View source for User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26


=Coat of Arms of France=

{{About|the heraldic emblem of France|the diplomatic emblem|Diplomatic emblem of France|other national symbols|National symbols of France|the [[Charge (heraldry)|heraldic charge]] traditionally depicted on the national and royal arms|Fleur-de-lis}}
{{short description|Unofficial emblem of France}}
{{Infobox coat of arms
|name = Unofficial coat of arms of France
|image = Arms of the French Republic.svg
|image_width = 152
|earlier_versions = See ''[[#History|history]]''
|caption = 
|image2 = Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg
|image2_width = 196
|image2_caption = [[Achievement (heraldry)|Achievement]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hubert-herald.nl/FranFrance.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705170148/http://www.hubert-herald.nl/FranFrance.htm |archive-date=2018-07-05 |title=FranFrance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.max-gueguen.com/reception-demmanuel-macron-a-lhotel-de-ville-de-paris/|title = Réception d'Emmanuel Macron à l'Hôtel de ville de Paris|date = 18 May 2017|access-date = 25 February 2019|archive-date = 22 March 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190322070543/https://www.max-gueguen.com/reception-demmanuel-macron-a-lhotel-de-ville-de-paris/|url-status = dead}}</ref>
|image3 =  Flag of France.svg
|image3_width = 200px
|image3_caption = Not a coat of arms, but the Tricolor, the [[Flag of France]] is the most known symbol
|armiger= [[France|French Republic]]
|year_adopted= {{start date and age|1905}}<ref name=elysee>{{cite web |url=http://www.elysee.fr/la-presidence/le-faisceau-de-licteur/ |title=Les symboles de la République française |work=Site de la présidence de la République|date=21 October 2015 }}</ref>
|crest=[[Wreath]]
|torse=
|shield= Azure, a [[lictor]]'s [[fasces]] palewise upon two branches, of oak and of laurel, crossed in saltire, all or, surmounted by a ribbon of the same charged with the motto in letters sable: "{{Lang|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ]]}}"
|supporters=
|compartment=
|orders= Star and grand [[Collar (order)|collar]] of the [[Legion of Honour]]<br />(current version since 1953)
|other_elements=
}}

The '''coat of arms of France''' is an unofficial emblem of the [[France|French Republic]]. It depicts a [[lictor]]'s [[fasces]] upon branches of laurel and oak, as well as a ribbon bearing the national motto of {{Lang|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]}}. The full [[Achievement (heraldry)|achievement]] includes the star and grand collar of the [[Legion of Honour]]. This composition was created in 1905 (during the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]) by heraldic [[Peintre-graveur|painter-engraver]] Maurice de Meyère,<ref> https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4657709x/f1.item.r=%22%20D'azur,%20au%20faisceau%20de%20licteur%20posé%20en%20pal%22.zoom</ref> and it has been used at the [[Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|Foreign Ministry]] during state visits and for presidential inaugurations.

The country is traditionally associated with the [[Fleur-de-lis|fleurs-de-lis]] design, which came into use by [[Kingdom of France|French kings]] during the [[High Middle Ages]]. This design still represents France and the [[House of Bourbon]] in the form of [[Heraldry#Marshalling|marshalling]], such as in the arms of [[Coat of arms of Spain|Spain]], [[Coat of arms of Quebec|Quebec]], and [[Coat of arms of Canada|Canada]]. The fleur-de-lis was also the symbol of [[Île-de-France]], the core of the French kingdom, and the arms of many French communes (see [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coats_of_arms_of_communes_of_France_by_department Category:Coats of arms of communes of France by department]].

The only national symbol specified in the [[Constitution of France|present constitution]] is the [[Flag of France|tricolour flag]] in Article 2.<ref>{{cite constitution |article=II |polity=France |date=1958 }}</ref>

==Devices==
The [[blazon]]ing is:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/fr).html#sym|title = France: Symbols of the Republic}}</ref>
{{Quote|Azure, a [[lictor]]'s [[fasces]] palewise upon two branches, of oak and of laurel, crossed in saltire, all or, surmounted by a ribbon of the same charged with the motto in letters sable: "{{Lang|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ]]}}". The shield is surrounded by the Grand Collar of the Order of the Legion of Honor proper, the cross suspended from it in base.}}

===Coat of arms: charges===
====Motto====
{{Further|Liberté, égalité, fraternité}}
{{Lang|fr|Liberté, égalité, fraternité}} ({{IPA|fr|libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite|pronunciation}}; "[[liberty]], [[Social equality|equality]], [[Fraternity (philosophy)|fraternity]]",<ref name="FrEmb">{{cite web |title=Liberty, Égalité, Fraternité |publisher=Embassy of France in the US |access-date=18 September 2014 |url=http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article620 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018141249/http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article620 |archive-date=18 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is the [[national motto]] of [[France]], and is an example of a [[tripartite motto]]. Although it finds its origins in the [[French Revolution]], it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]] at the end of the 19th century.<ref name=Ozouf>{{Citation |first=Mona |last=Ozouf |author-link=Mona Ozouf |contribution=Liberté, égalité, fraternité stands for peace country and war |title=Lieux de Mémoire |trans-title=Places of memory |editor-first=Pierre |editor-last=Nora |editor-link=Pierre Nora |volume=tome III |publisher=Quarto Gallimard |year=1997 |pages=4353–89 |language=fr}} (abridged translation, ''Realms of Memory'', Columbia University Press, 1996–98).</ref>

====Fasces====
{{Further|Fasces#France|Symbolism in the French Revolution#Fasces}}
[[Fasces]] are a bundle of birch rods containing a sacrificial axe. In Roman times, the fasces symbolized the power of magistrates, representing union and accord with the Roman Republic. French architects began to use the Roman fasces (''faisceaux romains'') as a decorative device during the reign of [[Louis XIII]] (1610–1643),<ref>''Les Grands Palais de France : Fontainebleau'', I re Série, Styles Louis XV, Louis XVI, Empire, Labrairie Centrale D'Art Et D'Architecture, Ancienne Maison Morel, Ch. Eggimann, Succ, 106, Boulevard Saint Germain, Paris, 1910</ref><ref>''Les Grands Palais de France : Fontainebleau '', II me Série, Les Appartments D'Anne D'Autriche, De François I er, Et D'Elenonre La Chapelle, Labrairie Centrale D'Art Et D'Architecture, Ancienne Maison Morel, Ch. Eggimann, Succ, 106, Boulevard Saint Germain, Paris, 1912</ref> and the imagery of the [[French Revolution]] used references to the ancient [[Roman Republic]] to an even greater extent. During the [[French First Republic|First Republic]], topped by the [[Phrygian cap]], the fasces is a tribute to the Roman Republic and means that power belongs to the people. It also symbolizes the "unity and indivisibility of the Republic",<ref name="elysee1">{{cite web | url=https://www.elysee.fr/en/french-presidency/the-lictor-s-fasces | title=The lictor's fasces | date=20 November 2012 }}</ref> as stated in the [[French Constitution]].

====Branches====
{{Further|Oak#National symbol|Laurel wreath#As used in heraldry}}
=Coat of arms of France/French Republic=


*The [[oak]] is France's [[national tree]], and a common [[symbol]] of [[Virtue|strength]] and [[endurance]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oak as a Symbol|url=http://www.venablesoak.co.uk/about-oak/oak-as-a-symbol-2/|work=Venables Oak|access-date=26 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505014026/http://www.venablesoak.co.uk/about-oak/oak-as-a-symbol-2/|archive-date=5 May 2013}}</ref>
*A [[bay laurel]] ({{Lang|la|Laurus nobilis}}) branch, an aromatic broadleaf evergreen, or later from spineless butcher's broom (''[[Ruscus hypoglossum]]'') or cherry laurel (''[[Prunus laurocerasus]]''). It is a [[symbol]] of triumph, which traces back to [[Greek mythology]]. [[Apollo]] is represented wearing a laurel wreath on his head, and wreaths were awarded to victors in athletic competitions, including the ancient [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympics]] — for which they were made of wild olive-tree known as ''"[[kotinos]]"'' ({{Lang|grc|κότινος}}),<ref name="LSJ">{{Cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=Henry George |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dko%2Ftinos |title=A Greek-English Lexicon |last2=Scott |first2=Robert |date=1843 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-864226-8 |edition=1 |location=Oxford |quote=κότι^νος |author-link=Henry Liddell |access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref> (sc. at [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]])—and in poetic meets. In [[ancient Rome|Rome]] they were symbols of martial victory, crowning a successful commander during his [[Roman triumph|triumph]].

===External devices===
*Star and grand collar of the [[Legion of Honour]], which is the highest French [[order of merit]] for [[military]] and civil merits, established in 1802 by [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] and retained by all later French governments and régimes. The [[Achievement (heraldry)|achievement]] includes the order's grand collar, which is worn only by the [[President of France|President]], as Grand Master of the order.

= Tricolore with the Republican Emblem =

{{align|center|{{Superimpose2
     |base = Flag of France.svg
     |base_width = 600px
     |base_alt=
     |float = Armoiries de la France.svg
     |float_width = 150px
     |float_alt =
     |float_caption= 
     |float_link=
     |x = 225
     |y = 130
     }}}}


=Free French Forces 1940-1944 =

[[File:Flag of Free France (1940-1944).svg|thumb|center|400px|Flag of Free France (1940-1944)]]

=Fifth Republic=

[[File:Institutions of the Fifth Republic.svg|thumb|center|800px|{{center|Institutions of the Fifth Republic}}]]


== Timeline diagram ==
[[File:Chronologie constitutions françaises.svg|910px]]

=Version of Tricolore incorpating the Bourbon Version of the Fleur-de-lis=

[[File:Pavillon royal de France.svg|thumb|right|150px|Bourbon Flag 1643 design]]

{{align|center|{{Superimpose2
     |base = Flag of France.svg
     |base_width = 600px
     |base_alt=
     |float = Pavillon royal de France.svg
     |float_width = 200px
     |float_alt =
     |float_caption= A version of the Tricolore incorporating the Boubon Fleur-de-lis
     |float_link=
     |x = 200
     |y = 0
     | float2 = Pavillon royal de France.svg
     | float2_width = 200px
     | float2_alt = 
     | float2_caption = 
     | link2 = 
     | x2 = 200
     | y2 = 130
     | t2 = 
     | float3 = Pavillon royal de France.svg
     | float3_width = 200px
     | float3_alt = 
     | float3_caption = 
     | link3 = 
     | x3 = 200
     | y3 = 260
     | t3 = 
     }}}}



{{align|center|{{Superimpose2
     |base = Flag of France.svg
     |base_width = 600px
     |base_alt=
     |float = Flag of Royalist France.svg
     |float_width = 200px
     |float_alt =
     |float_caption= A version of the Tricolore incorporating the Boubon Fleur-de-lis
     |float_link=
     |x = 200
     |y = 130
     | float2 = Flag of Royalist France.svg
     | float2_width = 200px
     | float2_alt = 
     | float2_caption = 
     | link2 = 
     | x2 = 200
     | y2 = 0
     | t2 = 
     | float3 = Flag of Royalist France.svg
     | float3_width = 200px
     | float3_alt = 
     | float3_caption = 
     | link3 = 
     | x3 = 200
     | y3 = 260
     | t3 =
     }}}}



{{align|center|{{Superimpose2
     |base = Flag of France.svg
     |base_width = 600px
     |base_alt=
     |float = Flag of Royalist France.svg
     |float_width = 200px
     |float_alt =
     |float_caption= A version of the Tricolore incorporating the Boubon Fleur-de-lis
     |float_link=
     |x = 200
     |y = 130
     }}}}


[[File:Royal Standard of Louis-Philippe I of France (1830–1848).svg|thumb|center|400px|Royal Standard of Louis-Philippe I of France (1830–1848)]]

[[File:Henri d'Artois' Flag of France (proposed).svg|thumb|center|400px|Henri d'Artois' Flag of France (proposed)]]


[[File:Flag of Constitutional Royal France no Crown.svg|thumb|center|400px|Constitutionalist Flag of France (proposed), no crown]]

=[[Bonapartist]]=


[[File:Imperial Standard of Napoléon Eugène Bonaparte.svg|thumb|center|500px|Imperial Standard of Napoléon III, 1873–1879]]

=Officers of the Republic=
<gallery class="center">
File:Marque mindef.svg|Flag of the [[Minister of the Armed Forces (France)|Ministre des Armées]]
File:Marque CEMA.svg|[[Chief of the Defence Staff (France)|Chef d'État-Major des Armées [CEMA]]]
File:Flag of Marshal of France.svg|[[Marshal of France]]
File:Marque CEMAT.svg|[[Chief of Staff of the French Army]]
File:Marque CEMM.svg|[[Chief of Staff of the French Navy]]
File:Marque CEMAA.svg|[[Chief of Staff of the French Air Force]]
</gallery>



<gallery class="center">
File:Marque amiral.svg|Admiral of the French Navy
File:Marque VAE.svg|Vice-Admiral D'escadre of the French Navy
File:Marque VA.svg|Vice-Admiral of the French Navy
File:Contre-Amiral.svg|Contre-Admiral of the French Navy
File:Marque-capitaine-de-vaisseau-chef-division.svg|Capitaine de Vaisseau of the French Navy (Division).svg
File:Marque-capitaine-de-vaisseau.svg| Capitaine de Vaisseau of the French Navy (Unit) & Harbour Commanding Officer
</gallery>

=[[User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26/Box 3|Legion of Honour]]=


{{transcluded section|part=yes|User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26/Box 3}}
{{trim|{{#section::User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26/Box 3|Croix d'Legion d'Honneur}} }}
{{trim|{{#section::User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26/Box 3|Table de Legion d'Honneur}} }}

=[[User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26/Box 1|Armorial Presidents of the French Republic]]=


=[[User:JMvanDijk/Sandbox 9/Box 26/Box 2|Marques of Presidents of the French Republic]]=