TABLE C.1, Unintentional injuries among childrena presenting to emergency departments in four low-income countries,b 2007 - World Report on Child Injury Prevention

		Road traffic injuries (n=350)	Drowning (n=20)	Burns (n=210)	Falls (n=913)	Poisoning (n=66)	Total (n=1559)

		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%

Sex	Boys	247	70.6	11	55.0	111	52.9	598	65.5	43	65.2	1010	64.8
Girls	103	29.4	9	45.0	99	47.1	315	34.5	23	34.8	549	35.2

Age	0–12 months	2	0.6	1	5.0	8	3.8	20	2.2	1	1.5	32	2.1
1–4 years	76	21.7	8	40.0	110	52.4	355	38.9	37	56.1	586	37.6
≥5 years	272	277.7	11	55.0	92	43.8	538	58.9	28	42.4	941	60.4

Time of injury	Morning (06:01–12:00)	128	36.6	6	30.0	80	38.1	294	32.2	27	40.9	535	34.3
Lunchtime (12:01–14:30)	71	20.3	4	20.0	40	19.0	203	22.2	13	19.7	331	21.2
Afternoon (14:31–17:00)	39	11.1	0	0	39	18.6	136	14.9	9	13.6	223	14.3
Evening (17:01–20:00)	53	15.1	4	20.0	26	12.4	112	12.3	7	10.6	202	13.0
Night (20:01–06:00)	59	16.9	6	30.0	25	11.9	168	18.4	10	15.2	268	17.2

Mode of transport to hospital	Private car	86	24.6	11	55.0	44	21.0	263	28.8	27	40.9	431	27.6
Public ambulance	59	16.9	0	0	14	6.7	77	8.4	6	9.1	156	10.0
Private ambulance	48	13.7	1	5.0	19	9.0	33	3.6	3	4.5	104	6.7
Motorcycle	17	4.9	1	5.0	1	0.5	26	2.8	4	6.1	49	3.1
Bicycle	3	0.9	0	0	1	0.5	3	0.3	0	0	7	0.4
Walking	31	8.9	2	10.0	18	8.6	123	13.5	7	10.6	181	11.6
Taxi	80	22.9	5	25.0	109	51.9	303	33.2	10	15.2	507	32.5
Other	26	7.4	0	0	4	1.9	85	9.3	9	13.6	124	8.0

Who brought child to hospital?	Mother	111	31.7	6	30.0	78	37.1	376	41.2	35	53.0	606	38.9
Father	159	45.4	9	45.0	108	51.4	412	45.1	25	37.9	713	45.7
Other family member	51	14.6	5	25.0	22	10.5	92	10.1	6	9.1	176	11.3
Friend	5	1.4	0	0	2	1.0	9	1.0	0	0	16	1.0
Teacher	2	0.6	0	0	0	0	12	1.3	0	0	14	0.9
Other	22	6.3	0	0	0	0	12	1.3	0	0	34	2.2

Activity at time of injury	Sports	11	3.1	0	0	1	0.5	42	4.6	2	3.0	56	3.6
Leisure/play	104	29.7	17	85.0	145	69.0	684	74.9	36	54.5	986	63.2
Travelling	156	44.6	0	0	1	0.5	16	1.8	1	1.5	174	11.2
Work (paid and unpaid)	19	5.4	0	0	15	7.1	37	4.1	1	1.5	72	4.6
Educational activity	19	5.4	0	0	2	1.0	23	2.5	1	1.5	45	2.9
Daily living	26	7.4	1	5.0	22	10.5	80	8.8	18	27.3	147	9.4
Other/unknown/refused to answer	15	4.3	2	10.0	24	11.4	31	3.4	7	10.6	79	5.1

Where did injury occur?	Home (inside)	5	1.4	4	20.0	142	67.6	351	38.4	41	62.1	543	34.8
Home (outside)	57	16.3	7	35.0	19	9.0	237	26.0	9	13.6	329	21.1
Road/street/highway	249	71.1	2	10.0	2	1.0	44	4.8	1	1.5	328	21.0
Countryside/farm/marketplace	2	0.6	1	5.0	1	0.5	9	1.0	0	0	12	0.8
Other public building	2	0.6	6	30.0	44	21.0	157	17.2	13	19.7	222	14.2
School/sports/play area	3	0.9	0	0	2	1.0	96	10.5	2	3.0	103	6.6
Other/unknown	5	1.4	4	20.0	142	67.6	19	2.1	0	0	21	1.3

Nature of most severe injury	Concussion	80	26.0	3	15.0	1	0.5	134	17.0	0	0	218	16.0
Cut/bite/open wound	78	25.3	7	35.0	0	0	200	25.3	1	2.1	286	21.0
Fracture	65	21.1	1	5.0	0	0	195	24.7	1	2.1	262	19.2
Sprain	33	10.7	1	5.0	0	0	93	11.8	1	2.1	128	9.4
Bruise	42	13.6	3	15.0	2	1.0	152	19.2	0	0	199	14.6
Burn	2	0.6	1	5.0	191	96.0	4	0.5	6	12.8	204	15.0
Organ system	3	1.0	4	20.0	1	0.5	1	0.1	27	57.4	36	2.6
Other/unknown	5	1.6	0	0	4	2.0	11	1.4	11	23.4	31	2.3

Outcome after injury	Treated and discharged home	173	55.1	11	55.0	41	19.7	717	79.0	52	78.8	994	65.6
Admitted to a ward/intensive care unit/burn unit	100	31.8	4	20.0	164	78.8	136	15.0	10	15.2	414	27.3
Admitted for emergency surgery	20	6.4	0	0	0	0	15	1.7	1	1.5	36	2.4
Died in emergency room	2	0.6	2	10.0	0	0	2	0.2	0	0	6	0.4
Referred to another centre	9	2.9	3	15.0	2	1.0	14	1.5	1	1.5	29	1.9
Left before treatment completed	3	1.0	0	0	1	0.5	4	0.4	2	3.0	10	0.7
Other/unknown	7	2.2	0	0	0	0	20	2.2	0	0	27	1.8

Estimated long-term effect of injury	No significant disability	119	34.0	13	65.0	108	51.4	483	53.0	53	80.3	776	51.0
Short-term temporary disability (<6 weeks)	135	38.6	4	20.0	51	24.3	354	38.8	8	12.1	552	36.3
Long-term temporary disability (≥6 weeks)	52	14.9	1	5.0	35	16.7	70	7.7	5	7.6	163	10.7
Permanent disability	8	2.3	2	10.0	16	7.6	5	0.5	0	0	31	2.0

Road traffic injuries (n=350)

Drowning (n=20)

Burns (n=210)

Falls (n=913)

Poisoning (n=66)

Total (n=1559)

Sex

Boys

247

70.6

55.0

111

52.9

598

65.5

65.2

1010

64.8

Girls

103

29.4

45.0

47.1

315

34.5

34.8

549

35.2

Age

0–12 months

0.6

5.0

3.8

2.2

1.5

2.1

1–4 years

21.7

40.0

110

52.4

355

38.9

56.1

586

37.6

≥5 years

272

277.7

55.0

43.8

538

58.9

42.4

941

60.4

Time of injury

Morning (06:01–12:00)

128

36.6

30.0

38.1

294

32.2

40.9

535

34.3

Lunchtime (12:01–14:30)

20.3

20.0

19.0

203

22.2

19.7

331

21.2

Afternoon (14:31–17:00)

11.1

18.6

136

14.9

13.6

223

14.3

Evening (17:01–20:00)

15.1

20.0

12.4

112

12.3

10.6

202

13.0

Night (20:01–06:00)

16.9

30.0

11.9

168

18.4

15.2

268

17.2

Mode of transport to hospital

Private car

24.6

55.0

21.0

263

28.8

40.9

431

27.6

Public ambulance

16.9

6.7

8.4

9.1

156

10.0

Private ambulance

13.7

5.0

9.0

3.6

4.5

104

6.7

Motorcycle

4.9

5.0

0.5

2.8

6.1

3.1

Bicycle

0.9

0.5

0.3

0.4

Walking

8.9

10.0

8.6

123

13.5

10.6

181

11.6

Taxi

22.9

25.0

109

51.9

303

33.2

15.2

507

32.5

Other

7.4

1.9

9.3

13.6

124

8.0

Who brought child to hospital?

Mother

111

31.7

30.0

37.1

376

41.2

53.0

606

38.9

Father

159

45.4

45.0

108

51.4

412

45.1

37.9

713

45.7

Other family member

14.6

25.0

10.5

10.1

9.1

176

11.3

Friend

1.4

1.0

Teacher

0.6

1.3

0.9

Other

6.3

1.3

2.2

Activity at time of injury

Sports

3.1

0.5

4.6

3.0

3.6

Leisure/play

104

29.7

85.0

145

69.0

684

74.9

54.5

986

63.2

Travelling

156

44.6

0.5

1.8

1.5

174

11.2

Work (paid and unpaid)

5.4

7.1

4.1

1.5

4.6

Educational activity

5.4

1.0

2.5

1.5

2.9

Daily living

7.4

5.0

10.5

8.8

27.3

147

9.4

Other/unknown/refused to answer

4.3

10.0

11.4

3.4

10.6

5.1

Where did injury occur?

Home (inside)

1.4

20.0

142

67.6

351

38.4

62.1

543

34.8

Home (outside)

16.3

35.0

9.0

237

26.0

13.6

329

21.1

Road/street/highway

249

71.1

10.0

1.0

4.8

1.5

328

21.0

Countryside/farm/marketplace

0.6

5.0

0.5

1.0

0.8

Other public building

0.6

30.0

21.0

157

17.2

19.7

222

14.2

School/sports/play area

0.9

1.0

10.5

3.0

103

6.6

Other/unknown

1.4

20.0

142

67.6

2.1

1.3

Nature of most severe injury

Concussion

26.0

15.0

0.5

134

17.0

218

16.0

Cut/bite/open wound

25.3

35.0

200

25.3

2.1

286

21.0

Fracture

21.1

5.0

195

24.7

2.1

262

19.2

Sprain

10.7

5.0

11.8

2.1

128

9.4

Bruise

13.6

15.0

1.0

152

19.2

199

14.6

Burn

0.6

5.0

191

96.0

0.5

12.8

204

15.0

Organ system

1.0

20.0

0.5

0.1

57.4

2.6

Other/unknown

1.6

2.0

1.4

23.4

2.3

Outcome after injury

Treated and discharged home

173

55.1

55.0

19.7

717

79.0

78.8

994

65.6

Admitted to a ward/intensive care unit/burn unit

100

31.8

20.0

164

78.8

136

15.0

15.2

414

27.3

Admitted for emergency surgery

6.4

1.7

1.5

2.4

Died in emergency room

0.6

10.0

0.2

0.4

Referred to another centre

2.9

15.0

1.0

1.5

1.9

Left before treatment completed

1.0

0.5

0.4

3.0

0.7

Other/unknown

2.2

1.8

Estimated long-term effect of injury

No significant disability

119

34.0

65.0

108

51.4

483

53.0

80.3

776

51.0

Short-term temporary disability (<6 weeks)

135

38.6

20.0

24.3

354

38.8

12.1

552

36.3

Long-term temporary disability (≥6 weeks)

14.9

5.0

16.7

7.7

7.6

163

10.7

Permanent disability

2.3

10.0

7.6

0.5

2.0

From: Statistical Annex Explanatory Notes

World Report on Child Injury Prevention.

Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, et al., editors.

Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.

All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: tni.ohw@sredrokoob). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: tni.ohw@snoissimrep).

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TABLE C.1Unintentional injuries among childrena presenting to emergency departments in four low-income countries,b 2007

TABLE C.1Unintentional injuries among children^a presenting to emergency departments in four low-income countries,^b 2007