View source for AMX-10P

{{About|the French tracked amphibious IFV|the French wheeled tank destroyer|AMX-10 RC}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = AMX-10P
| image              = AMX-10P in the Musée des Blindés, France, pic-2.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = An AMX-10P at the ''[[Musée des Blindés]]'', [[Saumur]].
| origin             = [[France]]
| type               = [[Infantry fighting vehicle]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
| service            = 
| used_by            = See ''[[#Operators|Operators]]''
| wars               = [[Iran–Iraq War]]<br />[[Gulf War]]<br />[[Bosnian War]]<br />[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = 
| design_date        = 1968<ref name="Jane2" />
| manufacturer       = [[Nexter Systems|GIAT Industries]]<ref name="Recognition" />
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 1973–1994<ref name="O'Malley" />
| number             = 1,750<ref name="O'Malley" />
| variants           = See ''[[#Variants|Variants]]''
<!-- General specifications -->| weight             = {{convert|14.2|t|ST LT|lk=out}}<ref name="Compendium" />
| length             = {{convert|5.778|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Jane2" />
| width              = {{convert|2.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name="Jane2" />
| height             = {{convert|1.87|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(hull)''</small><ref name="Jane2" />
| crew               = 3 (commander, gunner, driver) + 8 passengers<ref name="Jane2" />
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 20&nbsp;mm [[20 mm modèle F2 gun|F2/M693 autocannon]] (800 rounds)<ref name="Jane2" />
| secondary_armament = 7.62 mm [[AA-52 machine gun|MAS]] coaxial machine gun (2,000 rounds)<ref name="Compendium" />
| engine             = [[Hispano-Suiza]] Model 115-2 eight-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel<ref name="Jane2" />
| engine_power       = {{cvt|205|kW}} at 3,000&nbsp;rpm<ref name="Jane2" />
| transmission       = 
| fuel_capacity      = 528 litres<ref name="Compendium" />
| pw_ratio           = {{cvt|14.9|kW/t|hp/t}}<ref name="Jane2" />
| suspension         = 
| clearance          = 0.45m<ref name="Compendium" />
| vehicle_range      = {{cvt|600|km}}<ref name="Compendium" />
| speed              = {{cvt|65|km/h}}<ref name="Compendium" />
}}

The '''AMX-10P''' is a French amphibious [[infantry fighting vehicle]]. It was developed from 1965 onwards to replace the [[AMX-VCI]] in the [[French Army]].<ref name="Compendium" /> It served with the French Army from its introduction in 1973 until its retirement in 2015, when it was fully replaced by the [[VBCI]].<ref name="Jane2" /><ref name="Merchet" /> 

The AMX-10P was also successfully exported, and continues to serve with several nations' militaries. It was selected by a number of Arab armies and has been operated by [[Iraq]], [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arabia]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref name="Recognition" /> Special marine variants were developed for [[Singapore]] and [[Indonesia]], including the ''AMX-10 PAC 90'' fire support version with a 90&nbsp;mm gun.<ref name="O'Malley" /><ref name="Compendium" />

The AMX-10P is fully amphibious, being propelled through water at speeds of up to 7&nbsp;km/h by twin waterjets. It is fitted as standard with a trim vane and bilge pumps to assist with the flotation process.<ref name="Recognition" /> The AMX-10P shares a number of common transmission and chassis components with its wheeled counterpart, the [[AMX-10 RC]].<ref name="Jane2" />

==Development history==
The AMX-10P was developed by the ''Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux'' (AMX) in response to a French army requirement for a new tracked armoured fighting vehicle to supplement or replace the ageing ''[[AMX-VCI]]''.<ref name="Compendium" /> The first prototypes were completed around 1968. They were showcased to potential domestic and international customers at [[Satory]] in 1969.<ref name="Jane2" /> Production did not commence until the French Army placed its first order in late 1972.<ref name="Jane2" /> The first AMX-10Ps were delivered in mid to late 1973 to the 7th Mechanised Brigade stationed at [[Reims]].<ref name="Jane2" /> 

French Army AMX-10Ps were fitted with a 20&nbsp;mm autocannon in a ''Toucan II'' two-man turret with seating for a gunner and commander. Other one-man turrets could be fitted, as well as an observation cupola for training vehicles.<ref name="Compendium" /> Export variants of the AMX-10P abounded, including models equipped with battlefield surveillance radars, the ATILA artillery fire control system, a bank of [[HOT (missile)|HOT]] anti-tank missiles, 60&nbsp;mm or 81&nbsp;mm gun-mortars, and a large 90&nbsp;mm gun.<ref name="Compendium" />

[[Greece]] was the first foreign power to purchase the AMX-10P. Between 1974 and 1977 the [[Hellenic Army]] ordered over 100 vehicles in three separate variants.<ref name="trade" /> Qatar ordered 30 AMX-10Ps in 1975, while Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia accounted for large export orders during the early 1980s.<ref name="trade" /> GIAT Industries accepted a final order from Singapore for AMX-10P PAC-90s in 1994,<ref name="trade" /> following which the production lines were closed.<ref name="O'Malley" /> At this point 1,750 AMX-10Ps had been manufactured.<ref name="O'Malley" />

108 AMX-10Ps underwent extensive overhauls to improve their armour and mobility between 2006 and 2008, including new gearboxes and suspension systems.<ref name="Current">{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/france-to-upgrade-108-amx10p-apcs-01145/|title=France to Upgrade 108 AMX-10P APCs|access-date=2007-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717204423/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/france-to-upgrade-108-amx10p-apcs-01145/|archive-date=2007-07-17|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2015, however, the AMX-10P had been entirely withdrawn from French service, being replaced by the [[VBCI]].<ref name="Merchet" />

==Description==
AMX-10P hulls are fabricated from a welded steel<ref name="Jane2" /> or aluminum alloy<ref name="Recognition" /> and notable for their parallel incorporation of the driving and engine compartments. The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and to the left.<ref name="Jane2" /> An AMX-10P's driving compartment is provided with a single hatch cover opening to the rear and three periscopes intended for observation purposes when the hatch is closed.<ref name="Jane2" /> 

Night vision equipment was not fitted as standard to the base production model. One of the three driving periscopes could be replaced with combined day/night intensification sights as needed.<ref name="Jane2" /> The troop compartment is at the rear of the hull, and provided with two roof hatches. Passengers embark and debark from a ramp, which is accessed through two doors at the rear.<ref name="Jane2" />

Transmission consists of a hydraulic torque converter coupled to a gearbox with one reverse and four forward driving gears.<ref name="Jane2" /> The AMX-10P utilises a [[torsion bar suspension]], which supports five road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front and idler near the rear.<ref name="Jane2" /> These can be accessed from inside the hull through maintenance panels.<ref name="Jane2" />

Standard AMX-10P turrets are equipped with a [[GIAT M693]] automatic cannon firing two different types of both high explosive ammunition and armour-piercing ammunition.<ref name="Jane2" /> More than one ammunition type may be loaded at once and fired alternatively.<ref name="Jane3" /> The high explosive rounds have a muzzle velocity of 1,050&nbsp;m/s. The latest armour-piercing round has a muzzle velocity of 1,300&nbsp;m/s and is capable of penetrating 20&nbsp;mm of [[rolled homogeneous armour]] at an incidence of 60°.<ref name="Jane2" /> The autocannon has a cyclic rate of fire of 740 rounds per minute, with the gunner being able to switch between semiautomatic, limited burst, or fully automatic fire as necessary.<ref name="Jane3" />

===External===
AMX-10Ps have a very distinctive, pointed hull and a sloping glacis plate, with the driver's position plainly visible to the left.<ref name="Recognition" /> The hull roof is horizontal as well as sloped slightly inwards, accommodating a turret ring near the centre of the chassis.<ref name="Recognition" /> Both hull sides are vertical and lack firing ports.<ref name="Recognition" /> There is a circular exhaust outlet on the right side of the hull above the second and third road wheels.<ref name="Recognition" />

==Variants==
[[File:AMX-10PAC 90.jpg|thumb|A [[Singapore Army]] AMX-10P PAC-90 with 90&nbsp;mm gun]]
* '''AMX-10P''': Standard production model. Armed with a two-man ''Toucan II'' turret and a M963 F2 20&nbsp;mm autocannon.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10P 25''': AMX-10P with a one-man ''Dragar'' turret and a M811 25&nbsp;mm autocannon.<ref name="Compendium" /> This was trialled by the French Army but not adopted into service.<ref name="Recognition" /> It was later adopted by the [[Singapore Armed Forces]].<ref name="O'Malley" />
* '''AMX-10P ''Marine''''': AMX-10P with improved amphibious capabilities and a modified propulsion system that allowed for top speeds of up to 10&nbsp;km/h in water.<ref name="Compendium" /> This variant was developed for the [[Indonesian Marine Corps]].<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10P ''Sanitaire''''': A turretless AMX-10P designed as an ambulance vehicle.<ref name="Compendium" /> It carried a wide range of medical equipment.<ref name="Jane2" />
* '''AMX-10ECH''': AMX-10P modified as an armoured recovery vehicle, including a large hydraulic crane.<ref name="Recognition" /> Also known as the AMX-10D.<ref name="Jane2" />
* '''AMX-10P/HOT''': AMX-10P carrying HOT anti-tank missiles.<ref name="Recognition" /> Two external HOT launchers were located on either side of the hull, with an additional twenty missiles stored outside.<ref name="Jane2" /> This variant was developed for the [[Saudi Arabian Army]].<ref name="O'Malley" /> At least 92 were manufactured.<ref name="trade" />
* '''AMX-10PC''': AMX-10P modified as a command vehicle, including additional radios, a collapsible awning on either side of the hull, and a large generator on the hull roof.<ref name="Jane2" />
* '''AMX-10 RATAC''': An unarmed AMX-10P with a RATAC fire control radar mounted over its turret ring and a tracing table located inside the hull.<ref name="Jane2" />
* '''AMX-10RAV''': AMX-10P modified as a general cargo transporter. The French Army used this model to transport artillery ammunition.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''[[AMX-10RC]]''': Wheeled variant of the AMX-10P developed for armed reconnaissance.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10SAO''': AMX-10P modified as a mobile [[Artillery observer|forward artillery observation]] post. It possessed a long-range laser rangefinder in its turret, as well as a 7.62mm machine gun.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10SAT''': AMX-10P modified as an artillery survey vehicle.<ref name="O'Malley" /> It was fitted with a custom navigation system.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10TM''': AMX-10P modified as an [[artillery tractor]], with a new one-man turret and its rear ramp removed.<ref name="Jane2" /> It towed a F1 120&nbsp;mm mortar and carried 60 mortar projectiles.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10VOA''': AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a slightly different turret from the AMX-10SAO.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10VFA''': AMX-10P carrying the ATILA artillery fire control system.<ref name="Compendium" /> This spawned two sub-variants of its own, the more simplified ''AMX-10VLA'', and the more sophisticated ''AMX-10VFA''.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10P TMC-81''': AMX-10P with an 81&nbsp;mm breech loading, Hotchkiss-Brandt CL-81 gun-mortar.<ref name="Compendium" /> Similar in concept to the earlier [[Brandt Mle CM60A1|CM60A1]], the CL-81 fired both high explosive and armour-piercing shells.<ref name="Compendium" />
* '''AMX-10P PAC-90''': AMX-10P with the complete turret and 90&nbsp;mm main gun assembly of the [[ERC 90 Sagaie|Panhard ERC-90 Sagaie]] armoured car.<ref name="Compendium" /> It carried 30 90&nbsp;mm shells and 2,000 rounds of 7.62mm machine gun ammunition.<ref name="Compendium" /> This variant was marketed primarily to Indonesia and Singapore.<ref name="O'Malley" />
* '''AMX-10M''': Modified AMX-10M to fitted the 142mm ACRA Launcher with 20mm secondary gun.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URRUxF6GPE8C&q=amx-10m | title=Department of the army | date=1971 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://imgbb.com/9GHCccg | title=Content hosted at ImgBB }}</ref>

==Operators==
{{about|operators of the AMX-10P tracked variants|operators of the wheeled derivative|AMX-10 RC#Operators}}
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
[[File:AMX-10P.png|thumb|350px|A map of AMX-10P operators in blue, with former operators in red.]]
* {{flag|Bosnia-Herzegovina}}: 25<ref name="trade" />
* {{flag|Indonesia}}: 34<ref name="trade" />
* {{flag|Iraq}}: 100;<ref name="trade" /> some modernized in 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=http://isis.liveuamap.com/en/2015/26-november-iraqi-engineers-have-refurbished-amx10p-and-panhard |title=Iraqi engineers have refurbished AMX-10P and Panhard IFVs/APCs in Basra, southern #Iraq. For security forces. - ISIS - ISIL map, map of war in Syria, Iraq, Libya - Daesh map - Mosul operation - isis.liveuamap.com |date=December 20, 2016 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220173831/http://isis.liveuamap.com/en/2015/26-november-iraqi-engineers-have-refurbished-amx10p-and-panhard |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Morocco}}: 10<ref name=Maghreb1>{{cite book|last1=Nerguizian|first1=Aram|last2=Cordesman|first2=Anthony|title=The North African Military Balance: Force Developments in the Maghreb|date=2009|pages=27–28|publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies Press|location=Washington DC|isbn=978-0-89206-552-3}}</ref>
* {{flag|Qatar}}: 40<ref name="trade" />
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: 293<ref name="trade" />
* {{flag|UAE}}: 15<ref name="trade" />

===Former operators===
*{{flag|France}}: 331 in service in 2011;<ref>{{cite web|title=Les chiffres-clés de la Défense – édition 2011|url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/actualites/articles2/les-chiffres-cles-de-la-defense-edition-2011|website=Ministère français de la Défense|date=30 September 2011|access-date=3 October 2011}}</ref> withdrawn from service in 2015.<ref name="Merchet" /><ref>{{cite web|language = fr|title = Projet de loi de finances pour 2008 : Défense - Equipement des forces|website = senat.fr | date=3 April 2023 |url=http://www.senat.fr/rap/a07-094-6/a07-094-628.html}}</ref>
* {{flag|Greece}}: 105<ref name="trade" />
* {{flag|Singapore}}: 44<ref name="trade" />

==See also==
===AMX series===
* [[AMX-13]]
* [[AMX-VCI]]
* [[Mk F3 155mm|AMX Mk F3]]
* [[AMX-10RC]]
* [[AMX-30]]
* [[AMX-40]]
* [[AMX-50]]

===Vehicles of comparable role, performance, and era===
* {{lwc|Warrior tracked armoured vehicle|FV510 Warrior}}
* {{lwc|Marder (IFV)|Marder}}
* {{lwc|Puma (IFV)|Schützenpanzer Puma}}
* {{lwc|Dardo IFV|Dardo}}
* {{lwc|Bionix AFV|Bionix}}
* {{lwc|BMP-2}}
* {{lwc|M2 Bradley}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="Compendium">{{cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware |location=New York |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=1987 |isbn=0-7102-0720-4 |oclc=14965544 |pages=44–45}}</ref>

<ref name="Jane2">{{cite book |last=Christopher F. Foss|title=Jane's World Armoured Fighting Vehicles |year=1976 |edition=1976 |pages=213–216 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd |isbn= 0-354-01022-0}}</ref>

<ref name="Jane3">{{cite book |last=Pretty|first=Ronald|title=Jane's Weapon Systems, 1979–80 |year=1980 |edition=1979 |pages=312–731 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd |isbn=978-0-531-03299-2}}</ref>

<ref name="Merchet">{{cite web|author=Jean-Dominique Merchet|title=À quoi ressemblera l'armée de terre en 2020 ?|language=fr|website=Secret Défense|date=28 May 2015|url=https://www.lopinion.fr/blog/secret-defense/a-quoi-ressemblera-l-armee-terre-en-2020-24677|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526112609/https://www.lopinion.fr/blog/secret-defense/a-quoi-ressemblera-l-armee-terre-en-2020-24677|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live|access-date=25 May 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="O'Malley">{{cite book |last=O'Malley |first=T.J. |title=Fighting Vehicles: Armoured Personnel Carriers & Infantry Fighting Vehicles |date=1996 |pages=322–342 |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg |isbn=978-1-85367-211-8}}</ref>

<ref name="Recognition">{{cite book |last=Christopher F. Foss |title=Jane's Tanks and Combat Vehicles Recognition Guide |year=2000 |edition=2000 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss/page/142 142]–145 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |isbn=978-0-00-472452-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss}}</ref>

<ref name="trade">{{cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |publisher=Armstrade.sipri.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |archive-date=2010-04-14 |url-status=live |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.mablehome.com/chasseurs/2egc.htm AMX-10P from 2sd GC in Germany in 1989]
* [http://topgun.rin.ru/cgi-bin/units.pl?lng=eng&unit=2498 topgun.rin.ru]
* [http://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/inf/AMX-10P.html inetres.com]

{{ColdWarFrenchAFVs}}
{{ModernFrenchAFVs}}
{{French Army Vehicle}}

[[Category:Amphibious infantry fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:Tracked infantry fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:Infantry fighting vehicles of France]]
[[Category:Infantry fighting vehicles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s]]