1851 in paleontology: Difference between revisions

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1851.

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Toxorhina brevipalpa^[2]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Loew	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Limoniid cranefly, jr syn of Elephantomyia brevipalpa	Elephantomyia brevipalpa
Toxorhina longirostris^[2]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Loew	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Limoniid cranefly, jr syn of Elephantomyia longirostris	Elephantomyia longirostris
Toxorhina pulchella^[2]	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Loew	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Limoniid cranefly, jr syn of Elephantomyia pulchella	Elephantomyia pulchella

Archosauromorphs

Newly named phytosaurs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Clepsysaurus^[3]	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	Lea	Late Triassic (Norian)	Passaic Formation	United States	Dubious genus phytosaur.

Plesiosaurs

Newly named plesiosaurs

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cimoliasaurus	Valid	Leidy		Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Navesink Formation	United States	An elasmosaurid.
Discosaurus	Valid	Leidy		Late Cretaceous		United States	A dubious elasmosaurid.

References

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117434. PMC 4338262. PMID 25706127.
^ Lea, I. 1851. Remarks on the bones of a fossil reptilian quadruped. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 5: pp. 171-172.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Kania2015-2] Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117434. PMC 4338262. PMID 25706127.

[3] Lea, I. 1851. Remarks on the bones of a fossil reptilian quadruped. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 5: pp. 171-172.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
 {{Year nav topic5|1851|paleontology|science}}
 {{Year in paleontology header|1851}}
-==Dinosaurs==
+==Arthropods==
-===Newly named dinosaurs===
+===Insects===
-{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" style="width: 100%;
+{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
+|-
+! Name
+! Novelty
+! Status
+! Authors
+! Age
+! Unit
+! Location
+! Notes
+! Images
 |-
+|
-!width="90%"|
+''[[Elephantomyia brevipalpa|Toxorhina brevipalpa]]''<ref name="Kania2015">{{cite journal |last1=Kania |first1=I |year=2015 |title= Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus ''Elephantomyia'' Osten Sacken, 1860 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0117434 |pmid=25706127 |pmc=4338262|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1017434K |doi-access=free }}</ref>
-!width="5%"|
+|
-!width="5%"|
+Sp. nov
+|
+jr synonym
+|
+[[Hermann Loew|Loew]]
+|
+[[Middle Eocene]]
+|
+[[Baltic amber]]
+|
+{{Flag|Europe}}
+|
+A [[Limoniidae|Limoniid]] [[cranefly]],<br/> jr syn of [[Elephantomyia brevipalpa]]
+|
+[[File:Elephantomyia brevipalpa specimen MP3323.jpg|thumb|center|150px|''[[Elephantomyia brevipalpa]]'']]
 |-
+|
-|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
+''[[Elephantomyia longirostris|Toxorhina longirostris]]''<ref name="Kania2015"/>
+|
+Sp. nov
+|
+jr synonym
+|
+[[Hermann Loew|Loew]]
+|
+[[Middle Eocene]]
+|
+[[Baltic amber]]
+|
+{{Flag|Europe}}
+|
+A [[Limoniidae|Limoniid]] [[cranefly]],<br/> jr syn of [[Elephantomyia longirostris]]
+|
+[[File:Elephantomyia (E.) longirostris fig 10 body 01.jpg|thumb|center|150px|''[[Elephantomyia longirostris]]'']]
+|-
+|
+''[[Elephantomyia pulchella|Toxorhina pulchella]]''<ref name="Kania2015"/>
+|
+Sp. nov
+|
+jr synonym
+|
+[[Hermann Loew|Loew]]
+|
+[[Middle Eocene]]
+|
+[[Baltic amber]]
+|
+{{Flag|Europe}}
+|
+A [[Limoniidae|Limoniid]] [[cranefly]],<br/> jr syn of [[Elephantomyia pulchella]]
+|
+[[File:Elephantomyia (E.) pulchella Fig 12 body 01.jpg|thumb|center|150px|''[[Elephantomyia pulchella]]'']]
+|-
+|}
+==Archosauromorphs==
+===Newly named phytosaurs===
 {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
 |-
 ! Name
+! Novelty
 ! Status
-! colspan="2" | Authors
+! Authors
+! Age
+! Unit
+! Location
 ! Notes
+! Images
 |-
 |
-''[[Clepsysaurus]]''<ref>Lea, I. 1851. Remarks on the bones of a fossil
+''[[Clepsysaurus]]''<ref>Lea, I. 1851. Remarks on the bones of a fossil reptilian quadruped. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 5: pp. 171-172.</ref>
-reptilian quadruped. Proceedings of the Academy
-of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 5: pp. 171-172.</ref>
-|
-Misidentification
-|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|
-Lea
-|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|
 |
+Gen et sp nov
-Misidentified [[phytosaur]].
-|-
-|}
-|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
-|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
-{| border="0" style= height:"100%" align="right" style="background:transparent;"
-|- style="height:1px"
 |
+[[Nomen dubium]]
-|- style="height:30px"
+|
+Lea
+|
+Late Triassic ([[Norian]])
+|
+[[Passaic Formation]]
+|
+{{Flag|United States}}
+|
+[[Dubious]] genus [[phytosaur]].
 |
-|}
 |-
 |}
 ==Plesiosaurs==
 ===Newly named plesiosaurs===
-{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" style="width: 100%;"
-|-
-!width="90%"|
-!width="5%"|
-!width="5%"|
-|-
-|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
 {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
 |-
@@ Line 56: / Line 119: @@
 ! Status
 ! colspan="2" | Authors
+! Age
+! Unit
+! Location
 ! Notes
 |-
@@ Line 66: / Line 132: @@
 |style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|
 |
+Late Cretaceous ([[Maastrichtian]])
+|
+[[Navesink Formation]]
+|
+{{Flag|United States}}
+|
+An [[elasmosaurid]].
 |-
 |
@@ Line 75: / Line 148: @@
 |style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|
 |
+Late Cretaceous
-|-
-|
-''[[Orophosaurus]]''
-|
-Valid
-|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|
-Cope
-|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|
 |
-|-
-|}
-|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
-|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
-{| border="0" style= height:"100%" align="right" style="background:transparent;"
-|- style="height:1px"
-|
-<!-- [[Image:Anhanguera.jpg|thumb|center|100px|''[[Anhanguera]]''.]] -->
-|- style="height:30px"
 |
+{{Flag|United States}}
-|}
+|
+A dubious elasmosaurid.
 |-
 |}