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'{{Superherobox <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics--> | image = [[Image:capa038.jpg|200px]] | caption = Promotional art for ''Captain America'' vol. 5, #38 (July 2008) by [[Steve Epting]] | comic_color = background:#ff8080 | character_name = Red Skull | real_name = '''Johann Schmidt'''<br>'''George John Maxon'''<br>'''Albert Malik'''<br>'''[[Synthia Schmidt]]''' | publisher = [[Marvel Comics]] | debut='''(Johann Schmidt)''' ''Captain America Comics'' #7 (Oct 1941)<br />'''(George Maxon)''' ''Captain America Comics'' #1 (Mar 1941)<br />'''(Albert Malik)''' (Golden Age) ''Captain America Comics'' #61 (March 1947) | creators = [[Joe Simon]] <br />[[Jack Kirby]] | alliance_color = background:#c0c0ff |partners = [[Sin (Marvel Comics)|Sin]] | alliances = '''(Schmidt's)''' Kronas Corporation <br />[[Exiles (Red Skull allies)|Exiles]] <br />[[Nazi Germany]] <br />[[HYDRA]] <br />[[Advanced Idea Mechanics|AIM]] <br />[[ULTIMATUM (comics)|ULTIMATUM]] <br />[[Skeleton Crew (comics)|Skeleton Crew]] | aliases='''(Schmidt's)''' Der Rote Schädel (German name), Dell Rusk, Bettman P. Lyles, the Agent of a Thousand Faces (whom he impersonated in Europe during World War II), The Man (head of the People's Militia), Cyrus Fenton, Teacher, Tod March (president and owner of Galactic Pictures), John Smith, Aleksander Lukin <br /> '''(Malik's)''' Senator Joseph McRooter | powers='''(Schmidt's)''' Cloned body of [[Captain America]] (including the Super-Soldier formula); skilled hand-to-hand combatant, strategic genius, political mastermind, expert marksman <br />'''(Maxon's)''' Skilled saboteur, hand-to-hand combatant, marksman <br />'''(Malik's)''' Strategic master, political master <br />'''(Earth Cosmic Red Skull/Johan Schmidt)''' Genius level Intellect, Expert Combatant, Regenerative Healing }} The '''Red Skull''' is a name shared by several [[Character (arts)|fictional characters]], all [[supervillain]]s from the [[Marvel Comics]] [[Marvel Comics Universe|universe]]. All incarnations of the character are enemies of [[Captain America]], other [[superhero]]es, and the [[United States]] in general. The first two Red Skulls are [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] agents and the third is a [[Communism|Communist]]. The Red Skull was first introduced in ''Captain America Comics'' #1 in 1941. The first Red Skull ('''George Maxon''') to appear in comics was an American industrialist turned Nazi saboteur. Maxon turned out to be an agent of the true Red Skull ('''Johann Schmidt'''), considered (according to [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]]) as one of the greatest threats to humanity,<ref name="Venomous">{{Cite comic | writer = [[Mark Millar|Millar, Mark]] | penciller = [[Terry Dodson|Dodson, Terry]] | inker = [[Rachel Dodson|Dodson, Rachel]] | story = Venomous | title = Marvel Knights Spider-Man | issue = 7 |date = December 2004| publisher = [[Marvel Comics]]}}</ref> and a long-time [[archenemy]] of Captain America. The third Red Skull ('''Albert Malik''') is best known for causing the deaths of [[Richard and Mary Parker|the parents]] of Peter Parker, and thus orphaning the boy who would become [[Spider-Man]]. The Red Skull was ranked number 21 on Wizard Magazine's Top 100 Greatest Villains Ever list and was also ranked as [[IGN]]'s 14th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://comics.ign.com/top-100-villains/14.html | title = Red Skull is number 14 | work = [[IGN]] | publisher = [[News Corporation]] }}</ref> ==Publication history== {{Expand section|date=April 2010}} The Red Skull was introduced in [[Timely Comics]]' ''Captain America Comics'' #1 ([[cover-date]]d March 1941), written and drawn by the team of [[Joe Simon]] and [[Jack Kirby]]. The character was subsequently revived in the [[Silver Age of Comic Books]] first in ''[[Tales of Suspense]]'' #65 in the short-lived Captain America World War II period story run, and then established as a contemporary villain in #79. For decades, the character's true face was hidden, but in ''Captain America'' vol. 1 #297 the Red Skull unmasked in front of the superhero with his face, albeit extremely aged, fully revealed. In the next issue, the Red Skull retells his story with his face fully visible in his various ages. When the character was revealed to be alive in issue #350, in a story called "Resurrection," by [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]], the face of Johann Schmidt's original body is hidden again, but the Skull's face is fully visible, albeit in his cloned copy of Captain America's body. In 2011, the character's origin is being more fully illustrated in the limited series, ''Red Skull: Incarnate'', with Schmidt's face fully visible again. ==Fictional character biography== {{plot|date = July 2011}} The Red Skull, Johann Schmidt (sometimes spelled Shmidt), was a former Nazi general officer and confidant of [[Adolf Hitler]]. He has been closely affiliated with [[HYDRA]] and is an enemy of [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]], the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]], and the interests of the [[United States]] and the free world in general. He was physically augmented by having his mind placed into the body of a [[cloning|clone]] of Captain America, the pinnacle of human perfection. He has been seemingly killed in the past, only to return time and time again to plague the world with schemes of world domination and [[genocide]]. ===World War II era=== ====George Maxon==== Chronologically by publication date, the first Red Skull to appear in the 1940s comics was '''George John Maxon''', an American businessman and [[Nazism|Nazi]] agent who led a ring of spies and saboteurs. He faced Captain America during two of the latter's first missions.<ref name="rdskll">[http://www.marvel.com/universe/Red_Skull_%28Johann_Shmidt%29 Johann Shmidt] Red Skull bio by Marvel Universe</ref> A formidable opponent in his own right, Maxon was thought killed during the last encounter, though he would reappear for one last encounter with Captain America in the Silver Age. Maxon was later revealed to be the agent of Johann Schmidt, the true Red Skull. ====Johann Schmidt, the true Red Skull==== Johann Schmidt was born in a village in Germany to Hermann and Martha Schmidt. Schmidt's mother died in childbirth and his father blamed Johann for it and tried to murder him, only to be stopped by the attending doctor. The father later committed suicide and Johann was orphaned. He grew up on the streets as a beggar and a thief struggling to survive and his hatred of humanity grew with each day. A key episode was when he fell for a local [[Jew]]ish girl, but when she spurned his clumsy advances, he murdered her, finding a release for his frustrations. With that, his depravity grew even more.<ref name="Captain America #298">''Captain America'' #298</ref> Schmidt worked as a menial laborer and in his late teens, during the rise of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]], Schmidt got his most prosperous job; a bellhop in a major hotel. While there, he served the rooms of [[Adolf Hitler]] himself. By chance, Schmidt was present when the Führer was furiously scolding an officer, during which Hitler pledged that he could create a better National Socialist out of the bellhop. Looking closely at the youth and sensing his dark inner nature, Hitler decided to take up the challenge and recruited Schmidt.<ref name="Captain America #298"/> Dissatisfied with the standard drill instruction his subordinates used to train Schmidt, Hitler took over personally, and trained Schmidt as his right-hand man. Upon completion, Hitler gave Schmidt a unique uniform with a grotesque red [[human skull|skull]] mask, and he emerged as the Red Skull (in literal German: '''"Roter Totenkopf"''' or '''"Roter (Toten-)Schädel"''') for the first time. His role was the embodiment of Nazi intimidation, while Hitler could remain the popular leader of Germany. To that end, The Red Skull was appointed head of Nazi [[terrorism|terrorist]] activities with an additional large role in external [[espionage]] and [[sabotage]]. He succeeded, wreaking havoc throughout Europe in the early stages of [[World War II]]. The [[propaganda]] effect was so great that the United States government decided to counter it by creating their own equivalent using the one recipient of the lost Project Rebirth, Steve Rogers, as [[Captain America]].<ref name="Captain America #298"/> The two counterparts soon clashed for the first time.<ref>''Adventures of Captain America'' #1-4</ref> The Skull later temporarily brainwashed three of the [[Invaders (comics)|Invaders]] into serving him.<ref>''Invaders'' #5-6</ref> The Red Skull and Captain America continued to engage in a series of skirmishes throughout the war,<ref>''Tales of Suspense'' #66-68</ref> ending with a final battle that left the Skull buried under the rubble of a bombed building.<ref>''Tales of Suspense'' #72</ref> Exposed to an experimental gas as the building collapsed, he remained there in [[suspended animation]] for decades along with a couple of henchmen.<ref>''Tales of Suspense'' #79</ref> ===Post-World War II era=== ====Albert Malik==== With Schmidt's disappearance after 1945, the reputation of the Skull was still formidable enough to prove useful. In 1953, a Communist agent named '''Albert Malik''' set up his spy/criminal organization in [[Algeria]] and assumed the identity of the Red Skull, pretending that he was the original, when he was actually serving Soviet interests. During the 1950s, he faced the [[Grand Director|then active version]] of Captain America who was also using the identity of Steve Rogers, pretending to be the original. The two impersonators continued to battle each other throughout the decade. While the Captain and [[Bucky#1950s Bucky|Bucky (Jack Monroe)]] were placed into suspended animation when his flawed replicate of the Super-Soldier formula seriously affected his and Bucky's minds, Malik continued his activities, and over time cut his links to the Soviet Union. Among other notorious deeds, he was responsible for the deaths of Richard Parker and Mary Fitzpatrick-Parker, the parents of Peter Parker (a.k.a. [[Spider-Man]]), tipped off by the super-criminal Gustav "The Gentleman" Fiers. Malik was eventually shot and killed by the mysterious [[Scourge of the Underworld]] at the original Red Skull's orders. Johann Schmidt's legacy continued to cause trouble in the years of his absence. This primarily came in the form of powerful destructive robots called [[Sleeper (Marvel Comics)|Sleepers]] which were intended to activate at preset times by his agents to devastate the Earth in the event of Nazi Germany's defeat. Captain America was able to neutralize all the machines in turn. ===Modern era=== [[Image:Skullcosmic.png|left|thumb|The Red Skull wielding the [[Cosmic Cube]]: ''Tales of Suspense'' #80 (Aug. 1966). Cover art by [[Jack Kirby]] and [[Don Heck]].]] Johann was eventually rescued and revived from suspended animation in modern times by the terrorist organization, [[Advanced Idea Mechanics|AIM]]. The Skull quickly subverted a cell to his own ambitions of world conquest and the death of Captain America. He stole the [[Cosmic Cube]] after taking control of its Keeper's mind, and revealed that he gave [[Baron Zemo|Zemo]] the order to steal the bomb plane that led to Bucky's death. Schmidt fought Captain America again for the first time in years, but was defeated and fell off a cliff while trying to get the Cosmic Cube.<ref>''Tales of Suspense'' #79-81</ref> When Johann reappeared, he and Albert, though his age was starting to catch up with him, started to antagonize each other while both claiming the identity of the Red Skull.{{Issue|date=April 2009}} Finally Albert was the victim of an assassination organized by Johann, at the hands of a rogue agent of the [[Scourge of the Underworld]].<ref>''Captain America'' #347</ref> Thus the two enemies resumed their war, with Captain America, among other opponents, frustrating the Skull's schemes. The Skull captured part of Manhattan Island,<ref>''Tales of Suspense'' #88-91</ref> unleashed the fourth Sleeper, and captured Captain America on [[Exiles (Red Skull allies)|Exile Island]].<ref>''Captain America'' #101-104</ref> The Skull then regained the reality-altering [[Cosmic Cube]] and temporarily switched bodies with Captain America. He also used the Cube to alter the personality of "Snap" Wilson, the future [[Falcon (comics)|Falcon]].<ref>''Captain America'' #114-119</ref> Some time later, he first fought [[Doctor Doom]].<ref>''Astonishing Tales'' #4-5</ref> The Red Skull then fomented racial hatred in New York,<ref>''Captain America'' #143</ref> and was revealed as the true power behind the Las Vegas HYDRA faction, and first clashed with the [[Kingpin (comics)|Kingpin]].<ref>''Captain America'' #148</ref> Some time later, the Skull killed the would-be Captain America, Roscoe, while Rogers had temporarily given up the role. He also revived the use of his "dust of death."<ref>''Captain America'' #182, 184-186</ref> The Skull later fought Doctor Doom on the moon but was defeated.<ref>''Super-Villain Team-Up'' #10-12</ref> With [[Arnim Zola]], the Skull sought to transplant Hitler's brain into Captain America's body.<ref>''Captain America'' #210-212</ref> He transformed a number of [[S.H.I.E.L.D.]] agents into his skull-faced slaves.<ref>''Captain America'' #226-227</ref> The Skull teamed with the [[Hate-Monger]], a clone of Hitler, and trapped him in a flawed Cosmic Cube.<ref>''Super-Villain Team-Up'' #16-17</ref> The Skull led the Nihilist Order for a brief time.<ref>''Captain America'' #261-263</ref> Establishing a Nazi colony on a deserted island, the Skull fathered a daughter who would eventually become known as [[Sin (Marvel Comics)|Mother Superior]].<ref>''Captain America'' #290</ref> The war between Captain America and Red Skull in the modern era reached a breaking point when Red Skull one day discovered that the gas that had placed him in suspended animation was now wearing off and that his body was rapidly aging to what would be Skull's normal age. Now physically in his mid-80s, a weak and feeble Red Skull planned for a final showdown with his arch-rival. Kidnapping Captain America's closest allies, he forced Captain America to surrender himself to Skull and forcibly undergo a medical treatment that aged Captain America's body to its rightful age. The two men, their bodies now ancient, fought one last battle to the death. Yet at the last minute, Captain America refused to kill the Red Skull and Skull himself died cursing Captain America, as his elderly body shut down.<ref>''Captain America'' #293-300</ref> Dead at last, it seemed like the threat of the Red Skull had finally ended while The Avengers were able to restore Rogers' youth. ===Resurrection=== The Red Skull would not stay dead for long; Nazi geneticist [[Arnim Zola]], who had obtained DNA samples of Captain America years earlier, arranged for Skull's mind to be transplanted into a clone body of Captain America at the moment of his death. Assuming the identity of "'''John Smith'''" (the English equivalent of his natural German name), Skull decided that he would reinvent himself and his quest for absolute power as a means to celebrate his cheating death. The Red Skull abandoned his longstanding beliefs in National Socialism and Hitler, on the belief that the Nazi philosophy made him look like a relic of the past. Skull instead turned towards American ideology for his new motivation. Skull saw much potential in the American dream of capitalism and self-determination and set about establishing his own foothold inside Washington DC, culminating in him gaining control over "The [[Commission on Superhuman Activities|Commission]]", a government body in Washington that monitored and regulated superhero activities. Skull also changed his mode of operations: rather than "living from one grand scheme to the next", he began financing a score of evil organizations that reported directly to him, most notably the militia group the [[Watchdogs]]. He also employed one of the [[Scourge of the Underworld|Scourges]], an organization who terrorized supervillains with a killing spree. Despite all of this, Skull's biggest move would be his plot to remove Rogers from the position of Captain America and replace him with a [[Jingoism|jingoist]] named [[U.S. Agent|John Walker]]. Although Walker initially attempted to live up to his predecessor's ideals, The Skull arranged for the murders of Walker's parents, driving him insane and into a downward spiral of murder as part of his plan to blacken the name of Captain America.<ref>''Captain America'' #346-348</ref> Yet like all things, Skull's plans fell apart when Skull's chief pawn in the Commission was killed by Skull, right in front of Captain America. About to be exposed, Skull tried to manipulate Walker into killing Rogers. When Rogers defeated Walker, the Skull appeared to gloat at what he had done to Rogers and Walker and the reputation of Captain America. The Skull explained that this is part of his new operational method of engaging in multiple concurrent projects instead of investing consecutive grand schemes that his enemies could focus all their energies on stopping. Furthermore, these projects include killing Rogers at a time of his own choosing and that he could not touch Skull due to his status as a wealthy American businessman. Rogers, disturbed and puzzled by this mystery man with a face identical to his own and claiming to be his dead archenemy, noted that the Skull was not inhaling from the cigarette holder he had in his mouth. The cigarette turned out to be holding a lethal dose of the Skull's favorite poison, the Dust of Death, intended for Rogers - but the trap backfired against Schmidt when Walker suddenly hit him from behind with his shield. As a result, Schmidt suffered the facial disfigurement attributed to the Dust, as his face took on the appearance of a living red skull; his head is hairless and its skin has shriveled, clinging tightly to his actual skull, and has taken on a red discoloration. Skull did not die though, due to the effects of the Super-Soldier formula.<ref>''Captain America'' #350</ref> After this, the Skull masterminded a conflict between the United States and [[Symkaria]], the nation of [[Silver Sable]]<ref>''Amazing Spider-Man'' #325</ref> He joined the "[[Acts of Vengeance]]" conspiracy, but was attacked by the mutant terrorist [[Magneto (comics)|Magneto]], a [[the Holocaust|Holocaust]] survivor who wanted to punish him for his involvement in Hitler's regime. Magneto buried him alive with enough water for a few months. The Skull remained imprisoned, close to death and beginning to see the error of his ways, until he was rescued by his henchman [[Crossbones (comics)|Crossbones]].<ref>''Captain America'' #364-367, 369-370</ref> The Red Skull's relationship with other villains was fraught with problems due to many villains shunning him because of his Nazi background. In the "Streets of Poison" storyline, the Skull proposes an alliance with the [[Kingpin (comics)|Kingpin]] to bring a new designer drug to New York but the Kingpin refuses to ally with the Nazi and the two engage in a drug war. He then defeats a weakened Skull in hand to hand combat, sparing his life on the condition he never come near the Kingpin's territory again.<ref>''Captain America'' #376-378</ref> In the "[[Acts of Vengeance]]" crossover, the Skull demands the [[Wizard (Marvel Comics)|Wizard]] apologize for an insult to which the Wizard replies "You'll see yourself welcomed into Heaven before I speak those words!"{{Issue|date=April 2009}} Not long after that, he was kidnapped by Magneto. One prominent exception is fellow Nazi, Baron [[Baron Strucker|Wolfgang von Strucker]], leader of the terrorist organization HYDRA. After the Skull's agents allow Strucker to be reborn, a grateful Strucker allows the Skull the use of HYDRA resources.<ref>''Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.'' #26</ref> ===On the run=== Skull's tenure in Washington came to an end when Skull was captured by [[Hauptmann Deutschland]], and taken to Germany to stand trial for crimes against humanity, stemming from his days as an agent of the Third Reich. Skull narrowly escaped and was rescued by Armin Zola, and was forced to fake his death in order go back into hiding in a compound in the Rocky Mountains. He recruited the female sociopath "[[Viper (Madame Hydra)|The Viper]]", a move that alienated his minions and was further rocked when his chief henchman Crossbones kidnapped Captain America's girlfriend [[Diamondback (comics)|Diamondback]], resulting in Captain America finding Skull's new lair. Skull fired Crossbones, and went into hiding while the Viper, using funds she plied from Red Skull as part of a scheme to use televisions across America to blind TV viewers, was defeated by Captain America.<ref>''Captain America'' #387-391, 393-398</ref> Skull resurfaced during "Operation: AIM Island", where Skull discovered that he was facing the same permanent paralysis that Captain America was facing due to their exposure to the Super-Soldier formula.<ref>''Avengers'' vol.3 #68</ref> When the evil scientist [[Superia]] offered Captain America a cure, Captain America refused it on account of Superia proclaiming that Captain America would "owe her". Skull took the cure and apparently killed Superia, then arranged for Captain America to be kidnapped by his remaining forces and given a blood transfusion that cured him.<ref>''Captain America'' #445</ref> ===Reluctant allies=== Captain America's recovery would segue into a reluctant team-up between him and Skull; a Nazi cult that worshiped Adolf Hitler as a god had discovered a Cosmic Cube that contained Hitler's mind, put there in the cube by Skull himself. The two sought to stop the cult from fully powering the Hitler Cosmic Cube but Skull opted instead to send Captain America (against his will) into the cube to kill Hitler and allow him to imprison Captain America in the cube while he used its power to conquer humanity. Captain America escaped and in the process used his shield to sever one of Skull's arms, causing him to drop the cube. The Cube then became unstable, destroying Skull.<ref>''Captain America'' v1 #445-448</ref> ===Cosmic resurrection=== Yet as most evil never dies, the same was true for that of Skull. Trapped in a hellish nightmare dimension and forced to serve as a bellhop to a world of immigrants, Skull's evil ultimately was so great that he was able to escape his prison. As a result, Skull now possessed limited reality warping powers that made him a truly cosmic threat. He was further aided by [[Korvac]], who was posing as [[Kang the Conqueror]]. He was sent to [[Galactus]]' ship to steal more power from it (in particular the power of omniscience), which would remove all limits to Skull's reality warping powers. This led to Skull's undoing as Skull was ambushed by Korvac. Korvac stole Skull's cosmic powers for his own and banished Skull back to Earth.<ref>''Captain America'' v3 #13-19</ref> The Red Skull later manipulated his way into the position of Secretary of Defense as Dell Rusk (an [[anagram]] for "red skull") to develop a biological weapon he tested at Mount Rushmore.<ref>''The Avengers'' volume 3, issue 65 (May, 2003)</ref> He was exposed and defeated by the Avengers. The [[Black Panther (comics)|Black Panther]] beat him so badly that he broke the Skull's jaw in half.<ref>''The Avengers'' volume 3, issue 70 (October, 2003)</ref> ===Aleksander Lukin and the Winter Soldier=== [[Image:Wsoldier11.jpg|thumb|125px|The Red Skull, in Alexander Lukin's mind. Art by Steve Epting.]] The Red Skull was assassinated by the mysterious [[Bucky#Winter Soldier|Winter Soldier]], under orders from the renegade former Soviet general [[Aleksander Lukin]], who wanted to possess the new Cosmic Cube the Skull had manufactured.<ref>''Captain America'' vol. 5 #01</ref> When the Skull was shot, he attempted to use the Cube to switch bodies with Lukin to survive, but as the Cube was still weak he only managed to transfer his mind into Lukin's body, so that the two enemies are trapped together, waging a constant war for dominance which the Red Skull seems to be progressively winning. During a plot to lure out Captain America, Red Skull/Lukin recruited several German skinheads and made them the successors to the [[Master Man (Marvel Comics)|Master Man]]. He then had these soldiers, dubbed the "Master Race," launch an attack on London, which was thwarted by Captain America, [[Spitfire (comics)|Spitfire]], and [[Union Jack (comics)|Union Jack]]. Then, Red Skull/Lukin activated a Sleeper, a robot programmed for mass destruction, that was presumably created by Doctor Doom. The robot damaged a significant portion of the new London Kronas HQ, and was ultimately destroyed by Captain America and Bucky. In the aftermath, Red Skull sent a videotape, announcing to the world his return, followed by Lukin holding a press conference condemning the actions of both the Red Skull and Captain America, and supporting the [[Superhuman Registration Act|Superhero Registration Act]]. Then, in his office, Red Skull introduced Lukin to his old/new associates, [[Crossbones (comics)|Crossbones]] and [[Sin (Marvel Comics)|Sin]].{{Issue|date=April 2009}} With America's superheroes [[Civil War (comics)|divided over the act]], the Skull manipulates events to his own ends, with the aid of [[Doctor Faustus (comics)|Doctor Faustus]], [[Doctor Doom]], and [[Arnim Zola]]. His plans involved the reunion of Captain America and his former lover [[Sharon Carter]], who is being manipulated by Faustus.{{Issue|date=April 2009}} In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, the Skull puts his plans into action, arranging for Crossbones to shoot Captain America as he enters a courthouse in New York City; in the ensuing chaos, Carter, acting under Faustus' mental directive, assassinates Captain America. This is only the first phase of the Skull's evil plan. Upon the discovery of his identity as Lukin, the Skull fakes his death, and initiates the second part of his plan: using Kronas Corporation's vast holdings to economically cripple the United States, before having S.H.I.E.L.D. agents brainwashed by Doctor Faustus open fire on crowds of protesters in front of the [[White House]]. The Red Skull continues his assault by engineering a riot by placing Kronas security troops and drugged water in a protest on the [[Lincoln Monument]].<ref>''Captain America'' (v.5) #33-35</ref> All of this has apparently been to elevate his puppet politician, Gordon Wright, elevated in the public's eye with being credited as "resolving" the situations, as well as surviving a (staged) attack by the [[Serpent Squad]]. Once elected, Wright will lead the country directly into a police state secretly controlled by the Red Skull. The Skull also plans to transfer his consciousness into Sharon's unborn child, apparently sired by Steve Rogers himself and potentially having inherited his Project Rebirth enhancements.<ref>''Captain America'' #36</ref> Both schemes fail because of the impatience and incompetence of the Skull's daughter - her near-fatal attack on Sharon Carter causes her to lose the baby, and she intentionally botches her pseudo-assassination of Gordon Wright by attempting to kill him for real. As Faustus has surreptitiously tampered with Sharon's programming, she is able to rebel, and before escaping shoots Lukin to death. This isn't the end of Red Skull, since Armin Zola had seconds earlier transferred his mind to one of his spare robotic bodies, but after having his current form damaged by the [[Grand Director|imposter Captain America]], he's unable to return back to Red Skull, essentially trapping him in his current robotic form for the time being.<ref>''Captain America'' (v.5) #42</ref> ===Captain America: Reborn=== It has been revealed that Red Skull did not actually kill Steve Rogers, but trapped his body in a fixed position in space and time. He was planning on using Sharon and a machine created by Doctor Doom to return his body back to their time, but since Sharon destroyed the machine, his body is now drifting through time and space.<ref>''Captain America: Reborn'' #1</ref> Apparently, it is presumed that the Red Skull intended to transfer his mind into Rogers' body. [[Green Goblin|Norman Osborn]] decides to assist in completing his plan as Captain America leading [[Dark Avengers|his team of Avengers]] would increase his popularity in his stolen [[Iron-Man]] [[Iron Man's armor|suit]].<ref>''Captain America: Reborn'' #2</ref> Sin and Crossbones find him and take him to Latveria in order to place the Red Skull's mind in a living body.<ref>''Captain America: Reborn'' #3</ref> The Red Skull, Sin, and Crossbones land in Latveria and Doom confronts them, saying that he would kill them if he wasn't a man of his word. Doom and Zola complete the machine and, after Ms. Hand brings Sharon to them, they strap her in. They activate the machine and soon Steve Rogers' body returns. When Steve opens his eyes, they are shown to be red, signifying that the Red Skull is now in control.<ref>''Captain America: Reborn'' #4</ref> Steve Rogers still resides in the body, and during the Red Skull's invasion of Washington D.C., he and Steve battle in the mind of Steve's body.<ref>''Captain America: Reborn'' #5</ref> Steve eventually forces Red Skull out, placing him back into his robot body. To prevent him from escaping the immediate area, Sharon Carter hits the Red Skull with a shot of [[Pym Particles]], making him a massive robot who cannot elude any pursuer's attention. While Rogers and the Avengers occupy this giant menace's attention, he is destroyed by a missile barrage fired by Sharon Carter on a hijacked AIM battleship. In the epilogue, it was shown that [[Sin (Marvel Comics)|Sin]] was too close to the exploding robot, and her face was heavily scarred, leaving her looking just like her father.<ref>''Captain America: Reborn'' #6</ref> ==Powers and abilities== Although the Red Skull has no superhuman abilities, he possesses an intellect and inventive genius on the level of supervillains such as Doctor Doom, and is a highly gifted subversive strategist and political operative. At one point, the Red Skull's mind inhabited a body cloned from Captain America's, and hence possessed the mutagenic alterations induced by the Super-Soldier formula. He was thus endowed with a body that was in perfect physical condition, with strength, speed, durability, agility, dexterity, reflexes, coordination, balance, and physical endurance that exceeded that of any Olympic athlete who ever performed. Despite the scar tissue covering his face and head, his senses were still above-average. He has been shown as a superb martial artist, though he was never on par with Captain America himself; he was originally trained by German athletes appointed by Hitler, and is heavily trained as a skilled marksman with various forms of handguns, and well-versed in the use of fire arms and explosives. The Red Skull is commonly portrayed as one of the Marvel Universe's most genuinely frightening major villains. While sharing Alexander Lukin's body, he lost his superhuman abilities. Since then he resides in one of the android bodies engineered by Arnim Zola, with enhanced endurance and resilience. He typically armed himself with a trick cigarette that could fire fatal poison gas — his trademark "Dust of Death" — toward his victim. The "Dust of Death" is a red powder which kills a victim within seconds of skin contact. The powder causes the skin of the victim's head to shrivel, tighten, and take on a red discoloration, while causing the hair to fall out. Hence the victim's head resembles a "red skull". He also carries a large arsenal of conventional and advanced fire arms and explosives. ==Other versions== ===Earth-110=== Red Skull allied with Doctor Doom, Hulk, Magneto, Namor, and Ultron in order to take over Manhattan.<ref>''Fantastic Four: Big Town'' #1-4</ref> ===Earth X=== Johann Schmidt was killed by Captain America some time previous to [[Earth X]]. After the Red Skull killed [[Bernie Rosenthal]] and then hailed Captain America as the realization of the Nazi dream, Captain America decapitated the Red Skull using his trademark shield. As a result of his disillusionment from taking a life, Captain America retired from the Avengers, only to further spiral into depression after the Avengers were killed in Washington, D.C. Schmidt was later seen in the Land of the Dead, and then as one of those in Mar-Vell's Paradise waiting to live in his own personal version of Heaven.{{Issue|date=April 2009}} Despite his death, the Red Skull's legacy lived on in the Earth X universe. Ben Beckley took on the identity of the Skull (not the Red Skull, as he had no idea who the Red Skull was) and set out to conquer the world, starting with a coast-to-coast drive across America. Using his power of control over the cerebrum (and thereby actions) of anyone, he gathered an army of thousands, only to come into conflict with Steve Rogers in his identity of Captain America. Insulting Captain America as old and out of date, the Skull spared him but took several of Captain America's allies as part of his army. After reaching New York City, the Skull was opposed by Captain America and other heroes, with Captain America breaking the Skull's neck in order to stop him. Beckley would later be seen in the Land of the Dead with his father, [[Comet Man]], and would help the heroes to convince the dead that they were deceased.{{Issue|date=April 2009}} ===Elseworlds=== In the 1997 DC/Marvel special "Batman/Captain America", the Skull hires the [[Joker (comics)|Joker]] to steal an [[atomic bomb]] during World War II. Joker evades Batman, Cap, Bucky, and Robin and delivers it to the Skull, but is horrified when he learns that the Skull is a Nazi (saying "I may be a criminal lunatic but I'm an ''American'' criminal lunatic!"). When the Skull threatens to drop the bomb on Washington D.C., the Joker actually fights him in the plane's cargo bay. When Captain America and Batman take over the plane and bring it over the ocean, the two villains are dropped out with the bomb just before it explodes. Both Captain America and Batman are convinced the two are still alive somehow.<ref>''Batman & Captain America'' #1 (January 1997)</ref> ===Marvel Zombies=== In ''[[Marvel Zombies]]'', Red Skull is an undead zombie with an unquenchable hunger for the flesh of the living. In issue #5, he finally manages to kill [[Alternative versions of Captain America#Marvel Zombies|Colonel America]], by ripping out the last of the Colonel's exposed brain before being decapitated by [[Alternative versions of Spider-Man#Marvel Zombies|Spider-Man]], and his head crushed by [[Henry Pym#Marvel Zombies|Giant Man]]'s boot. His last words were "It was worth it, all of it, just for this."<ref>"Marvel Zombies" #5 (April 2006)</ref> ===Old Man Logan=== In a [[Old Man Logan|possible future]] where a final battle between the heroes and villains ended with the villains winning, the Red Skull is revealed as the mastermind of the villains' conquest and has made himself President of the United States. Living in the Nazi redecorated [[White House]], Red Skull had taken to wearing Captain America's old bloodstained uniform and collecting gruesome trophies from fallen heroes. When his men bring in a wounded Wolverine, Logan and the Red Skull fight in his trophy room. Unwilling to pop his claws during the fight, Wolverine decapitates the Red Skull with Captain America's shield, ending his villainous rule.<ref>''Wolverine Giant-Size Old Man Logan'' (September 2009)</ref> ===Ultimate Red Skull=== [[Image:Ultimate Red Skull.jpg|thumb|150px|Ultimate Red Skull shown on the variant cover to Ultimate Comics: Avengers #1. Art by Leinil Yu.]] The '''Ultimate Red Skull''' first appears in ''[[Ultimate Comics: Avengers]]'' created by [[Mark Millar]]. This Red Skull is the illegitimate son of Captain America and his girlfriend Gail Richards, conceived before the Captain's presumed death during WWII. Taken from Richards, the Red Skull is raised on an army base where he appears to be a well-adjusted, physically superior, and tactically brilliant young man who greatly resembles his father. His easy-going personality is a ruse. Around the age of seventeen, he kills over 200 men on the base, and then cuts off his own face, this last act being interpreted as part of his efforts to reject his father.<ref name="Ultimate Avengers #2">''Ultimate Avengers'' #2</ref> As a final symbol of his rebellion against the system that created him, he assassinates President John F. Kennedy in 1963.<ref name="Ultimate Avengers #5">''Ultimate Avengers'' #5</ref> After decades of working as a professional assassin, the Red Skull joins A.I.M. He and his men steal the blueprints of the Cosmic Cube at the Baxter Building. There he finally meets his father in his helicopter and brutally attacks him. Before throwing Captain America out of the helicopter, Red Skull reveals his true identity. At the A.I.M. headquarters in Alaska, the Red Skull has his men kill the leading officer, and takes charge of the operation. With control of the Cosmic Cube he gains great power; as a sadistic display of his power he has the entire Alaskan A.I.M. team cannibalize each other. When the Avengers arrive on the scene they immediately try to destroy him but the Cube imbues him with nearly unlimited power, making him absolutely invulnerable. During the battle with the Avengers he beats them mercilessly. Captain America arrives in a stolen Teleporter Jet, but Skull forces the jet to crash. Cap survives the crash and teleports the jet to the Red Skull's exact coordinates, impaling him on one of the two rods that protrude from its nose.<ref name="Ultimate Avengers #6">''Ultimate Avengers'' #6</ref> The Red Skull is taken to a hospital and kept alive long enough for Gail Richards (his mother) to say her goodbyes. Skull explains to Nick Fury that all he wanted to do with the Cosmic Cube was to turn back time and prevent Steve Rogers (his father) from being lost during the war so that he could grow up with him and lead a normal life, rather than the one he was given. Petra Laskov (the woman whom he forced to kill her husband, then her infant son himself) enters the room dressed as a doctor and shoots the Red Skull in the head, killing him. When Gregory Stark asks [[Ultimate Nick Fury|Nick Fury]] if he was responsible for calling out the Red Skull from his retirement and hiring him, in order to regain his position in S.H.I.E.L.D., Fury doesn't give an answer.<ref name="Ultimate Avengers #6">''Ultimate Avengers'' #6</ref> Unlike the flamboyant Nazi/military costume of the 616 counterpart, Ultimate Red Skull wears simple khaki pants and a white tee shirt.<ref name="Ultimate Avengers #2"/> ==In other media== ===Animation=== [[Image:Gauntletofredskull.jpg|thumb|The Red Skull in the 1994 [[Spider-Man (1994 TV series)|Spider-Man animated series]].]] * The Red Skull appears in several episodes of the Captain America segment of ''[[The Marvel Super Heroes]]'' 1960s animated series, voiced by [[Paul Kligman]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} * He appears in the 1981 ''[[Spider-Man (1981 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' animated series, in the episode "The Capture of Captain America", voiced by [[Peter Cullen]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} * Cullen reprises his role of the Red Skull{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} in the animated series ''[[Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends]]'', in the episode "Quest of the Red Skull". * The Red Skull appears in a flashback in the "Old Soldiers" episode of the animated series ''[[X-Men (TV series)|X-Men]]'', voiced by [[Cedric Smith (actor)|Cedric Smith]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} * The Red Skull appears in the 1994 ''[[Spider-Man (1994 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' animated series, voiced by [[Earl Boen]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} He first makes a cameo in the episode "The Cat". Later, he appears during the "Six Forgotten Warriors" story arc, which reveals that after Red Skull and Captain America fought, they were trapped in a time vortex. Fifty years later, his son Rheinholt Schmidt and stepson Chameleon free him from the vortex, only for one of the captive scientists to also free Captain America. He also appears in the "Secret Wars" arc. * The Red Skull appears in the "Wrath of the Red Skull" episode of the children's animated series ''[[The Super Hero Squad Show]]'', voiced by [[Mark Hamill]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicscontinuum.com/stories/0907/28/voices.htm |title=Comics Continuum |publisher=Comics Continuum |date=2009-07-28 |accessdate=2011-01-11}}</ref> He also appears in the episode "World War Witch". * The Red Skull appears in ''[[The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes]]'' episode "Meet Captain America", voiced by [[Steven Blum]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} In this show, he is depicted as [[HYDRA]]'s founder and it's super-soldier. ===Film=== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = left/right/center | header_background = | footer = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Redskull.jpg | width1 = 200 | caption1 = [[Scott Paulin]] as the Red Skull in the 1990 film, ''[[Captain America (1990 film)|Captain America]]''. | alt1 = | image2 = Hugo Weaving as Red Skull.jpg | width2 = 200 | caption2 = [[Hugo Weaving]] as The Red Skull in the 2011 film, ''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''. | alt2 = }} * In the 1990 low-budget film, ''[[Captain America (1990 film)|Captain America]]'', [[Scott Paulin]] portrayed Red Skull. In this adaptation, the character is an [[Italians|Italian]] [[Italian Fascism|Fascist]] officer called '''Tadzio de Santis''', who had been kidnapped by the Italian army stormtroopers for their experiments when he was a child; his family is murdered immediately afterward. Cooperating with German scientists, they succeed in creating their first (and only) "[[übermensch]]", albeit deformed with scarred red skin and no hair by the process. After the war, he receives elaborate plastic surgery to gain a more normal appearance, albeit still badly scarred. He is still nearly as strong and agile as Captain America in 1993 when the film takes place, despite being well into his 70s. The scientist responsible for the super-soldier procedure is disgusted by the Axis using a child as its subject and escapes to America, creating a greatly improved version of the serum and testing it on a [[Poliomyelitis|polio]] stricken adult volunteer named Steve Rogers. * The Red Skull is featured in ''[[Captain America: The First Avenger]]''<ref name="firstavenger">{{Cite news|url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/captainamericanews.php?id=9051|title=Red Skull Confirmed as Captain America Villain |publisher=SuperheroHype.com|date=2010-02-06|accessdate=2010-02-07}}</ref>, portrayed by [[Hugo Weaving]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Graser |first=Marc |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118016757.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |title=Chris Evans to play 'Captain America' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=2010-03-22 |accessdate=2011-01-11}}</ref> He is the commander of the [[Nazi]] Research Division [[HYDRA]]. Johann Schmidt was an ex-[[Schutzstaffel]] Officer with the rank of [[Obergruppenführer]] who was closely affiliated with [[Adolf Hitler]]. The two shared a passion for [[Norse Mythology]] according to [[Abraham Erskine]], a German scientist developing a serum that can turn ordinary people into super soldiers. Hitler locates Erskine and asks him to make the German Forces stronger. Erskine says he has no interest, so Hitler sends Schmidt to work with Erskine and force him to finish the serum, only for Schmidt to take the serum and injects it into himself as part of his desire to "become the superior man" as he believes that there is a great power of the gods resting on earth waiting to to be reclaimed. The unfinished serum makes Schmidt stronger, however it turns his face into a crimson-like red skull. Schmidt steals the [[Cosmic Cube|tesseract]], a powerful artifact believed to be of Asgardian descent from a monastery in [[Tønsberg]], [[Norway]] and uses its energy to power his armaments and weaponry. Schmidt later executes a trio of Nazi Officer's who have discovered his plan to destroy every capital on earth, including [[Berlin]], as he believes HYDRA couldn't grow any further under Hitler's command. He sends an [[Heinz Kruger|agent]] to assassinate Erskine before he can infused an American test subject with the super soldier serum and retrieve the perfected version of the serum. Confronting [[Steve Rogers]], the only viable test subject for the completed serum, Schmidt is outraged at the discovery that his 'counterpart' is nothing but a "kid from Brooklyn", becoming increasingly hostile as [[Howling Commandos#Film|Rogers' forces]] decimate various HYDRA bases throughout [[occupied Europe]]. In Schmidt's final plan to destroy America with a tesseract-powered plane, the plane is hi-jacked by Rogers, who damages the device that transferred the tesseract's power to the ship. When Schmidt attempts to pick up the Cube, it creates a portal in the sky (also showing a vision of another galaxy) before turning Schmidt into a beam of light that subsequently vanishes through the portal, leaving the Cube to fall through the aircraft floor and into the ocean. It is unknown whether Schmidt was disintegrated or merely teleported somewhere else. His remains appear to be transported through what resembles the [[Tree of Life]] as it appears in ''[[Thor (film)|Thor]]'', which leaves some viewers to assume that Schmidt is to appear in another installment of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]. Weaving's skull-like face was generated using motion capture effects similar to those applied to characters in the ''[[Pirates of the Carribbean]]'' film series. ===Video games=== * The Red Skull is the final boss of the video game ''[[Captain America and the Avengers]]''. * Red Skull appears in the video game based on the [[Captain America: The First Avenger|feature film]], ''[[Captain America: Super Soldier]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.teamxbox.com/xbox/23109/Captain-America-Super-Soldier-Announced/ |title=Captain America: Super Soldier Announced - Xbox |publisher=News.teamxbox.com |date=2010-10-05 |accessdate=2011-01-11}}</ref> , voiced by [[Keith Ferguson]]. * Red Skull appears in the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of ''[[Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet]]'', voiced by [[Mark Hamill]]. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== * [http://marvel.com/universe/Red_Skull_%28disambiguation%29 Red Skull (disambiguation)] at Marvel.com * [http://marvel.com/universe/Red_Skull_%28Johann_Shmidt%29 Red Skull (Johann Shmidt)] at Marvel.com * [http://marvel.com/universe/Red_Skull_%28Albert_Malik%29 Red Skull (Albert Malik)] at Marvel.com * {{Marvunapp|http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/rskul2.htm|Red Skull II}} * {{IMDb character|0027968}} {{Captain America}} {{S.H.I.E.L.D.}} {{Howling Commandos}} {{Invaders}} {{Marvel Cinematic Universe}} [[Category:Comics characters introduced in 1941]] [[Category:Comics characters introduced in 1947]] [[Category:Captain America]] [[Category:Characters created by Jack Kirby]] [[Category:Characters created by Joe Simon]] [[Category:Fictional cryonically preserved characters]] [[Category:Fictional dictators]] [[Category:Fictional German people]] [[Category:Fictional mass murderers]] [[Category:Film characters]] [[Category:Golden Age supervillains]] [[Category:Marvel Comics martial artists]] [[Category:Marvel Comics supervillains]] [[Category:Nazis in comic book fiction]] [[Category:Timely Comics characters]] [[es:Red Skull]] [[fr:Crâne Rouge]] [[hr:Crvena lubanja]] [[it:Teschio Rosso]] [[he:הגולגולת האדומה]] [[nl:Red Skull]] [[ja:レッドスカル]] [[no:Red Skull]] [[pt:Caveira Vermelha]] [[ru:Красный Череп]] [[fi:Punakallo]] [[sv:Red Skull]]'