 to 2006, compared to 4.5% for naturalized Canadians. Most Canadians in the United States are native-born, while most Canadians in Hong Kong are naturalized Canadians who were born in Hong Kong.[1]

For native-born Canadians, the United States is the primary destination, and the emigration rate varies substantially by ethnicity. It is especially high among Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and South Asian Canadians, indicating that the English-speaking and well-educated children of immigrants are often highly mobile. French Canadians have the highest rate of return to Canada at 29%. Among naturalized Canadians, exit rates vary by country of origin, being highest among Canadians from typically highly developed countries (Hong Kong, United States, Taiwan, France). Exit rates among Canada's two largest immigrant populations, Mainland Chinese and Indians, were very low during 1996 to 2006 but have risen.

British Columbians are particularly likely to go overseas, more than twice as likely as an Ontarian, and five times more likely as a Quebecer, according to a 2007 survey by The Vancouver Sun. Many of these are Hong Kong returnees; the so-called "astronauts" or "yacht people" who moved to Vancouver from Hong Kong in the 1980s and 90s, but later returned. However, two-thirds of Canadians overseas (in 2007) were Canadian-born, outnumbering returning immigrants.[8]

References

  • Canadians Abroad: Canada's Global Asset (PDF), Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, June 27, 2011, retrieved July 26, 2011
  • Wesh, Jenifer (2011), "Our Overlooked Diaspora", Literary Review of Canada
  • The Canadian Expat, The Canadian Expat, June 5, 2019, retrieved June 5, 2019
  1. ^ a b Canadians Abroad, p 4
  2. ^ a b "Canadians Among Us!". The New York Observer. July 31, 2008.
  3. ^ Canadians Abroad, p 12.
  4. ^ "Canada may limit services for dual citizens". gulfnews.com.
  5. ^ Hasan, Shazia (2019-08-20). "HC highlights growing ties between Canada, Pakistan". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  6. ^ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020". INEGI (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Population of Qatar". Archived from the original on 2013-12-22. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  8. ^ "The Canadian Diaspora". Archived from the original on 2015-11-08. Retrieved 2012-01-20.
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