View source for 2A36 Giatsint-B

{{Short description|Soviet 152 mm towed field gun}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_artillery       = yes
| image              = File:ParkPatriot2015part6-62.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = A 152-mm gun 2A36 «Giatsint-B» in the [[Patriot Park]]
| name               = 2A36 Giatsint-B
| type               = [[Field gun]]
| is_ranged          = yes
| origin             = Soviet Union
| manufacturer       = [[Uraltransmash]] Works
<!--| era                = Modern
| target             = general,
| projectiles        = HE, Smoke, Illuminating
| ammo_wt            = {{convert|46|kg|lb|abbr=on}}-->| date               = 
| production_date    = 1975–1989
| design_date        = 1968–1975
| number             = 
| service            = 1975–present
| used_by            = see [[#Operators|Operators]]'
| wars               = [[Lebanese Civil War]]<br />[[Iran–Iraq War]]<br />[[Gulf War]]<br />[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]<br />[[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]<br>[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]<br />[[Russo-Ukraine War]]
| carriage           = [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|Split trail]], sole plate, auxiliary power unit and hydraulics
| caliber            = 152.4 mm (6 in)
| length             = Transport: {{convert|12.92|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />Combat: {{convert|12.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = {{convert|7.562|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/49.6<br> {{convert|8.197|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/53.8  (with [[muzzle brake]])
| width              = {{convert|2.34|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height             = Transport: {{convert|2.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| elevation          = -2° to +57°
| traverse           = -25° to +25°
| weight             = {{convert|9,760|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| cartridges         = 
| velocity           = 560–945&nbsp;m/s<br />(1,837–3,100 ft/s)
| range              = (OFS): 30.5 km (19mi)<br />(OFARS) 40&nbsp;km (25mi)
| rate               = 6 rounds per minute
| crew               = 8
| 2                  = 
}}

The '''2A36 Giatsint-B''' ({{langx|ru|Гиацинт}}; "[[Hyacinth (plant)|Hyacinth]]")  is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] towed 152&nbsp;mm field gun which entered service in 1975. The 2A36 is designed to suppress and destroy enemy manpower and equipment. It is also suitable for [[counter-battery fire]].{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} The gun can be used in various weather conditions and has been tested in temperatures ranging from −50&nbsp;°C to 50&nbsp;°C. 

The gun is in use in Russia, a number of [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries, Finland, Iraq, and Ukraine.  It was used by the [[Lebanese Armed Forces#Lebanese Ground Forces|Lebanese Army]] to fire into the heavily fortified [[Nahr el-Bared]] refugee camp during the [[2007 Lebanon conflict|conflict there]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdvKkaKFQXw|title=Lebanese army during combat in Nahr-el-Bared 2007-06-21|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> [[Lebanon]] possibly acquired some in a major arms shipment from Iraq shortly before the end of the [[Lebanese Civil War]].

== Design ==
The 2A36 is fitted with a semi-automatic breech block, a [[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|hydro-pneumatic]] battery, which uses the energy from the recoil, and a chain-driven rammer for the projectile and the cased propellant charge. The carriage is raised with hydraulic power. It is equipped with a two-speed mechanism for elevation.

The gun barrel is 152&nbsp;mm caliber, 49 calibre lengths, and is rifled. The length of the barrel, including [[muzzle brake]], is 8,197&nbsp;mm (27&nbsp;ft). The carriage is forked and suspended.

== Modernization ==
Some 2A36s have been modernized<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1119/095049678/detail.shtml|publisher=ЦАМТО / Новости|script-title=ru:В учебный центр артиллерии Минобороны России в Саратове поступило 18 ед. военной техники|language=ru|trans-title=The artillery training center of the Russian Defense Ministry in Saratov received 18 units military equipment|website=armstrade.org|date=18 November 2018}}</ref> and are equipped with:{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* Battery
* "NAP" satellite positioning unit
** Satellite receiver
** Antenna unit
* Self-orientating gyroscopic angle-measuring system
* Mechanical speed gauge

== Ammunition ==
The gun uses separate-loading [[Shell (projectile)#Separate loading cased charge|cased charges]].
* VOF39 with OF-29 fragmentation shell. This shell weighs 46&nbsp;kg and contains 6.73&nbsp;kg of Hexal ([[A-IX-2]]).
* ZVOF86 with the OF-59 rocket-assisted projectile, which can destroy targets at ranges up to 30–33&nbsp;km.
* nuclear ammunition of the 0.1-0.2 kiloton yield range.
* cargo shell 30-13 able to carry dumb and smart submunitions, active and passive radio jamming.
* anti-tank and smoke shells.

== Dimensions ==
The gun is 12.92 m long in transport configuration and 12.30 m long in firing configuration.

The height is 2.76 m in transport configuration, and the under carriage is 2.34 m wide. The wheel diameter is 1.08 m, and the width of the wheel is 300&nbsp;mm. Normal tire pressure is 470 [[kPa]].

== Design history ==
The Perm Automobile Factory SKV started to develop a new 152&nbsp;mm gun in November 1968, which was to have an extended range of fire. Two variants were planned from the beginning – the towed version, '''2A36 ''Giatsint-B''''', and the self-propelled variant, '''2A37''' or '''[[2S5 Giatsint-S]]'''.

The guns were field tested in 1971–1972. Deliveries to the Soviet Army began in 1975. {{As of|2022}} the 2A36 is still considered to be reliable, mobile, and capable of delivering heavy firepower.

== Unit deployment ==
The guns are usually deployed in batteries of six to eight guns. Promotional material claims that a battery can place more than 1&nbsp;tonne of projectiles on a target in one minute. In Russian service, the gun is usually towed by a [[KrAZ-260]] 12&nbsp;tonne 6×6 truck or by an artillery tractor, such as the [[AT-T]], [[ATS-59]], {{ill|AT-S|ru|АТ-С}}, or {{ill|MT-T|ru|МТ-Т}}. When towed, the carriage is supported by a four-wheel, two wheels on each side, walking beam suspension, permitting the gun to be towed over rough terrain at speeds up to 30&nbsp;km/h (18.6&nbsp;mp/h). 

In firing position, the trail legs are split and the gun rests on a circular jack under the forward part of the carriage. This arrangement allows for a gun traverse of 25&nbsp;degrees to the left and right. Several types of trail spades are available to suit the season. The summer spades are larger to suit softer ground.

== Operators ==
[[File:2A36 operators.png|thumb|400px|A map of 2A36 operators in blue with former operators in red]]
[[File:2a36.jpg | thumb|An Armenian 2A36 in Yerevan]]

=== Current operators ===
* {{flag|Armenia}} − 26<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=178 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{flag|Azerbaijan}} − 49<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=180 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{BLR}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Fading Into Oblivion: Belarus Fighting Vehicle List |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/11/fading-into-oblivion-belarus-fighting.html |website=Oryx |access-date=1 February 2024 |date=5 November 2022}}</ref>
* {{flag|Georgia}} − 3<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=185 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{flag|Moldova}} − 20<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=190 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{RUS}} − 550 used by the Ground Forces, plus 50 used by the Naval Infantry<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=193,199 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{flag|Turkmenistan}} − 6<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=209 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{flag|Ukraine}} − 75<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=212 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>
* {{UZB}} − 140<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040051153 |pages=215-216 |language=en |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592}}</ref>

=== Former operators ===
* {{flag|Artsakh}} − Seized by Azerbaijan after the [[2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijin |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Documenting Equipment Losses During The September 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2023/09/documenting-equipment-losses-during.html |website=Oryx |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
* {{FIN}} − 24 designated as the 152 K-89.<ref name="SIPRI" /> Unknown number of guns donated to Ukraine<ref>{{cite web |last1=Janovsky |first1=Jakub |last2=naalsio26 |last3=Aloha |last4=Dan |last5=Kemal |title=Joining NATO, Joining The Cause: Finnish Aid To Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/09/joining-nato-joining-cause-finnish-aid.html |website=Oryx |access-date=1 February 2024 |date=5 September 2022}}</ref>
* {{flag|Iraq|1963}} − 180<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Trade Registers |url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |website=armstrade.sipri.org |publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
* {{LBN}} − 6<ref name="SIPRI" />
* {{flag|Soviet Union}}{{sfn|Marine Corps Intelligence Activity|1995|pages=VI-7−VI-8}} – Passed on to successor states

== Bibliography ==

*{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032508955 |edition=1st |pages= |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2023}}}}
*{{cite book |title=Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995 |date=1995 |publisher=Marine Corps Intelligence Activity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeM72t6oOZIC |language=en | ref={{SfnRef|Marine Corps Intelligence Activity|1995}}}}

== See also == 
* {{annotated link|M198 howitzer}}
* {{annotated link|2S5 Giatsint-S}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.enemyforces.com/artillery/giatsintb.htm EnemyForces.com 2A36 Giasint-B]
{{SovArtyColdWar}}

[[Category:152&nbsp;mm artillery]]
[[Category:Field artillery of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Artillery of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s]]