View source for CASA/IPTN CN-235

{{short description|Family of transport aircraft by CASA and IPTN}}
{{Expand Spanish|topic=transp|CASA CN-235|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name = CN-235
 |image = File:Festival Aéreo de Vigo 2010 (4807526294).jpg{{!}}border
 |caption = A CASA CN-235 of the Spanish [[Maritime Safety and Rescue Society]]
 |national_origin = Spain / Indonesia
 |type = [[Military transport aircraft|Transport aircraft]] / [[maritime patrol aircraft]]
 |manufacturer = [[CASA (aircraft manufacturer)|CASA]]<br /> [[Indonesian Aerospace|IPTN]]
 |designer = 
 |first_flight = 11 November 1983
 |introduction = 1 March 1988
 |retired = 
 |status = Active service
 |primary_user = [[Turkish Air Force]]<!-- List only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add flag templates, as they limit horizontal space. -->
 |more_users = [[French Air and Space Force]] <br /> [[Indonesian Air Force]] <br /> [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]]<!-- Limited to THREE (3) "more users" here (4 total users).  List users with {{plainlist}} or {{unbulleted list}}. -->
 |produced = 1983–present<ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.liputan6.com/read/2821016/pesawat-cn-235-buatan-indonesia-pesanan-senegal-tiba-di-dakar |title = Pesawat CN-235 Buatan Indonesia Pesanan Senegal Tiba di Dakar |last = Liputan6.com |access-date = 26 February 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150031/http://news.liputan6.com/read/2821016/pesawat-cn-235-buatan-indonesia-pesanan-senegal-tiba-di-dakar |archive-date = 27 February 2017 |url-status = live |date = 8 January 2017}}</ref>
 |number_built = 286 <ref name="cn235official">{{cite web |title = Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country - Worldwide |url = https://www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2024-04/2024-03_MRS_GEN_Ord-Deliv%20by%20country.pdf |website = [[Airbus]] |access-date = 1 June 2024}}</ref> ( IPTN 69 <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.beritatrans.com/artikel/221140/Kisah-PT-DI-Rumahkan-12000-Karyawannya-di-Balik-Kesuksesan-Pesawat-CN235/ |title = Kisah PT DI Rumahkan 12.000 Karyawannya di Balik Kesuksesan Pesawat CN235 |publisher = beritatrans.com }}</ref> )
 |developed_from = 
 |variants = [[EADS HC-144 Ocean Sentry]]
 |developed_into = [[EADS CASA C-295]] <br> [[Indonesian Aerospace N-245]]
}}

The '''CASA/IPTN CN-235''' is a medium-range twin-engined [[Military transport aircraft|transport aircraft]] that was jointly developed by [[CASA (aircraft manufacturer)|CASA]] of [[Spain]] and [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] manufacturer [[Indonesian Aerospace|IPTN]]. It is operated as both a regional airliner and military transport; its primary military roles include [[military transport aircraft|air transport]] and [[aerial surveillance]].

Development of the CN-235 formally commenced in 1980 following the formation of the ''Airtech International'' [[joint venture]] on 17 October 1979. Its existence was publicly unveiled at the 1981 [[Paris Airshow]]. On 11 November 1983, the prototype CN-235 conducted its [[maiden flight]]; the first production aircraft followed on 19 August 1986. On 1 March 1988, the aircraft was put into regular service. Early on, the production of each aircraft was divided, 65% being performed by IPTN while the remainder was performed by CASA. The vast majority of CN-235s have been produced for military customers, several airlines have opted to buy limited numbers for regional services as well. In addition to the standard aircraft, specialised CN-235s have been configured into armed [[gunship]]s and [[maritime patrol aircraft]].

While both the development and early production of the CN-235 had been performed as a joint effort, the partnership arrangement between CASA and IPTN was only applicable to the ''Series 10'' and ''Series 100/110'' aircraft. Some of the later versions of the CN-235 have been developed by each company independently of the other's efforts. Accordingly, both companies have produced their own derivatives of the aircraft, such as the stretched [[EADS CASA C-295]] and the passenger-orientated [[Indonesian Aerospace N-245]]. Over 240 of all versions of CN-235 are in service, and the type has reportedly accumulated more than 500,000 flight hours.<ref name="cn235official"/> Its largest user is [[Turkey]], which operates 59 aircraft.<ref name=":0" />

==Design and development==
===Background===
The CN-235 has been conceived of during the late 1970s as a twin-[[turboprop]] powered transport capable of accommodating up to 35 passengers or various military payloads.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> It had been observed that there was a growing global market for such transports, while there was also a need in the domestic market. The Spanish aerospace company [[Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA) was keen to seek out international collaboration to develop this concept into a working programme, and promptly approach the newly formed Indonesian company [[Indonesian Aerospace|IPTN]] (later known as [[Indonesian Aerospace]] or {{lang|id|PT. Dirgantara Indonesia}}).<ref name = "icas 2012"/> The company was offered an equal share in the venture along with [[technology transfer]] opportunities from CASA, and was presented as being mutually beneficial from an economic standpoint.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Coincidentally, IPTN had been independently looking into possible configurations for such an aircraft prior to CASA's approach.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

The presented terms being agreeable, CASA and IPTN quickly formalised the programme as a [[joint venture]] initiative; on 17 October 1979, they formed ''Airtech International'' to design, develop, manufacture, and market the new aircraft.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Management comprised senior members of both companies, such as Airtech's president also being the president of IPTN, while its vice president was also the president of CASA. During November 1979, the first technical team visit from IPTN was made to CASA's [[Madrid]] facilities, while the first joint meeting was held in [[Bandung]] two months later.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> During the first half of 1980, various configurations were studied, including a stretched derivative of the [[CASA C-212 Aviocar]], multiple clean-sheet [[wide-body aircraft]] with rectangular and circular-shaped fuselages.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

The selected configuration for the aircraft featured a relatively wide fuselage for its size, complete with a rear-facing ramp suitable for all-purpose transport duties.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Its main cabin facilitated a four-abreast single-aisle seating arrangement, which could accommodate up to 44 passengers in the most dense seating configuration. The design philosophy of "a big aircraft in a small plane" was practiced, leading to be equipped to suit various situations and operating conditions present in both industrialised and developing countries.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> This led to the pursuit of performance attributes such as good accessibility for cargo transportation, the quick and convenient conversion between cargo and passenger transport operations, along with readiness to be equipped to perform other roles such as [[aerial firefighting]], [[cropdusting]], and other niche roles. Many features were specifically pursued as to ensure the aircraft's value to the Indonesian market and to capture sufficient early orders there that it would allow for [[economies of scale]] to make the aircraft highly cost-competitive on the international market.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

During January 1980, preliminary design work commenced.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> From 1980 to 1983, the second phase of development took place, starting with the detailed design work, tools manufacturing, component production, final assembly, and cumulating in the completion of initial prototypes. The project was publicly debuted at the 1981 [[Paris Airshow]].<ref name = "icas 2012"/> In addition to the display of a mock-up, sales contracts were signed and a [[memorandum of understanding]] was signed between Airtech and [[General Electric]] for the aircraft to be powered by the latter's [[General Electric T700|General Electric CT7]] turboprop engine.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

===Into flight===
On 10 September 1983, the first pair of prototypes were officially rolled out simultaneously at [[Getafe]] and Bandung in ceremonies attended by both [[Juan Carlos I|King Juan Carlos I]] of Spain and [[Suharto|President Suharto]] of Indonesia. On 11 November 1983, the first CASA-built prototype performed its [[maiden flight]]; on 30 December 1983, the  first IPTN-built prototype made its first flight.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Unusually, early testing had involved only minimal use of [[windtunnel]]s, while it was also decided to only construct a pair of prototypes, decisions that constrained and protracted the later flight testing process. New testing facilities in Indonesia were established with the assistance of the [[German Aerospace Center]].<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Amongst other aspects, the CN-235 proved to have easy handling characteristics. Extensive weight and drag-minimisation efforts were undertaken, one benefit of which was that the subsequent production aircraft were reportedly 10% lighter than the prototypes.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

The third phase of development was to secure certification and to conduct the aircraft's first delivery to customers.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> In support of this effort, static and fatigue testing was conducted by the [[Serpong]] Laboratory for Structural Testing. By September 1984, orders for several dozen aircraft had been secured at a reported unit cost of $6m; many of these early orders for the type had originated from local customers within the two partner company's home nations.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

Certification from both the Spanish and Indonesian authorities was received on 20 June 1986; the first flight of a production-standard aircraft was conducted on 19 August 1986.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> [[Type certification]] from the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) was granted on 3 December 1986, permitting the CN-235 to be operated in [[North America]]. The first deliveries to customers took place during 1987.<ref name = "icas 2012">{{cite web |url = http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS1992/ICAS-92-0.5.pdf |title = Spanish-Indonesian cooperation in the development, production, certification and marketing of CN-235 commuter aircraft |date = 1992 |publisher = [[International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences|ICAS]] and AIAA |first1 = B. J. |last1 = Habibie |first2 = E. |last2 = de Guzman}}</ref> On 1 March 1988, the CN-235 officially entered service.

By May 1989, there were 133 firm orders for the CN-235, 74 had been placed by military operators while 59 were attributed to civil operators; of these, 85 had been ordered by Indonesian customers while 22 were attributable to Spanish customers alone, and the remainder to international customers.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> In comparison to international competitors, such as the [[De Havilland Canada Dash 8]] and the [[ATR 42]], it was a slightly slower aircraft but had a relatively wide body, making it favourable for moving containerised cargos and even [[jet engines]], a task traditionally performed by much larger aircraft.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

As per the early production arrangements, roughly 65% of each aircraft was produced in Bandung, while 35% was manufactured in Getafe; this workshare arrangement was the case regardless of whether rollout occurred in Spain or Indonesia.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> While the airframe was fully produced locally by IPTN, the engines, control and communication systems were all produced in either Europe or the United States. The lower wages present in Indonesia have been a key factor in enabling the CN-235 to be economically produced at its relatively low purchase price.<ref name = "icas 2012"/>

Both CASA and IPTN were keen to further develop the CN-235, the original prototypes were quickly adapted to serve as flying test beds to support these efforts.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> By 1992, multiple versions had already been developed, and more were underway. These were often produced in response to specific customer requirements, such as to perform maritime reconnaissance.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Development of the initial versions had been carried out jointly by the two companies.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> Perhaps the most significant derivative of the aircraft was launched in 1995 by CASA in the form of a stretched CN-235. This aircraft would be produced as the [[EADS CASA C-295|C-295]].<ref name = "adapations ain2016">{{cite web |url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-02-18/adaptations-bring-cn235/c295-sales-rewards-airbus |title = Adaptations Bring CN235/C295 Sales Rewards For Airbus |publisher = ainonline.com |first = Chris |last = Pocock |date = 18 February 2016}}</ref>

Indonesia has sought greater autonomy from [[Airbus]] (whom CASA has been integrated into) in the CN-235 manufacturing process; the Indonesian Ministry of Defence (MoD) has made this objective a part of the offset conditions should the [[Airbus A400M Atlas]] strategic transport aircraft be procured for the [[Indonesian Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-seeks-more-autonomy-on-cn235-production-in-offset-talks-for-a400m |title = Indonesia seeks more autonomy on CN235 production in offset talks for A400M |publisher = janes.com |first = Ridzwan |last = Rahmat |date = 25 October 2021}}</ref>

==Operational history==
===Military sector===
Amongst the first customers for the CN-235 was the [[French Air and Space Force]], which had ordered an initial eight aircraft by May 1989.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> In April 2010, [[Hervé Morin]], [[French Minister of Defence]], announced the order of eight CN-235-300s from Spain.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.libertaddigital.com/nacional/francia-compra-a-eads-ocho-aviones-cn-135-300-1276389237/ |title = Francia compra a EADS ocho aviones CN-135-300 por 250 millones de euros |publisher = Libertad Digital |date = 4 April 2010 |access-date = 2 October 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100407115430/http://www.libertaddigital.com/nacional/francia-compra-a-eads-ocho-aviones-cn-135-300-1276389237/ |archive-date = 7 April 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/picture-france-receives-first-of-eight-new-cn-235-transports/103305.article |title = PICTURE: France receives first of eight new CN-235 transports |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Craig |last = Hoyle |date = 5 December 2011}}</ref> By 2015, the service had expanded its fleet to 27 aircraft.<ref name=":0" /> During mid-2020, a French CN-235 was amongst those assets deployed to [[Mauritius]] to assist in pollution control efforts after the [[MV Wakashio oil spill]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/08/french-navy-vessel-champlain-to-assist-with-mv-wakashio-oil-spill-in-mauritius/ |title = French Navy Vessel 'Champlain' to Assist with MV Wakashio Oil Spill in Mauritius |publisher = navalnews.com |first = Xavier |last = Vavasseur |date = 10 August 2020}}</ref>

[[File:TNI-AU_Airtech_CN-235_MPA_Persuader_Pichugin.jpg|thumb|left|Indonesian Air Force Airtech CN-235 MPA, July 2005]]
Several sizable early orders from the Indonesian armed forces made it the largest customer for the CN-235 early on. By May 1989, the [[Indonesian Air Force]] alone had ordered 32 aircraft while the [[Indonesian Navy]] had ordered 18 CN-235s, six of which in a maritime surveillance configuration.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> During December 2009, the Indonesian Navy ordered its first batch of three CN-235 MPAs; the first of these aircraft, based at Juanda Naval base in [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]], were declared operational in October 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://en.antaranews.com/news/90974/indonesian-navy-officially-commences-operations-of-cn235-mpa-aircraft |title = Indonesian navy officially commences operations of CN235 MPA aircraft |publisher = antaranews.com |date = 2 October 2013}}</ref> In November 2016, the Indonesian Air Force also commenced operations with the latest generation of CN-235 MPAs, equipped with winglets and new electronic support apparatus.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/indonesian-air-forces-new-cn235-mpa-unveiled/122266.article |title = Indonesian air force's new CN235 MPA unveiled |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Beth |last = Stevenson |date = 15 November 2016}}</ref>

The Spanish armed forces also placed modest early orders for the type, by May 1989, two [[VIP]]-configured CN-235s had been ordered by the [[Spanish Air Force]].<ref name = "icas 2012"/> In 2000, the Future Medium Transport Aircraft II (FATAM II) program was launched, under which a batch of nine C-295s was ordered for the Spanish Air Force to take the place of eight CN-235s that were converted from a general transport configuration into maritime patrol and search-and-rescue aircraft, while between four and six CN-235s were assigned to training operations, their reassignment having noticeably depleted the service's medium transport fleet.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295433803 |title = Spain looks to EADS CASA for medium transport aircraft |first = G. |last = Jennings |date = July 2007}}</ref> In December 2007, Spain ordered a pair of CN-235 MPA for the Guardia Civil, making it the first fixed-wing aircraft to be operated by the agency.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295433811 |title = Spain buys maritime patrol aircraft |first = G. |last = Jennings |date = December 2007}}</ref>

[[File:Irish Defence Force parachutists make a free fall exit from an Irish Air Corps CASA CN 235.jpg|thumb|left|Irish Defence Forces parachutists exiting from a CN-235, December 2013 ]]
During the early 1990s, the [[Irish Air Corps]] became interested in the type, initially opting to lease a single aircraft directly from CASA in 1992.<ref name="Defence Forces Ireland"/> Two years later, a pair of CN-235s configured for maritime surveillance operations were delivered to the Air Corps.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://afloat.ie/safety/coastguard/item/51457-outgoing-irish-coast-guard-head-says-air-corps-has-to-be-available-24-7-if-it-wants-to-return-to-search-rescue |title = Outgoing Irish Coast Guard Head Says Air Corps Has to be Available "24/7" if it Wants to Return to Search & Rescue |publisher = afloat.ie |date = 8 August 2021}}</ref> During 2021, amid the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Fall of Kabul]] and the US withdrawal from [[Afghanistan]], one of the CN-235s was flown to the nation to assist with the evacuation.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/armys-elite-special-forces-being-24820488 |title = Army's elite special forces being sent to rescue dozens of Irish citizens trapped in Afghanistan |publisher = irishmirror.ie |first = Michael |last = O'Toole |date = 23 August 2021}}</ref> In 2022, Irish CN-235s have been deployed to provide humanitarian aid to, as well as evacuate wounded civilians from, [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.rte.ie/news/2022/0326/1288634-ukraine-airlift/ |title = Air Corps flies Ukrainian girl to Ireland for treatment |publisher = rte.ie |first = Laura |last = Fletcher |date = 26 March 2022}}</ref>

In December 2002, the Colombian Navy ordered two CN-235 configured for maritime patrol and anti-drug trafficking missions. During July 2010, a third MPA-configured aircraft was delivered.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/picture-colombia-receives-new-cn-235-maritime-patrol-aircraft/95128.article |title = PICTURE: Colombia receives new CN-235 maritime patrol aircraft |publisher = Flight International |first = Craig |last = Hoyle |date = 30 July 2010}}</ref> In April 2012, Colombia awarded a contract to Telephonics to replace the original radars of the two older CN-235s with the APS-143 OceanEye marine surveillance Radar.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.telephonics.com/press/telephonics-technical-support-services-center-in-elizabeth-city-nc-awarded-contract-to-upgrade-2-colombian-navy-cn-235s |title = Telephonics' Technical Support Services Center in Elizabeth City, NC awarded contract to upgrade 2 Colombian Navy CN-235s |publisher = Telephonics |date = 2 April 2012}}</ref>

In April 2005, [[Venezuela]] ordered two CN-235 maritime surveillance aircraft along with ten transport planes.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cbsnews.com/news/venezuela-buys-military-equipment/ |title = Venezuela Buys Military Equipment |website = [[CBS News]] |date = 28 November 2005 |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518084039/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/11/28/world/main1080996.shtml |archive-date = 18 May 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/eads-casa-defies-us-to-sell-c-235s-to-venezuela/64428.article |title = EADS Casa defies US to sell C-235s to Venezuela |publisher = [[Flight International]] |date = 14 December 2005}}</ref> However, during the following year, the transaction was halted due to the refusal of the United States government to allow the transfer of what they deemed to be US technology in the aircraft's [[avionics]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/19/venezuela.armstrade |title = US stops Venezuela planes deal |publisher = theguardian.com |first = Giles |last = Tremlett |date = 19 October 2006}}</ref>

In January 2006, Thailand came to a tentative [[barter]]ing arrangement with Indonesian Aerospace for ten aircraft, six of which were for the Ministry of Defence and the remaining four for the Ministry of Agriculture.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/thailand-seeks-cn-235-barter-deal/64803.article |title = Thailand seeks CN-235 barter deal |publisher = Flight International |date = 10 January 2010}}</ref> An additional aircraft was ordered on 19 September 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/11/25/ptdi-delivers-cn-235-plane-to-royal-thai-air-force.html |title = Dirgantara delivers CN-235 plane to Royal Thai Air Force |publisher = thejakartapost.com |first = Arya |last = Dipa |date = 25 November 2016}}</ref>

During July 2008, the [[Mexican Navy]] announced that it would purchase six CN-235s.<ref>{{cite web |title = Seis CN-235-300 Persuader para la Armada de México |date = 4 July 2008 |author = SusoRail |language = es |url = http://blog.elgrancapitan.org/?p=586 |access-date = 17 July 2008 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081205155211/http://blog.elgrancapitan.org/?p=586 |archive-date = 5 December 2008}}</ref> In November 2011, the first aircraft was accepted by the service; it was configured to conduct search and rescue, disaster relief, and drug interdiction missions.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/picture-mexican-navy-accepts-new-cn-235/103117.article |title = PICTURE: Mexican navy accepts new CN-235 |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Craig |last = Hoyle |date = 17 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2019.1574562?journalCode=ctwq20 |title = Staying the course in Mexico: the role of the US in the drug war, 2006–present |first = Edward |last = Hunt |journal = Third World Quarterly |volume = 40 |issue = 6 |date = 7 March 2019 |pages = 1184–1205|doi = 10.1080/01436597.2019.1574562 |s2cid = 159395424 }}</ref> During May 2012, the final of four CN-235 MPAs was delivered to the Mexican Navy.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/mil-log/final-cn235-delivered-mexico/ |title = Final CN235 delivered to Mexico |publisher = shephardmedia.com |date = 17 May 2012}}</ref>

[[File:2011년 4월 공군 CCT 야외종합훈련(5) (7499920306).jpg|thumb|Paratroopers deploying from a CN-235 of the [[South Korean Air Force]], April 2011]]

In December 2008, South Korea announced that Indonesian Aerospace's bid had triumphed over four rival submissions, and thus it would order four CN-235-110 MPAs to equip the [[South Korean Coast Guard]] with; these aircraft, delivered in 2011, had a reported per unit cost of $23 million.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2008/12/116_37027.html |title = S. Korea to Buy 4 Patrol Aircraft From Indonesia |publisher = [[The Korea Times]] |first = Jung |last = Sung-ki |date = 30 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/20/ri-seeks-exchange-planes-with-south-korea.html-0 |title = RI seeks to exchange planes with South Korea |publisher = The Jakarta Post |date = 20 May 2011 |access-date = 2 October 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110827055307/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/20/ri-seeks-exchange-planes-with-south-korea.html-0 |archive-date = 27 August 2011 }}</ref>

On behalf of the [[Royal Jordanian Air Force]], a light [[gunship]] version of the CN-235 was developed; it was introduced to service in May 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/jordan-takes-delivery-of-ac235-gunship-398981/ |title = Jordan takes delivery of AC235 gunship |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 7 May 2014 |access-date = 4 May 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150219112159/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/jordan-takes-delivery-of-ac235-gunship-398981/ |archive-date = 19 February 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Collaborators in the project included the [[King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau]] of [[Jordan]], and the U.S. defense company [[Orbital ATK]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.orbitalatk.com/defense-systems/defense-electronic-systems/ac-235/docs/AC-235_Fact_Sheet.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150624014759/https://www.orbitalatk.com/defense-systems/defense-electronic-systems/ac-235/docs/AC-235_Fact_Sheet.pdf |url-status = live |archive-date = 24 June 2015 |title = AC-235c Fact Sheet |publisher= orbitalatk.com |access-date = 4 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name = "adapations ain2016">{{cite web |url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-02-18/adaptations-bring-cn235/c295-sales-rewards-airbus |title = Adaptations Bring CN235/C295 Sales Rewards For Airbus |publisher = ainonline.com |first = Chris |last = Pocock |date = 18 February 2016}}</ref>

Turkey has become the largest operator of the CN-235,<ref name=":0" /> by October 1998, it already had placed cumulative orders for 52 transport-configured aircraft, and would order an additional nine CN-235 MPAs by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/turkey-boosts-order-for-cn-235/23702.article |title = Turkey boosts order for CN-235 |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 21 October 1998}}</ref> During the 2000s, a modification programme was undertaken to equip 19 [[Turkish Navy]] and coastguard aircraft with new maritime surveillance equipment supplied mainly by [[Thales]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/modified-cn-235-makes-flight-debut-for-turkish-coastguard/75052.article |title = Modified CN-235 makes flight debut for Turkish coastguard |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Craig |last = Hoyle |date = 13 July 2007}}</ref> Throughout the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], CN-235 MPAs of the Turkish Navy heavily patrolled the [[Black Sea]], these have repeatedly detected [[sea mine]]s and aided in de-mining efforts.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/04/turkish-mpa-detects-the-3rd-sea-mine-off-turkey-coast-in-the-black-sea/ |title = Turkish MPA detects the 3rd sea mine off Turkey Coast in the Black Sea |publisher = navalnews.com |first = Tayfun |last = Ozberk |date = 6 April 2022}}</ref>

The [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] has operated a fleet of CN-235 transports. During early 2020, it was announced that several Malaysian aircraft would be converted into a maritime surveillance configuration using financial assistance from the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/singapore-airshow/2020/02/13/malaysia-taps-american-fund-to-convert-transport-planes-for-maritime-surveillance-role/ |title = Malaysia taps American fund to convert transport planes for maritime surveillance role |publisher = defensenews.com |date = 13 February 2020}}</ref> On 17 June 2022, the Royal Malaysian Air Force receive the first of three such modified CN235-220M MSA as part of the Malaysian Maritime Security Initiative program.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zonajakarta.pikiran-rakyat.com/teknologi/pr-184842680/usai-2-tahun-lamanya-pesawat-yang-dimodifikasi-cn235-220m-msa-oleh-pt-di-telah-dikerahkan-ke-malaysia?page=all |title = Usai 2 Tahun Lamanya, Pesawat yang Dimodifikasi CN235-220M (MSA) oleh PT DI Telah Dikerahkan ke Malaysia |publisher = Zona Jakarta - Halaman all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://militaryleak.com/2022/06/22/royal-malaysian-air-force-receives-first-cn-235-maritime-surveillance-aircraft/ |title = Royal Malaysian Air Force Receives First CN-235 Maritime Surveillance Aircraft |publisher = militaryleak.com |date = 22 June 2022}}</ref>

Between 2010 and 2012, the [[Senegalese Air Force]] acquired two CN-235s at a reported cost of $13 million. In 2013, the service declared it planned to buy two more aircraft for VIP and cargo duties, and that it was also interested in the MPA version as well.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7788:-senegal-mod-plans-to-acquire-two-additional-cn235s-including-mpa-versions-&catid=36:africa&Itemid=55 |title = Senegal: MoD plans to acquire two additional CN235s, including MPA versions |publisher = Dmilt.com |date = 30 August 2013 |access-date = 30 August 2013 |archive-date = 27 March 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140327221313/http://dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7788:-senegal-mod-plans-to-acquire-two-additional-cn235s-including-mpa-versions-&catid=36:africa&Itemid=55 |url-status = dead }}</ref> During 2018, Senegal ordered two MPA-configured CN-235s, the first of which was received in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |first = José Mª Navarro |last = García |url = https://www.defensa.com/africa-asia-pacifico/fuerza-aerea-senegal-recibe-tercer-cn-235-destinara-patrulla |title = La Fuerza Aérea de Senegal recibe un tercer CN-235, lo destinará a patrulla marítima |publisher = Defensa.com |date = 1 April 2021 |access-date = 2 May 2022}}</ref>

On January 10, 2024, [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] President [[Joko Widodo]] offered the CN-235 ASW of [[Indonesian Aerospace|PT Dirgantara Indonesia]] for the [[Philippine Navy]] during his visit to [[Manila]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Indonesia president Widodo offers CN-235 ASW aircraft to Philippine Navy |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2024/january/13944-indonesia-president-widodo-offers-cn-235-asw-aircraft-to-philippine-navy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240201065114/https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2024/january/13944-indonesia-president-widodo-offers-cn-235-asw-aircraft-to-philippine-navy.html |archive-date=2024-02-01 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Navy Naval News Navy Recognition |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2024 |title=Indonesian President Offers Sale of Anti-submarine Warefare Aircraft to Philippine Navy |url=https://militaryleak.com/2024/01/10/indonesian-president-offers-sale-of-anti-submarine-warefare-aircraft-to-philippine-navy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240201064926/https://militaryleak.com/2024/01/10/indonesian-president-offers-sale-of-anti-submarine-warefare-aircraft-to-philippine-navy/ |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=1 February 2024 |website=Military Leak}}</ref>

===Commercial airliner===
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Merpati Nusantara Airtech CN-235-10 Wallner.jpg|thumb|right|A CN-235 of [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]] in Indonesia]]

Although the CN-235 has been initially designed as a military transport, it has also been offered to civil operators, usually as a commercial airliner. It has not achieved substantial sales in this role compared to competing 50-seat commuter aircraft such as the [[Fokker 50]], [[ATR 42]] and [[De Havilland Canada Dash 8|De Havilland Canada DHC-8]].<ref name="FI">{{cite web |url = https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_old_pdf.cfm?ARC_ID=321 |title = CASA/IPTN CN-235/C-295 - Archived 8/2007 |publisher = Forecast International |date = July 2006 |access-date = 9 March 2020}}</ref> [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] LAE, Spain's [[flag carrier]], emerged as an early customer, opting to purchase four CN-235s from CASA to serve on its regional routes. It, and its subsidiaries [[Binter Canarias]] and [[Binter Mediterraneo]], operated the type between 1989 and 1997, opting to procure several larger [[ATR 72]]s to replace it.<ref name = "todayaviation nov2021">{{cite web |url = https://airwaysmag.com/the-casa-iptn-cn-235/ |title = Today in Aviation: The CASA/IPTN CN-235 |publisher = airwaysmag.com |first = Lee |last = Cross |date = 11 November 2021}}</ref>

Numerous Indonesian operators had placed early orders for the CN-235; by 1992, there were internal routes served by the type between most of the major cities in the country.<ref name = "icas 2012"/> The Indonesian operator [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]] emerged as the largest civilian operator of the CN-235, at one point having 15 examples in its fleet alone.<ref name = "todayaviation nov2021"/> In April 1995, the company decided to proceed with a leasing arrangement to operate additional aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/new-merpati-president-will-go-ahead-with-cn-235-lease-plan/13726.article |title = New Merpati president will go ahead with CN-235 lease plan |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 15 November 1995 |first = Paul |last = Lewis}}</ref>

During 1992, [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]], which was a subsidiary of Iberia at that time, ordered a pair of CN-235s to be operated by its own subsidiary, [[Austral Líneas Aéreas|Austral]].<ref name = "todayaviation nov2021"/> In August 2006, it was reported that several CASA CN-235-10 were in service with African airlines, including two operated by [[Safair]] and one with [[Tiko Air]].<ref>''[[Flight International]]'', 3–9 October 2006.</ref> Around 2007, [[Asian Spirit]] operated a lone CN-235-220 in the Philippines.{{CN|date=July 2022}}

During 2015, Indonesian Aerospace announced that they were in the early stages of developing a new variant of the CN-235, the ''N-245'', which has been specifically designed to perform civil operations and is able to carry up to 60 passengers. Alternatively also referred to as the ''CN-235NG'', this variant is planned to be fully launched following the completion of the [[Indonesian Aerospace N-219]] project, at one point, it was expected to be fully certified sometime in 2019. A further derivative has been envisioned, referred to as the ''N-270'', it is a stretched version of the N-245 and is planned to be able to carry up to 70–90 passengers; the original timeframe for development was set between 2019 and 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title = RI Gencar Bikin Pesawat, Setelah N219 Ada N245 dan N270 |url = http://finance.detik.com/read/2015/11/03/160718/3060887/1036/ri-gencar-bikin-pesawat-setelah-n219-ada-n245-dan-n270 |website = finance.detik.com |access-date = 12 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160313031312/http://finance.detik.com/read/2015/11/03/160718/3060887/1036/ri-gencar-bikin-pesawat-setelah-n219-ada-n245-dan-n270 |archive-date = 13 March 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2017-02-21/indonesia-makes-mixed-progress-airliner-programs |title = Indonesia Makes Mixed Progress with Airliner Programs |publisher = ainonline.com |first = Chris |last = Pocock |date = 21 February 2017}}</ref>

==Variants==

[[File:Casa cn235 001.jpg|thumb|right|A CASA CN-235 of the [[Spanish Air Force]]]]

;CN-235-10
:Initial production version (15 built by each company), with GE CT7-7A engines.

;CN-235-100/110
:Generally as series 10, but with GE CT7-9C engines in new composites nacelles; replaced Series 10 in 1988 from 31st production aircraft. Series 100 is Spanish-built, series 110 Indonesian-built, with improved electrical, warning and environmental systems.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/iptn-receives-european-approval-for-cn-235-110/15246.article |title = IPTN receives European approval for CN-235-110 |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 9 August 1995}}</ref>

;CN-235-200/220
:Improved version. Structural reinforcements to cater for higher operating weights, aerodynamic improvements to wing leading-edges and rudder, reduced field length requirements and much-increased range with maximum payload. Series 200 is Spanish-built, Series 220 Indonesian-built. Series 220 still in production.

[[File:Airtech CN-235-100M QC, Thailand - Police AN1650225.jpg|thumb|CN-235-200M of the [[Royal Thai Police]]]]
;CN-235-300
:CASA modification of 200/220 series, with the [[Honeywell|Honeywell International Corp.]] avionics suite. Other features include improved pressurization and provision for optional twin-nosewheel installation.

;CN-235-330 Phoenix
:Modification of Series 200/220, offered by IPTN with new Honeywell avionics, ARL-2002 EW system and 16,800&nbsp;kg/37,037 lb MTOW, to the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] to meet Project Air 5190 tactical airlift requirement,<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/australia-opens-competition-door-to-admit-cn235-phoenix/19473.article |title = Australia opens competition door to admit CN235 Phoenix |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 11 February 1998}}</ref> but was forced by financial constraints to withdraw in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/australia-insists-on-deadline-and-raises-cn235-330-partners-ire/21881.article |title = Australia insists on deadline and raises CN235-330 partners ire |publisher = flightglobal.com |date = 15 July 1998}}</ref>

;CN-235 MPA
:Maritime patrol version with 6 [[hardpoint]]s to carry [[Exocet|AM-39 Exocet]]-Missiles or [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk.46]]-Torpedoes.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/cn235mp/ |title = CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft |publisher = Airforce Technology |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150715054936/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/cn235mp/ |archive-date = 15 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref>

;[[EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry|HC-144 Ocean Sentry]]
:[[United States Coast Guard]] designation for a planned twenty-two<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.uscg.mil/acquisition/gallery/lrsgallery.asp |title = USCG: Acquisition Programs & Projects |publisher = US Coast Guard |access-date = 26 January 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201043529/http://uscg.mil/acquisition/gallery/lrsgallery.asp |archive-date = 1 December 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> aircraft fleet bought to replace the small [[HU-25 Guardian]] business-style jets. {{Asof|2019}}, eighteen had been delivered.

;AC-235
:A light gunship modified with integrated weapons pylons to carry [[AGM-114 Hellfire]] missiles and [[Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket|70 mm rockets]]; it also has a side-mounted 30 mm cannon and a [[Synthetic aperture radar]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/AC235/Pages/default.aspx |title = AC-235 Light Gunship |publisher = Northrop Grumman |access-date = 19 July 2019 }}</ref>

==Operators==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

===Military operators===
[[File:World operators of the CN-235.png|thumb|400px|CN235 world operators:<br>{{Legend|#0000ff|Military operators}}{{Legend|#00ff00|Only government operators}}{{Legend|#ff0000|Former operators}}]]Bangladesh operate the CASA/IPTN CN-235 aircraft. The Bangladesh Air Force has a few CN-235 aircraft in its fleet, which are primarily used for transport, maritime patrol, and various utility roles. The CN-235 is a medium-range twin-engine transport aircraft developed by CASA (Spain) and IPTN (Indonesia), known for its versatility in both military and civilian applications.

In the Bangladesh Air Force, these aircraft serve roles such as troop transport, cargo airlift, medical evacuation, and maritime surveillance, contributing to the country's defense and logistical capabilities.
;{{AZE}}
*[[Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force]] operates four CN235.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Azərbaycan və Türkiyə Hərbi Hava Qüvvələrinin birgə təlimləri keçiriləcək|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/azerbaycan-ve-turkiye-herbi-hava-quvvelerinin-birge-telimleri-kecirilecek-19903.html|website=mod.gov.az|access-date=20 July 2020|language=az}}</ref>
;
{{BOT}}
*The [[Botswana Defence Force Air Wing]] operates two CN235 aircraft.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = http://militaryaircraft-airbusds.com/Portals/0/Images/Aircraft/OrdersAndDeliveries/AMOrdersDeliveries.pdf |title = Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country – Worldwide |date = 31 August 2015 |access-date = 4 December 2015 |website = Airbus Space and Defence |publisher = Airbus Space and Defence |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120091009/http://www.militaryaircraft-airbusds.com/Portals/0/Images/Aircraft/OrdersAndDeliveries/AMOrdersDeliveries.pdf |archive-date = 20 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="fiwaf12 p46">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 46.</ref>
;{{BRU}}
*The [[Royal Brunei Air Force]] operates one CN235-110M.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="fiwaf12 p47">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 47.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mindef.gov.bn/Berita%20Parajurit/Berita%20Prajurit%20Vol%209.pdf|title=Berita Parajurit, vol 9 – Air Capability static display – participating squadrons|website=MinDef.gov.bn|location=[[Bolkiah Garrison]], Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei|publisher=Defence Information Technology Unit, [[Ministry of Defence (Brunei)|Ministry of Defence, Brunei Darussalam]]|volume=9|page=8|date=31 May 2023|access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref>
;{{BFA}}
*The [[Military of Burkina Faso]] operates one CN235.<ref name="fiwaf12 p47"/>
;{{CMR}}
*[[Cameroon Air Force]] ordered one CN235 in June 2012,<ref>{{cite web |last = Hoyle |first = Craig |title = Cameroon signs deal for CN235 transport |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cameroon-signs-deal-for-cn235-transport-372666/ |work = Flightglobal |access-date = 9 June 2012 |date = 6 June 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130419123837/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cameroon-signs-deal-for-cn235-transport-372666/ |archive-date = 19 April 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> delivery took place in July 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.airbusmilitary.com/PressCenter/LatestNews/TabId/176/ArtMID/681/ArticleID/281/Airbus-Military-welcomes-Cameroon-as-new-operator.aspx |title = Military Aircraft Airbus DS – Press Center |work = Airbus Military |access-date = 5 July 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140414004031/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/PressCenter/LatestNews/TabId/176/ArtMID/681/ArticleID/281/Airbus-Military-welcomes-Cameroon-as-new-operator.aspx |archive-date = 14 April 2014}}</ref>
;{{CHI}}
*The [[Chilean Army]] operates three CN235.<ref name="fiwaf12 p48">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 48.</ref>
;{{COL}}
*The [[Colombian Aerospace Force]] and the [[Colombian National Navy]] operate a total of five CN235 aircraft.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="fiwaf12 p49">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 49.</ref>
;{{ECU}}
*The [[Ecuadorian Army]]<ref name="FI"/> [[Ecuadorian Navy|and Ecuadorian Navy]] operate four CN235s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="fiwaf12 p49"/>
;{{FRA}}
*The [[French Air and Space Force]] operates 27 aircraft.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="fiwaf12 p50">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 50.</ref>
;{{GAB}}
*The [[Gabonese Air Force]] operates one CN235.<ref name=":0"/>
;{{IDN}}
[[File:DSC01413~2.jpg|thumb|right|A CASA CN235-MPA of the [[Indonesian Air Force]]]]
*The [[Indonesian Air Force]] operates the CN235 and [[Indonesian Navy]] operates the CN235-MPA;<ref name="fiwaf12 p52">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 52.</ref> as 2018, eight CN235 in service with the air force and five CN235 in service with the navy.<ref name=":0"/>
;{{IRL}}
*The [[Irish Air Corps]] operates two CN235-100 employed as maritime patrol aircraft, delivery took place in 1994.<ref name="Defence Forces Ireland">{{cite web |title = CASA CN235 |publisher = Defence Forces Ireland |year = 2014 |url = http://www.military.ie/air-corps/fleet/casa-cn-235/ |access-date = 27 August 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141024201815/http://www.military.ie/air-corps/fleet/casa-cn-235/ |archive-date = 24 October 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref>
;{{MYS}}
*The [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] operates seven CN235s following the accidental loss of one aircraft in 2016.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="fiwaf12 p55">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 55.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.malaysiandefence.com/rmaf-cn235-ditched-crew-survived/ |title = RMAF CN235 Ditched, Crew Survived - Malaysian Defence |website = www.malaysiandefence.com |access-date = 23 June 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180623061533/http://www.malaysiandefence.com/rmaf-cn235-ditched-crew-survived/ |archive-date = 23 June 2018 |url-status = live}}</ref>
;{{MRT}}
*One CN235 delivered from the [[United Arab Emirates]] in May 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Binnie |first1 = Jeremy |title = Mauritania receives CN-235 transport aircraft from UAE |url = https://www.janes.com/article/88726/mauritania-receives-cn-235-transport-aircraft-from-uae |website = Jane's 360 |access-date = 23 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190523152013/https://www.janes.com/article/88726/mauritania-receives-cn-235-transport-aircraft-from-uae |archive-date = 23 May 2019 |location = London |date = 23 May 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>
;{{MEX}}
*The [[Mexican Navy]] operates eight CN235-300MPA,<ref name=":0"/> the first two were delivered in September 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jni/jni081203_1_n.shtml |title = Defence Security Report |publisher = Janes.com |date = 3 December 2008 |access-date = 2 October 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100602104653/http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jni/jni081203_1_n.shtml |archive-date = 2 June 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = seg und o i n forme d e labore s |url = http://www.semar.gob.mx/transparencia/informes_labores/2_inf_labores.pdf |access-date = 20 June 2009 |publisher = secretaría de marina |language = pt |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090319204302/http://www.semar.gob.mx/transparencia/informes_labores/2_inf_labores.pdf |archive-date =19 March 2009 }}</ref>
;{{MAR}}
[[File:Royal Moroccan AF - CASA CN-235-100M.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Royal Moroccan Air Force]]'s CN235-100M]]
*The [[Moroccan Air Force]] operates five aircraft.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="fiwaf12 p55"/>
;{{NEP}}
*The [[Nepalese Army]]'s Aviation Brigade signed a deal on 16 June 2017 to purchase its first CN235-220, and began negotiations in February 2018 to purchase a second from [[Indonesian Aerospace]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.southasia.com.au/2017/06/20/nepalese-army-buying-military-transport-aircraft-indonesia-can-even-carry-small-vehicle/ |title = Nepalese Army buying Military Transport aircraft from Indonesia, can "even" carry "a small vehicle" |publisher = southasia.com.au |date = 20 June 2017 |access-date = 21 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171009021346/http://www.southasia.com.au/2017/06/20/nepalese-army-buying-military-transport-aircraft-indonesia-can-even-carry-small-vehicle/ |archive-date = 9 October 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1 = Rahmat |first1 = Ridzwan |title = Singapore Airshow 2018: Nepal begins negotiations for second CN-235 with PT Dirgantara |url = http://www.janes.com/article/77674/singapore-airshow-2018-nepal-begins-negotiations-for-second-cn-235-with-pt-dirgantara |website =IHS Jane's 360 |access-date = 7 February 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180207213629/http://www.janes.com/article/77674/singapore-airshow-2018-nepal-begins-negotiations-for-second-cn-235-with-pt-dirgantara |archive-date = 7 February 2018 |location = Singapore |date = 7 February 2018 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref>
;{{OMN}}
*[[Royal Oman Police]]
;{{PAK}}
*The [[Pakistan Air Force]] operates four CN235-220 aircraft in the transport role.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="FI"/><ref>{{cite web |author = John Pike |url  =http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/air-force-equipment.htm |title = Pakistan Air Force Equipment |publisher = Globalsecurity.org |access-date = 2 October 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090221060209/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/air-force-equipment.htm |archive-date = 21 February 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref>
;{{PNG}}
*The [[Papua New Guinea Defence Force]] Air Operations Element operate one aircraft.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="fiwaf12 p57">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 57.</ref>
;{{SAU}}
*The [[Royal Saudi Air Force]] operates four CN235-10M, two of which are used for VIP purposes.<ref name="FI"/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.arabianbusiness.com/saudi-arabia-orders-four-airbus-c295w-military-aircraft-596427.html |title = Saudi Arabia orders four Airbus C295W military aircraft |publisher = arabianbusiness.com |date = 16 June 2015}}</ref>
;{{SEN}}
*The [[Senegalese Air Force]] operates three aircraft.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="fiwaf12 p59">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 59.</ref><ref>{{cite web |first = Ridzwan |last = Rahmat |date = 29 December 2016 |title = Senegal Air Force's CN-235 departs Bandung for Dakar |work = IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via = Jane's 360 |url = http://www.janes.com/article/66574/senegal-air-force-s-cn-235-departs-bandung-for-dakar |access-date = 15 October 2017 |url-status =dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171003125008/http://www.janes.com/article/66574/senegal-air-force-s-cn-235-departs-bandung-for-dakar |archive-date = 3 October 2017}}</ref>
;{{ROK}}
*The [[Republic of Korea Air Force]] operates twenty airframes; twelve built by CASA in Spain and eight by IPTN in Indonesia<ref name=":0"/><ref name="FI"/><ref name="jawa03 p217">Jackson, Paul. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004''. Coulsden, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. {{ISBN|0-7106-2537-5}}, p. 207.</ref>
*The [[Korea Coast Guard|Korean Coast Guard]] operates four aircraft.<ref name=":0"/>
;{{ESP}}
*The [[Spanish Air and Space Force]] operates eighteen aircraft.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="fiwaf12 p60">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 60.</ref>
*The [[Civil Guard (Spain)|Spanish Civil Guard]] operates five aircraft for surveillance duties.<ref name=":0"/>
;{{TUR}}
[[File:CASA-IPTN CN235 TurkishCoastGuard Teknofest2019 (1).jpg|thumb|CASA-IPTN CN235 [[Turkish Coast Guard]]]]
*The [[Turkish Army]],<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/turk/army/turk-arm_current_orbat.htm |title = Turkish Army Current Order of Battle |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113624/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/turk/army/turk-arm_current_orbat.htm |archive-date = 4 March 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref> [[Turkish Air Force]]<ref name="fiwaf12 p61">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 61.</ref>,[[Turkish Navy]],<ref name="fiwaf12 p61"/> and [[Coast Guard Command (Turkey)|Turkish Coast Guard]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.sg.gov.tr/casa-cn-235-aircraft | title=CASA CN-235 Aircraft }}</ref> operate fifty-nine aircraft.<ref name=":0"/>
{{ARE}}
*The [[Military of the United Arab Emirates]] operates six aircraft.<ref name=":0"/>
;{{USA}}
[[File:USAF - CN-235-100M QC - Andre Inacio.jpg|thumb|US Air Force CN235-100M QC]]
*The [[United States Air Force]] operates thirteen aircraft.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="fiwaf12 p63">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 63.</ref>
*The [[United States Coast Guard]] operates eighteen aircraft – see [[EADS CASA HC-144 Ocean Sentry]].

===Former military operators===
;{{AUT}}
*[[Austrian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/user/every/all-time-aircraft-used-list-austrian-air-force.htm |title = All-Time Aircraft Used List Austrian Air Force – Aeroflight |publisher = Aeroflight.co.uk |date= |access-date = 2 May 2022}}</ref>
;{{flag|Bophuthatswana}}
*[[Bophuthatswana Air Force]] (1, incorporated into South African Air Force)<ref name="jawa03 p217"/>
;{{JOR}}
*The [[Royal Jordanian Air Force]] operated two AC-235 gunships, as of December 2018 they are both listed for sale.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.rjaf.mil.jo/ar/showannouncement-31.html |title = Announcement of sale of CN-235 aircraft |publisher = Royal Jordanian Air Force |language = ar |date = 24 December 2018 |access-date = 6 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107015838/https://www.rjaf.mil.jo/ar/showannouncement-31.html |archive-date = 7 January 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first = David |last = Donald |url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-01-05/gunships-sale-part-mass-jordanian-sell |title = Gunships for Sale as Part of Mass Jordanian Sell-off |website = Aviation International News |date = 5 January 2019 |access-date = 6 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190105205546/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-01-05/gunships-sale-part-mass-jordanian-sell |archive-date = 5 January 2019 |url-status = live}}</ref> 
;{{MAD}}
*The [[Malagasy Air Force]] received a single CN235 that was formerly operated by the [[Botswana Defence Force]] in June 2019;<ref>{{cite magazine |last = Martin |first = Guy |title = Madagascar's military receives more aircraft |magazine = [[Air International]] |date = September 2019 |volume = 97 |issue = 3 |page = 9 |issn = 0306-5634}}</ref> it was seized by the supplier [[Sofema]] at [[Johannesburg]] in November 2020 owing to a failure of Madagascar to keep up payments for the aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/09/16/mauvais-payeur-madagascar-perd-son-seul-avion-de-transport-militaire_6094928_3212.html |last = Caramel |first = Laurence |title = Mauvais payeur, Madagascar perd son seul avion de transport militaire |trans-title = Bad payer, Madagascar loses its only military transport plane |work = [[Le Monde]] |language = French |date = 16 September 2021 |access-date = 17 September 2021}}</ref>
;{{PAN}}
*[[Military of Panama|Panamanian Air Force / National Air Service]] (until 1995)<ref name="jawa03 p217"/>
;{{RSA}}
*[[South African Air Force]] (from Bophuthatswana Air Force, retired July 2012){{Citation needed|date=December 2015}}
;{{YEM}}
*[[Yemen Air Force]]<ref name="fiwaf12 p64">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 11–17 December 2012, p. 64.</ref> (1x CN235-300) The only aircraft of the type, registration number 2211, factory number 168988, serial number 188, was destroyed in a Saudi airstrike on 25 March 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20150326-1 |title = CASA CN-235M-300 |work = Aviation Safety Network |date = 26 March 2015}}</ref>

===Government and paramilitary operators===
;{{MEX}}
*[[National Guard (Mexico)|National Guard]] (2x CN235)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mexican national guard Aviation |url=https://www.jetphotos.com/photo/10653384 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612072326/http://www.scramble.nl/mil/8/mexico/police-main.htm |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=21 October 2010 |website=jetphoto}}</ref>
;{{OMN}}
*[[Royal Oman Police]] (2x CN235-M100)
;{{ESP}}
[[File:Salvamento Maritimo CASA CN-235-300 EC-KEL.jpg|thumb|right|A CASA CN235-300 MPA of the [[Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima|Spanish Maritime Safety Agency]]]]
*[[Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima]] (Spanish Maritime Safety Agency) (3x CN235-MPA)
;{{THA}}
*[[Royal Thai Police]] (2x CN235-200,220)

===Civil operators===
[[File:CASA CN-235-200 - Binter Mediterraneo.jpg|thumb|Binter Mediterraneo CN235]]
;{{ARG}}
*[[Inter Austral]] airlines, a subsidiary of [[Austral Líneas Aéreas]], was later integrated into [[Aerolíneas Argentinas]], one ex-Binter.
;{{IDN}}
*[[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]] once operated fifteen CN235s
;{{MAD}}
*[[Tiko Air]] had one (C012)
;{{NAM}}
*[[Air Namibia]] operated one from 2001 to 2006
;{{RSA}}
*[[Safair]] had two CN235s, sold in 2006 and 2008
;{{ESP}}
[[File:CN-235 Presidential Airways.jpg|thumb|[[Presidential Airways (charter)|Presidential Airways]] CN235, formerly belonging to Binter Mediterráneo.]]
*[[Binter Canarias]] and [[Binter Mediterraneo]], both then subsidiaries of [[Iberia Airlines|Iberia]], operated four and five respectively from 1989 to 1997
;{{USA}}
*''Prescott Support Company Inc'', operating two CASA CN235
*''Flight International''  and [[Flight Turbo AC]] with one each
*[[L-3 Communication Systems]] acquired two aircraft
*[[Presidential Airways (charter)|Presidential Airways]], operates one former Binter Canarias
;{{VEN}}
*[[Air Venezuela]] had two (1999–2001)

==Notable accidents==
On 18 October 1992, [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines]] (Registration PK-MNN) CN-235-10 [[Flight 5601]] crashed in [[Garut]], Indonesia, killing all 31 people on board <ref>{{cite web |url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921018-0 |title = ASN Aircraft accident IPTN/CASA CN-235-10 PK-MNN Garut |first = Harro |last = Ranter |date = 18 October 1992 |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150706000215/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921018-0 |archive-date = 6 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref>

On 19 January 2001, a [[Turkish Air Force]] CN-235 training mission crashed near [[Kayseri]] after entering a spin from which recovery was not possible, killing all three people on board<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010119-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 097 Kayseri |publisher = [[Aviation Safety Network]] |access-date = 12 August 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813055937/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010119-0 |archive-date = 13 August 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="HDN"/>

On 16 May 2001, a [[Turkish Air Force]] CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control, killing all 34 people on board.<ref name="HDN">{{cite news |url = http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=military-cargo-plane-crashes-four-die-2001-05-19 |title = Military cargo plane crashes, four die |date = 19 May 2001 |work = [[Hürriyet Daily News]] |access-date = 12 August 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051235/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=military-cargo-plane-crashes-four-die-2001-05-19 |archive-date = 24 September 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010516-0 |title = ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235M-100 086 Malatya |publisher = [[Aviation Safety Network]] |access-date = 12 August 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612032314/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010516-0 |archive-date = 12 June 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref>

On 18 May 2001, a [[Turkish Navy]] CN-235 crashed after the pilot lost control after reaching an altitude of just 100 feet, killing all 4 people on board.<ref name="HDN"/><ref>{{cite web |url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010518-0 |title = ASN Aircraft accident IPTN_CASA CN-235MP-100M TCSG-552 Ankara-Etimesgut AFB |publisher = [[Aviation Safety Network]] |access-date = 12 August 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053153/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010518-0 |archive-date = 13 August 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref>

On 29 August 2001, [[Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261]] (Registration EC-FBC) crash-landed at [[Málaga]], Spain, killing four of the 47 passengers and crew aboard.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.1001crash.com/index-page-description-accident-BM_CASA235-lg-2-crash-121.html |title = Aircraft accidents photos – Binter Mediterraneo – Malaga, Spain – CASA 235-200 |publisher = 1001 Crash |date = 28 August 2001 |access-date = 2 October 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111003011116/http://www.1001crash.com/index-page-description-accident-BM_CASA235-lg-2-crash-121.html |archive-date = 3 October 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref> The aircraft was scrapped.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010829-0 |title = ASN Aircraft accident CASA CN-235-200 EC-FBC Málaga Airport (AGP) |first = Harro |last = Ranter |date = 29 August 2001 |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612023715/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20010829-0 |archive-date = 12 June 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref>

On 11 February 2013, a CN-235 crashed into a forest 45&nbsp;km south of [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]], 8&nbsp;km to [[Roberts International Airport]], killing 11 people amongst them [[Souleymane Kelefa Diallo]], [[Guinea army]] chief.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21408958 |title = Guinea military head killed in Liberia plane crash |newspaper = BBC News |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150122044629/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21408958 |archive-date = 22 January 2015 |url-status = live |date = 11 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://theinquirer.com.lr/content1.php?main=news&news_id=1664 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130413143725/http://theinquirer.com.lr/content1.php?main=news&news_id=1664 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 13 April 2013 |title = Guinean Army Chief, Several Killed...Pres. Sirleaf Declares Day Of Mourning; Defense Cancels Recepti |access-date = 14 February 2013 |date = 12 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/02/201321110422385837.html |title = Guinea army chief dies in Liberia air crash |access-date = 14 February 2013 |date = 11 February 2013}}</ref>

On 1 August 2015 a CN-235-200M operated by the [[Colombian Air Force]] crashed in [[Cesar Department|Cesar]] province, [[Colombia]] due to engine failure, killing 11 people.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/airbus-cn235-military-transport-crashes-in-colombia-killing-415292/ |title = Airbus CN235 military transport crashes in Colombia, killing 11 |work = Flightglobal |access-date = 1 August 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150804010934/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/airbus-cn235-military-transport-crashes-in-colombia-killing-415292/ |archive-date = 4 August 2015 |url-status = live |date = August 2015}}</ref>

On 26 February 2016, a CN-235 operated by the [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] crashed in a swamp in Kuala Selangor. Although there were no casualties amongst the occupants, a local fisherman drowned during the rescue effort.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/02/26/small-aircraft-crashes-in-kuala-selangor/ |title = RMAF plane crashes in Kuala Selangor, rescuer believed drowned |publisher = Nation – The Star Online |first1 = Nicholas |last1 = Cheng |first2 = Wani |last2 = Mutiah |access-date = 26 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160228213916/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/02/26/small-aircraft-crashes-in-kuala-selangor/ |archive-date = 28 February 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref>

On 17 January 2018, a [[Turkish Air Force]] CN-235 on a training mission crashed with two pilots and a technician on board near [[Isparta]]. All on board were killed.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.dailysabah.com/investigations/2018/01/17/3-soldiers-die-after-turkish-military-training-aircraft-crashes-in-isparta |title = 3 soldiers die after Turkish military training aircraft crashes in Isparta |publisher = dailysabah.com |date = 17 January 2018}}</ref>

==Aircraft on display==
* SAAF ''8026'' (cn: P3) [[South African Air Force]] on display at the [[South African Air Force Museum]] [[AFB Swartkop]], [[Pretoria]].  This was one of three CN235 prototypes and served with the [[Bophutatswana]] Air Force before service with the SAAF.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

==Specifications (CN235)==
[[File:EADS CASA CN-235.svg|250px|right]]

{{Aircraft specs
|prime units?= met
|ref= ''Airbus Military''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.airbusmilitary.com/Aircraft/CN235/CN235Spec.aspx |title = Military Aircraft Airbus DS – CN235 |access-date = 5 July 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140416210616/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/Aircraft/CN235/CN235Spec.aspx |archive-date = 16 April 2014}}</ref>
|crew= two, pilot and co-pilot
|capacity= 51 passengers, 35 paratroops, 18 stretchers or four HCU-6/E pallets including one on the ramp and 6,000 kg (13,100 lb)
|length m= 21.40 
|length ft= 70 
|length in= 2.5
|span m= 25.81 
|span ft= 84
|span in= 8
|height m= 8.18 
|height ft= 26
|height in= 10
|wing area sqm= 59.10 
|wing area sqft= 636.1 
|airfoil= NACA 65<sub>3</sub>-218
|aspect ratio= 11.27:1
|empty weight kg= 9,800 
|empty weight lb= 21,605 
|max takeoff weight kg= 16,100 
|max takeoff weight lb= 35,420 
|eng1 name= [[General Electric T700|General Electric CT7]]-9C3
|eng1 type= [[turboprop]]s
|eng1 number= 2
|eng1 kw= 1,305 
|eng1 hp= 1,750 
|eng1 note= (take-off)
|cruise speed kmh= 450 
|cruise speed kts= 248
|cruise speed mph= 286
|cruise speed note= at 4,575 m (15,000 ft)
|stall speed kmh= 156 
|stall speed kts= 84
|stall speed mph= 97
|stall speed note= (flaps down)
|range km= 4,355 
|range nmi= 2,350
|range miles= 2,706
|ceiling m= 7,620 
|ceiling ft= 25,000 
|climb rate ms= 7.8 
|climb rate ftmin= 1,780
|prop blade number=4|prop name=Hamilton Sundstrand 14RF Propeller}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Spain|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[EADS HC-144 Ocean Sentry]]
* [[EADS CASA C-295]]
* [[Indonesian Aerospace N-245]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Alenia C-27J Spartan]]
* [[Antonov An-32]]
* [[CASA C-295]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". ''[[Flight International]]'', Vol. 182 No. 5370. 11–17 December 2012. pp.&nbsp;40–64.
* Lambert, Mark. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–1994''. Coulsden, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. {{ISBN|0-7106-1066-1}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category|CASA CN 235}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140326120344/http://www.airbusmilitary.com/Aircraft/CN235/CN235About.aspx Airbus Military CN235]
* [http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/military-aircraft/cn-235/Airbus CN235]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/cn235mp/ CN-235 Persuader Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Spain]

{{CASA aircraft}}
{{Airbus aircraft}}
{{Indonesian Aerospace aircraft}}
{{Spanish transport aircraft}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Casa Cn-235}}
[[Category:CASA aircraft]]
[[Category:1980s international airliners]]
[[Category:1980s international military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:Indonesian Aerospace aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1983]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Airbus Defence and Space aircraft]]
[[Category:Indonesia–Spain relations]]