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{{short description|Gallic tribe}} |
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A [[List of peoples of Gaul|Gaulish people]], the '''Medulli''' belonged to the group of mountain tribes controlling access to high Alps passes, along with the [[Centrones]] in [[Tarentaise Valley]] and the [[Salassi]] in [[Aosta Valley]], especially for the trade of metals ([[tin]], [[iron]] and [[copper]]). They were established in the middle valleys of the [[Maurienne]], the higher parts being inhabited by the [[Graioceli]]. |
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The '''Medulli''' ([[Gaulish]]: ''Medulloi'') were a [[Gauls|Gallic]] tribe dwelling in the upper valley of [[Maurienne]], around present-day [[Modane]] ([[Savoie]]), during the [[La Tène culture|Iron Age]] and [[Roman period]]. |
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== Name == |
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Their name came from ''Medu'' = "mead". They were integrated in the Province of [[Cottian Alps]] in 16 BCE. |
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They are mentioned as ''Medullorum'' by [[Vitruvius]] (late 1st c. BC),<ref>[[Vitruvius]]. ''De architetura'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/vitruvius-architecture/1931/pb_LCL280.169.xml 8:3:20].</ref> ''Méd(o)ulloi'' (Μέδ<ο>υλλοι) by [[Strabo]] (early 1st c. AD),<ref>[[Strabo]]. ''[[Geographica|Geōgraphiká]]'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/strabo-geography/1917/pb_LCL050.273.xml 4:1:11], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/strabo-geography/1917/pb_LCL050.271.xml? 4:6:5].</ref> ''Medulli'' by [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] (1st c. AD),<ref name="Pliny">[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]]. ''Naturalis Historia'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL352.103.xml 3:20].</ref> and as ''Medoúllous'' (Μεδούλλους) by [[Ptolemy]] (2nd c. AD).<ref>[[Ptolemy]]. ''Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis'', 2:10:7.</ref><ref name="Falileyev">{{Harvnb|Falileyev|2010}}, s.v. ''Medulli''.</ref> |
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The [[ethnonym]] ''Medulli'' is a latinized form of [[Gaulish]] ''Medulloi''. It is generally derived from the [[Proto-Celtic language|Celtic]] root ''medu''-, meaning '[[mead]], alcoholic drink' (cf. [[Old Irish|Olr.]] ''mid'', [[Middle Welsh|MW]]. ''medd'', [[Old Breton|OBret.]] ''medot''), and thus may be translated as 'those who drink [[mead]]'. This interpretation is encouraged by the mention, in [[Vitruvius]]' ''[[De architectura|De architetura]]'', of a "kind of water" (''genus aquae'') drunk by the Medulli.{{Sfn|Delamarre|2003|p=222}}<ref name="Falileyev" /> Alternatively, Javier de Hoz has proposed to glose the name as 'those who lived in the middle', or 'in the border woods', by connecting it to the root *''medhi/u''- ('middle').{{Sfn|de Hoz|2005|p=178}} |
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A branch of the Medulli moved near Bordeaux, in the area named [[Médoc]] after them. |
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== |
== Geography == |
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The Medulli dwelled in the upper [[Maurienne]] valley, along the upper course of the [[Arc (Savoie)|Arc]] river, near the modern town of [[Modane]] (Amonada).{{sfn|Prieur|1968|p=78}}{{sfn|Barruol|1969|p=|pp=334–337}}{{sfn|Dietz|2006}} Their territory was located east of the [[Graioceli]] (themselves east of the [[Vocontii]]), north of the [[Brigianii]] and [[Quariates]], west of the [[Segusini]], and south of the [[Ceutrones]] (themselves south of the [[Allobroges]]).<ref>{{Harvnb|Talbert|2000}}, Map 17: Lugdunum.</ref> |
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* Strabo Geography Book IV Chapter 6 |
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They belonged to the tribes governed by [[Cottius]] in Alpes Taurinae and were later integrated into the province of [[Alpes Cottiae]].{{sfn|Dietz|2006}} |
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== History == |
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They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the [[Tropaeum Alpium]].{{sfn|Dietz|2006}}<ref name="Pliny" /> They also appear on the [[Arch of Augustus (Susa)|Arch of Susa]], erected by [[Cottius]] in 9–8 BC.{{sfn|Barruol|1969|p=32}} |
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According to [[Vitruvius]], they were particularly prone to suffer from [[goitre]].{{sfn|Dietz|2006}} |
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{{Blockquote|text=Among the Aquiculi in Italy and among the tribe of the Medulli in the Alps, there is a kind of water which causes goitre among those who drink it.|source={{harvnb|Vitruvius|1934}}, ''De Architectura'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/vitruvius-architecture/1931/pb_LCL280.169.xml 8:3:20].}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Gauls]] |
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* [[Caturiges]] |
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* [[Ceutrones]] |
* [[Ceutrones]] |
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* [[Graioceli]] |
* [[Graioceli]] |
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* [[Segusini]] |
* [[Segusini]] |
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* [[Vocontii]] |
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== References == |
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* [[List of Celtic tribes]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
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=== Primary sources === |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Pliny|title=Natural History|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1938|isbn=978-0674993648|series=Loeb Classical Library|translator-last=Rackham|translator-first=H.|author-link=Pliny the Elder}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Strabo|title=Geography|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1923|isbn=978-0674990562|series=Loeb Classical Library|translator-last=Jones|translator-first=Horace L.|author-link=Strabo}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Vitruvius|title=On Architecture|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1934|isbn=978-0674993099 |series=Loeb Classical Library|translator-last=Granger|translator-first=Frank|author-link=Vitruvius}} |
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{{refend}} |
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=== Bibliography === |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Barruol|first=Guy|title=Les Peuples préromains du Sud-Est de la Gaule: étude de géographie historique|date=1969|publisher=E. de Boccard|oclc=3279201|author-link=Guy Barruol}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Delamarre|first=Xavier|title=Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental|year=2003|publisher=Errance|isbn=9782877723695|author-link=Xavier Delamarre}} |
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*{{cite book|last=de Hoz|first=Javier|year=2005|chapter=Ptolemy and the linguistic history of the Narbonensis|title=New approaches to Celtic place-names in Ptolemy's Geography|editor-last=de Hoz|editor-first=Javier|editor-last2=Luján|editor-first2=Eugenio R.|editor-last3=Sims-Williams|editor-first3=Patrick|publisher=Ediciones Clásicas|pages=173–188|isbn=978-8478825721|author-link=Javier de Hoz}} |
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*{{Cite journal|last=Dietz|first=Karlheinz|date=2006|title=Medulli|journal=Brill's New Pauly|doi=10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e728780}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Falileyev|first=Alexander|title=Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World|publisher=CMCS|year=2010|isbn=978-0955718236}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Prieur|first=Jean|title=La province romaine des Alpes Cottiennes|date=1968|publisher=Impr. R. Gauthier|oclc=834310867}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Talbert|first=Richard J. A.|title=Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0691031699|author-link=Richard Talbert}} |
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{{refend}} |
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== Further reading == |
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{{Gallic peoples}} |
{{Gallic peoples}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Historical Celtic peoples]] |
[[Category:Historical Celtic peoples]] |
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[[Category:Gauls]] |
[[Category:Gauls]] |
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[[Category:Tribes |
[[Category:Tribes in pre-Roman Gaul]] |
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[[Category:History of Savoy]] |
[[Category:History of Savoy]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:18, 23 January 2024
The Medulli (Gaulish: Medulloi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the upper valley of Maurienne, around present-day Modane (Savoie), during the Iron Age and Roman period.
Name
[edit]They are mentioned as Medullorum by Vitruvius (late 1st c. BC),[1] Méd(o)ulloi (Μέδ<ο>υλλοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD),[2] Medulli by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3] and as Medoúllous (Μεδούλλους) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).[4][5]
The ethnonym Medulli is a latinized form of Gaulish Medulloi. It is generally derived from the Celtic root medu-, meaning 'mead, alcoholic drink' (cf. Olr. mid, MW. medd, OBret. medot), and thus may be translated as 'those who drink mead'. This interpretation is encouraged by the mention, in Vitruvius' De architetura, of a "kind of water" (genus aquae) drunk by the Medulli.[6][5] Alternatively, Javier de Hoz has proposed to glose the name as 'those who lived in the middle', or 'in the border woods', by connecting it to the root *medhi/u- ('middle').[7]
Geography
[edit]The Medulli dwelled in the upper Maurienne valley, along the upper course of the Arc river, near the modern town of Modane (Amonada).[8][9][10] Their territory was located east of the Graioceli (themselves east of the Vocontii), north of the Brigianii and Quariates, west of the Segusini, and south of the Ceutrones (themselves south of the Allobroges).[11]
They belonged to the tribes governed by Cottius in Alpes Taurinae and were later integrated into the province of Alpes Cottiae.[10]
History
[edit]They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium.[10][3] They also appear on the Arch of Susa, erected by Cottius in 9–8 BC.[12]
According to Vitruvius, they were particularly prone to suffer from goitre.[10]
Among the Aquiculi in Italy and among the tribe of the Medulli in the Alps, there is a kind of water which causes goitre among those who drink it.
— Vitruvius 1934, De Architectura, 8:3:20.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Vitruvius. De architetura, 8:3:20.
- ^ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:1:11, 4:6:5.
- ^ a b Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:20.
- ^ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:10:7.
- ^ a b Falileyev 2010, s.v. Medulli.
- ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 222.
- ^ de Hoz 2005, p. 178.
- ^ Prieur 1968, p. 78.
- ^ Barruol 1969, pp. 334–337.
- ^ a b c d Dietz 2006.
- ^ Talbert 2000, Map 17: Lugdunum.
- ^ Barruol 1969, p. 32.
Primary sources
[edit]- Pliny (1938). Natural History. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rackham, H. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674993648.
- Strabo (1923). Geography. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Jones, Horace L. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674990562.
- Vitruvius (1934). On Architecture. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Granger, Frank. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674993099.
Bibliography
[edit]- Barruol, Guy (1969). Les Peuples préromains du Sud-Est de la Gaule: étude de géographie historique. E. de Boccard. OCLC 3279201.
- Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695.
- de Hoz, Javier (2005). "Ptolemy and the linguistic history of the Narbonensis". In de Hoz, Javier; Luján, Eugenio R.; Sims-Williams, Patrick (eds.). New approaches to Celtic place-names in Ptolemy's Geography. Ediciones Clásicas. pp. 173–188. ISBN 978-8478825721.
- Dietz, Karlheinz (2006). "Medulli". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e728780.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- Prieur, Jean (1968). La province romaine des Alpes Cottiennes. Impr. R. Gauthier. OCLC 834310867.
- Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699.
Further reading
[edit]- L. Comby 1977, Histoire des Savoyards, Nathan
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