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{{Short description|Agricultural Science Company}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Metabolix, Inc.
| name = Yield10 Bioscience
| logo = [[Image:Metabolix Logo.jpg|180px]]
| logo =
| logo_size = 180px
| caption =
| caption =
| type =
| type =
| traded_as = {{Nasdaq|MBLX}}
| traded_as = {{NASDAQ|YTEN}}
| genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies -->
| genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies -->
| fate =
| fate =
Line 12: Line 15:
| founder =
| founder =
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location_city = Cambridge, MA
| location_city = Woburn, MA
| location_country = USA
| location_country = USA
| locations =
| locations =
| area_served =
| area_served =
| key_people = Richard P. Eno ([[CEO]]), Anthony J. Sinskey (Founder), Joseph D. Hill ([[CFO]]), Oliver P. Peoples ([[Chief Science Officer|CSO]])
| key_people = Anthony J. Sinskey (Co-Founder), Oliver P. Peoples ([[CEO]]), Kristi Snell ([[Chief Science Officer|CSO]])
| industry = Specialty Chemicals
| industry =
| products =
| products =
| production =
| production =
| services =
| services =
| revenue = {{ubl|{{increase}}[[United States dollar|US$]]1,425,000 (2011)|US$448,000 (2010)}}
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| operating_income = {{ubl|{{increase}}[[United States dollar|US$]]-38,861,000 (2011)|US$-38,939,000 (2010)}}
| net_income =
| net_income = {{ubl|{{increase}}[[United States dollar|US$]]-38,785,000 (2011)|US$-38,803,000 (2010)}}
| aum = <!-- Only used with financial services companies -->
| aum = <!-- Only used with financial services companies -->
| assets =
| assets =
| equity =
| equity =
| owner = [[Fidelity Investments]], Jack Schuler, [[State Farm Insurance]], others
| owner =
| num_employees = 119
| num_employees =
| parent =
| parent =
| divisions =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| subsid =
| homepage = <!-- {{URL|examplesite.com}} -->
| homepage = {{URL|www.yield10bio.com}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| intl =
| intl =
}}
}}
'''Yield10 Bioscience''' (formerly '''Metabolix, Inc.''') is a company developing new technologies to achieve improvements in [[crop yield]] to enhance global food security.
Metabolix is a [[bioplastics]] technology development and commercialization company. It is a spinoff of the [[University of Massachusetts Lowell]]


==Joint Venture==
==History==
Founded in 1992, with the help of a licensing agreement with [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT),<ref name="Annual-Report">{{cite web |url = https://ir.yield10bio.com/static-files/19aff746-0439-4502-930f-35ec4f648d95 |title = Metabolix, Inc. Annual Report 2013 |date = 2014-03-28 |access-date= 2021-10-25}}</ref> Metabolix, Inc. is a bioscience company with headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Metabolix provides sustainable solutions to the plastic, chemical and energy industries. Oliver Peoples, Ph.D., and Anthony Sinskey, Ph.D., co-founded Metabolix after work at the (MIT) that identified the elementary methods and means for engineering [[polyhydroxyalkanoates]] production in plants and bacteria, thus making them biodegradable.<ref name="Trafton">{{cite journal |url = http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/bioplastics.html |title = One word: bioplastics |last = Trafton |first = Anne |publisher = MIT |date = 2009-11-17 |journal = MIT News Office |access-date= 2013-03-01}}</ref>
On January 13, 2012 ADM announced that it was scrapping the joint venture. Metabolix's stock plunged 56% to $2.64 immediately following this announcement,{{sfn|Lad|2012}} leading to a class action suit.


In early 2017, Metabolix became Yield10 Bioscience, its crop research program.<ref>{{cite journal |url = https://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2017/01/08/switchcraft-metabolix-bioconverts-itself-into-yield10-focuses-on-crop-yields/ |title = Switchcraft: Metabolix bioconverts itself into Yield10, focuses on crop yields |last = Lane |first = Jim |date = 2017-01-08 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref>
==Lawsuit==

Following the collapse of the Telles joint venture, shareholders of Metabolix filed a class-action lawsuit claiming that executives knowingly misled them about the viability of the production process of Mirel. The case, Coyne et al v. Metabolix, Inc., was filed on February 17, 2012 in Boston's federal court, citing [[Securities Act of 1933#Civil liability|Section 12(a)(2)]] of the [[Securities Act of 1933]]. It names executives Eno and Hill in addition to Metabolix. {{sfn|Block & Leviton LLP Files Securities Class Action Against Metabolix, Inc.|2012}}{{sfn|Coyne et al v. Metabolix, Inc.|2012}}
==Products==

===Crop technologies===

The centerpiece of the Metabolix's plant technology is [[polyhydroxybutyrate]] (PHB), the simplest member of the broad polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family of biopolymers. They have worked with [[switchgrass]], [[camelina]], [[sugarcane]], as well as [[tobacco]].<ref name="Crop Technologies">{{Cite web|title=Yield10Bio|url=https://www.yield10bio.com/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=www.yield10bio.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2009, Metabolix completed a field trial producing PHA in a tobacco crop.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/22/idUS228482+22-Oct-2009+BW20091022 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411180534/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/22/idUS228482+22-Oct-2009+BW20091022 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2013-04-11 |title = Metabolix Completes Field Trial of Bioplastic-Producing Tobacco Crop |website = [[Reuters]] |date = 2009-10-22 |access-date = 2013-03-01}}</ref>

In 2012, Metabolix secured an [[ARPA-E]] grant to improve productivity of biofuel production in plants, specifically camelina.<ref name="Seiffert_2">{{cite web |url = http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/mass-high-tech/2012/12/metabolix-stock-up-20-percent-after-arpa.html?page=all |title = Metabolix stock up 20 percent after ARPA-E grant |last = Seiffert |first = Don |publisher = Boston Business Journal |date = 2012-12-06 |work= Mass High Tech |access-date= 2013-03-01}}</ref>

In 2011, Metabolix was awarded a $6.0 million grant to produce PHB in switchgrass and to develop methods to thermally convert the PHB-containing switchgrass to crotonic acid and a higher density residual biomass fraction for production of biofuel.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://ir.yield10bio.com/static-files/2201fe9c-cb71-4ee9-a718-dd907883c720 |title = U.S. Department of Energy Awards Metabolix $6 Million Grant to Develop Renewable Biofuels |date = 2011-05-16 |access-date = 2013-03-01}}</ref>

In 2017, Yield10 participated in a Department of Energy program to help boost Camelina oilseed. <ref>{{cite web |url = https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2017/10m-doe-grant-to-help-boost-camelina-oilseed-yield/ |title = $10M DOE GRANT TO HELP BOOST CAMELINA OILSEED YIELD |last = Schnell |first = Danny |date = 2017-09-14 |access-date = 2019-05-09}}</ref>

===Platforms===

====C3====
C3 is the most common form of photosynthesis, existing in most crops suitable for human consumption, including wheat, canola, soybean and rice.
In 2019 Yield10 announced results from its 2018 field test, claiming that its C3003 gene trait showed an 11% increase in seed yield among canola crops, when compared to control plants. Similarly, C3003 met its objectives for soybean yield, and showed an increase in Camelina.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.seedquest.com/news.php?type=news&id_article=103694&id_region=&id_category=&id_crop= |title = Yield10 Bioscience reports encouraging results from 2018 field tests of C3003 and announces advancement of C3003 into commercial development for canola |date = 2019-01-15 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref>

====C4====
C4 photosynthesis plants, like corn and sugar cane, possess a more complex system of metabolic pathways.<ref name="products">[https://www.yield10bio.com/crop-science/novel-crop-traits Novel Crop Traits]</ref>
In 2018, Yield reported promising results for its C3004 gene trait in Camelina lines, following growth chamber studies.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://sciencetrends.com/increasing-crop-yield-through-smart-approaches-in-trait-discovery/ |title = Increasing Crop Yield Through Smart Approaches In Trait Discovery |date = 2018-11-03 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref>

====CRISPR====
Yield10 has also commenced development of CRISPR-enabled technology to impact crop yield. The company received a nonregulated status letter from the USDA-APHIS Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS) acknowledging that its camelina line has had a gene disrupted using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulting in the desired phenotype.

====PHA-based Biomaterials====
In 2019, Yield10 filed a U.S. Patent application for new technology enabling low-cost production of PHA-based biomaterials, knowing for their use in water treatment to remove nitrogen and phosphates, to maintain the viability and vigor of Camelina seed.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://bioplasticsnews.com/2019/06/18/yield10-bioscience-files-patent-for-new-pha-biomaterials-technology/ |title = Yield10 Bioscience Files Patent For New PHA Biomaterials Technology |last = Barrett |first = Axel |date = 2019-06-18 |access-date= 2019-09-05}}</ref>

==Partnerships==
In 2018, Yield10 was granted a non-exclusive research license to CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology by DowDuPont’s agricultural business, Corteva Agriscience, and the non-profit Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://agrow.agribusinessintelligence.informa.com/AG030054/Yield10-gains-CRISPR-licence-from-DowDuPontBroad-Institute |title = Yield10 gains CRISPR licence from DowDuPont/Broad Institute |last = Beer |first = Andy |date = 2018-08-10 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref>
The Company also has established a partnership with University of Missouri, exercising an option with the University to obtain exclusive worldwide licenses to advanced technologies for oilseed crops.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://techtransfercentral.com/2018/05/30/u-of-missouri-inks-license-for-gene-technologies-to-increase-oil-content-in-crops/ |title = U of Missouri inks license for gene technologies to increase oil content in crops |last = Schwartz |first = Jesse |date = 2018-05-30 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.agri-pulse.com/articles/10492-the-promise-and-potential-for-new-plant-varieties |title = The promise and potential for new plant varieties |last = Wyant |first = Sara |date = 2018-01-22 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref> The relationship expanded in 2019 to include a new gene target.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://finance.yahoo.com/news/yield10-bioscience-signs-exclusive-worldwide-123000358.html |title = Yield10 Bioscience Signs Exclusive Worldwide License with University of Missouri for Advanced Technology Used to Boost Oil Content in Crops |publisher = Globe Newswire |date = 2019-05-08 |access-date= 2019-05-09}}</ref> In 2018, Yield10 was granted a non-exclusive research license to Forage Genetics International, LLC, a subsidiary of Land O’Lakes, Inc., to conduct research with the novel traits within its forage sorghum development program as a strategy to improve biomass yields.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/09/21/1574300/0/en/Yield10-Bioscience-Grants-Research-License-to-Forage-Genetics-to-Evaluate-Novel-Yield-Traits-in-Sorghum.html |title = Yield10 Bioscience Grants Research License to Forage Genetics to Evaluate Novel Yield Traits in Sorghum |date = 2018-09-21 |access-date= 2019-09-05}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|30em}}


==References==
==References==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite news
| title = Block & Leviton LLP Files Securities Class Action Against Metabolix, Inc.
| work = Reuters
| location = Boston
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
⚫
| date = 2012-03-27
| url =http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/MBLX.O/key-developments/article/2509314
}}
*{{Cite web
*{{Cite web
| title = Coyne et al v. Metabolix, Inc.
| title = Coyne et al v. Metabolix, Inc.
| work = Justia Dockets & Filings
| work = Justia Dockets & Filings
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
| access-date = 2012-10-04
| url = http://dockets.justia.com/docket/massachusetts/madce/1:2012cv10318/142176/
| url = http://dockets.justia.com/docket/massachusetts/madce/1:2012cv10318/142176/
}}
}}
*{{Cite news
*{{Cite web
| title = Environmentally Friendly Plastic Cutlery Takes Step Forward with Contract Award to Metabolix
| last = Jewell
⚫
| work = Metabolix, Inc. Press Release
| first = Mark
⚫
| access-date = 2003-11-04
| title = Makers of emerging plant-based plastics hope to carve larger market niche
| url = https://ir.yield10bio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/environmentally-friendly-plastic-cutlery-takes-step-forward
⚫
| work = Associated Press Archive
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
⚫
| date = 2007-10-19
| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/11CB19CB784C6E08/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang
}}
}}
*{{Cite news
*{{Cite news
| edition = All Editions
| issn = n/a
| pages = 19
| last = Jewell
| last = Jewell
| first = Mark
| first = Mark
⚫
| title = 'Bioplastics' carve niche in market
| title = How 'green' are new bioplastics? - They may be biodegradable but otherwise aren't so environmentally friendly
| work = Grand Rapids Press
| work = The Salt Lake City Tribune
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
| access-date = 2013-02-25
| date = 2007-10-28
| date = 2007-10-22
| url = http://www.sltrib.com/business/ci_7245386
| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/11C9D95840992320/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang
}}
}}
*{{Cite news
*{{Cite news
Line 89: Line 111:
| title = I Have Just One Word for You: Bioplastics
| title = I Have Just One Word for You: Bioplastics
| work = BusinessWeek: magazine
| work = BusinessWeek: magazine
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
| access-date = 2012-10-04
| date = 2008-08-13
| date = 2008-08-13
| url = http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-08-13/i-have-just-one-word-for-you-bioplastics
| url = http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-08-13/i-have-just-one-word-for-you-bioplastics
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120816072511/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-08-13/i-have-just-one-word-for-you-bioplastics
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = August 16, 2012
}}
}}
*{{Cite news
*{{Cite news
Line 99: Line 124:
| work = Reuters
| work = Reuters
| location = Bangalore
| location = Bangalore
| accessdate = 2013-02-25
| access-date = 2013-02-25
| date = 2012-01-13
| date = 2012-01-13
| url =http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/13/us-metabolixinc-shares-idUSTRE80C13N20120113
| url =https://www.reuters.com/article/us-metabolixinc-shares-idUSTRE80C13N20120113
}}
}}
*{{Cite web
*{{Cite web
Line 108: Line 133:
| title = Metabolix grows bioplastics in switchgrass
| title = Metabolix grows bioplastics in switchgrass
| work = CNET
| work = CNET
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
| access-date = 2012-10-04
| date = 2008-08-11
| date = 2008-08-11
| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10014357-54.html
| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10014357-54.html
Line 117: Line 142:
| title = Bioplastics Man
| title = Bioplastics Man
| work = Seed Magazine
| work = Seed Magazine
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
| access-date = 2012-10-04
| date = 2009-11-10
| date = 2009-11-10
| url = http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/bioplastics_man/P1/
| url = http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/bioplastics_man/P1/
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091113051632/http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/bioplastics_man/P1
}}
| url-status = unfit
*{{Cite news
⚫
| archive-date = 2009-11-13
| edition = ALL
| issn = 0738-5854
| pages = 23
| last = Szaniszlo
| first = Marie
⚫
| title = Bioplastics firm sued after major deal fails
| work = Boston Herald
| accessdate = 2012-10-04
| date = 2012-02-22
| url = http://bostonherald.com/business/technology/general/view/20220222bioplastics_firm_sued_after_major_deal_fails
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
Line 137: Line 153:
==External links==
==External links==


*[https://www.yield10bio.com/ Official website]
{{Company-stub}}
[[Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq]]

[[Category:Bioplastics]]

Latest revision as of 07:27, 3 April 2023

Yield10 Bioscience
Nasdaq: YTEN
Headquarters
Woburn, MA
,
USA
Key people
Anthony J. Sinskey (Co-Founder), Oliver P. Peoples (CEO), Kristi Snell (CSO)
Websitewww.yield10bio.com

Yield10 Bioscience (formerly Metabolix, Inc.) is a company developing new technologies to achieve improvements in crop yield to enhance global food security.

History

[edit]

Founded in 1992, with the help of a licensing agreement with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),[1] Metabolix, Inc. is a bioscience company with headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Metabolix provides sustainable solutions to the plastic, chemical and energy industries. Oliver Peoples, Ph.D., and Anthony Sinskey, Ph.D., co-founded Metabolix after work at the (MIT) that identified the elementary methods and means for engineering polyhydroxyalkanoates production in plants and bacteria, thus making them biodegradable.[2]

In early 2017, Metabolix became Yield10 Bioscience, its crop research program.[3]

Products

[edit]

Crop technologies

[edit]

The centerpiece of the Metabolix's plant technology is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), the simplest member of the broad polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family of biopolymers. They have worked with switchgrass, camelina, sugarcane, as well as tobacco.[4]

In 2009, Metabolix completed a field trial producing PHA in a tobacco crop.[5]

In 2012, Metabolix secured an ARPA-E grant to improve productivity of biofuel production in plants, specifically camelina.[6]

In 2011, Metabolix was awarded a $6.0 million grant to produce PHB in switchgrass and to develop methods to thermally convert the PHB-containing switchgrass to crotonic acid and a higher density residual biomass fraction for production of biofuel.[7]

In 2017, Yield10 participated in a Department of Energy program to help boost Camelina oilseed. [8]

Platforms

[edit]

C3

[edit]

C3 is the most common form of photosynthesis, existing in most crops suitable for human consumption, including wheat, canola, soybean and rice. In 2019 Yield10 announced results from its 2018 field test, claiming that its C3003 gene trait showed an 11% increase in seed yield among canola crops, when compared to control plants. Similarly, C3003 met its objectives for soybean yield, and showed an increase in Camelina.[9]

C4

[edit]

C4 photosynthesis plants, like corn and sugar cane, possess a more complex system of metabolic pathways.[10] In 2018, Yield reported promising results for its C3004 gene trait in Camelina lines, following growth chamber studies.[11]

CRISPR

[edit]

Yield10 has also commenced development of CRISPR-enabled technology to impact crop yield. The company received a nonregulated status letter from the USDA-APHIS Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS) acknowledging that its camelina line has had a gene disrupted using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulting in the desired phenotype.

PHA-based Biomaterials

[edit]

In 2019, Yield10 filed a U.S. Patent application for new technology enabling low-cost production of PHA-based biomaterials, knowing for their use in water treatment to remove nitrogen and phosphates, to maintain the viability and vigor of Camelina seed.[12]

Partnerships

[edit]

In 2018, Yield10 was granted a non-exclusive research license to CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology by DowDuPont’s agricultural business, Corteva Agriscience, and the non-profit Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.[13] The Company also has established a partnership with University of Missouri, exercising an option with the University to obtain exclusive worldwide licenses to advanced technologies for oilseed crops.[14][15] The relationship expanded in 2019 to include a new gene target.[16] In 2018, Yield10 was granted a non-exclusive research license to Forage Genetics International, LLC, a subsidiary of Land O’Lakes, Inc., to conduct research with the novel traits within its forage sorghum development program as a strategy to improve biomass yields.[17]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Metabolix, Inc. Annual Report 2013". 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  2. ^ Trafton, Anne (2009-11-17). "One word: bioplastics". MIT News Office. MIT. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  3. ^ Lane, Jim (2017-01-08). "Switchcraft: Metabolix bioconverts itself into Yield10, focuses on crop yields". Retrieved 2019-05-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ "Yield10Bio". www.yield10bio.com. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  5. ^ "Metabolix Completes Field Trial of Bioplastic-Producing Tobacco Crop". Reuters. 2009-10-22. Archived from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  6. ^ Seiffert, Don (2012-12-06). "Metabolix stock up 20 percent after ARPA-E grant". Mass High Tech. Boston Business Journal. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  7. ^ "U.S. Department of Energy Awards Metabolix $6 Million Grant to Develop Renewable Biofuels". 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
  8. ^ Schnell, Danny (2017-09-14). "$10M DOE GRANT TO HELP BOOST CAMELINA OILSEED YIELD". Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  9. ^ "Yield10 Bioscience reports encouraging results from 2018 field tests of C3003 and announces advancement of C3003 into commercial development for canola". 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  10. ^ Novel Crop Traits
  11. ^ "Increasing Crop Yield Through Smart Approaches In Trait Discovery". 2018-11-03. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  12. ^ Barrett, Axel (2019-06-18). "Yield10 Bioscience Files Patent For New PHA Biomaterials Technology". Retrieved 2019-09-05.
  13. ^ Beer, Andy (2018-08-10). "Yield10 gains CRISPR licence from DowDuPont/Broad Institute". Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  14. ^ Schwartz, Jesse (2018-05-30). "U of Missouri inks license for gene technologies to increase oil content in crops". Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  15. ^ Wyant, Sara (2018-01-22). "The promise and potential for new plant varieties". Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  16. ^ "Yield10 Bioscience Signs Exclusive Worldwide License with University of Missouri for Advanced Technology Used to Boost Oil Content in Crops". Globe Newswire. 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  17. ^ "Yield10 Bioscience Grants Research License to Forage Genetics to Evaluate Novel Yield Traits in Sorghum". 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2019-09-05.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yield10_Bioscience&oldid=1147961210"