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FS-1016 (also called FED-STD-1016) is a deprecated secure telephony speech encoding standard for Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) developed by the United States Department of Defense and finalized February 14, 1991.^[1]

Unlike the vocoder used in FS-1015, CELP provides more natural speech. However, due to quite low bit rate and early development (1991), the speech quality is very noisy and below that of commercial cellular speech codec, such as AMR. FS-1016 is no longer used since its follow-up MELP provides better performance in all applications.

Technical details

The bit rate of the codec is 4.8 kbit/s. The complexity of the codec is 19 MIPS. The RAM requirement is 1.5 kilobytes. Frame size of the codec is 30 ms. Look-ahead of 7.5 ms is also required.

The variation of CELP used in the FS-1016 is so-called ternary codebook, meaning that all excitation amplitudes are either +1, −1 or 0. The sub frame gain is calculated and sent to the receiver.

References

^ "FED-STD-1016, FEDERAL STANDARD: TELECOMMUNICATIONS: ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION OF RADIO VOICE BY 4,800 BIT/SECOND CODE EXCITED LINEAR PREDICTION (CELP) (14 FEB 1991)". Retrieved 2018-08-17.

External links

"CELP-3.2a and LPC-10" Archived 2016-12-12 at the Wayback Machine Speech at Carnegie Mellon University

This article related to telecommunications is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "FED-STD-1016, FEDERAL STANDARD: TELECOMMUNICATIONS: ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION OF RADIO VOICE BY 4,800 BIT/SECOND CODE EXCITED LINEAR PREDICTION (CELP) (14 FEB 1991)". Retrieved 2018-08-17.

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+{{more footnotes|date=November 2015}}
-'''FS-1016''' is a deprecated [[secure telephone|secure telephony]] [[speech encoding]] standard developed by the [[United States Department of Defense]].
+'''FS-1016''' (also called FED-STD-1016) is a deprecated [[secure telephone|secure telephony]] [[speech encoding]] standard for [[CELP|Code-excited linear prediction (CELP)]] developed by the [[United States Department of Defense]] and finalized February 14, 1991.<ref>{{cite web
-The standard was finished 1991. The [[CELP]] algorithm is used. Unlike the vocoder used in [[FS-1015]], CELP provides more natural speech. However, due to quite low bit rate and early development (1991), the speech quality is very noisy and below that of commercial cellular speech codec like [[Adaptive Multi-Rate|AMR]].
+ | url = http://everyspec.com/FED-STD/FED-STD-1016_23395/
+ | title = FED-STD-1016, FEDERAL STANDARD: TELECOMMUNICATIONS: ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION OF RADIO VOICE BY 4,800 BIT/SECOND CODE EXCITED LINEAR PREDICTION (CELP) (14 FEB 1991)
+ | access-date = 2018-08-17
+}}</ref>
+Unlike the vocoder used in [[FS-1015]], [[CELP]] provides more natural speech. However, due to quite low bit rate and early development (1991), the speech quality is very noisy and below that of commercial cellular speech codec, such as [[Adaptive Multi-Rate|AMR]]. FS-1016 is no longer used since its follow-up [[MELP]] provides better performance in all applications.
-The bit rate of the codec is 4.8 kbit/s. The complexity of the codec is 19 [[instructions per second|MIPS]]. 1.5 kilobytes of [[Random access memory|RAM]] is needed. Frame size of the codec is 30 ms. [[Lookahead]] of 7.5 ms is also required.
+==Technical details==
-The variation of CELP used in the FS-1016 is so-called ternary codebook, meaning that all excitation amplitudes are either +1, -1 or 0. The sub frame gain is calculated and sent to the receiver.
+The bit rate of the codec is 4.8&nbsp;kbit/s. The complexity of the codec is 19 [[instructions per second|MIPS]]. The [[Random access memory|RAM]] requirement is 1.5 kilobytes. Frame size of the codec is 30&nbsp;ms. [[Dynamic range compression#Look-ahead|Look-ahead]] of 7.5&nbsp;ms is also required.
+The variation of [[CELP]] used in the FS-1016 is so-called ternary codebook, meaning that all excitation amplitudes are either +1, −1 or 0. The sub frame gain is calculated and sent to the receiver.
-The FS-1016 is currently not used since its follower [[MELP]] provides better performance in all applications.
+==References==
+<references/>
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/comp.speech/Section3/Software/celp-3.2a.html CELP-3.2a and LPC-10]
+* [http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/comp.speech/Section3/Software/celp-3.2a.html "CELP-3.2a and LPC-10"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212000335/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/comp.speech/Section3/Software/celp-3.2a.html |date=2016-12-12 }} Speech at Carnegie Mellon University
 [[Category:Speech codecs]]
+{{telecom-stub}}