Collingwood Ingram: Difference between revisions

Collingwood Ingram
Collingwood Ingram
	Ingram in 1905 in England
Born	30 October 1880
Died	19 May 1981 (aged 100); Benenden, Kent, England
Occupation	Ornithologist & horticulturalist
Spouse	Florence Maude Laing (m. 1906)
Children	4
Parents	Sir William Ingram (father); Mary Eliza Collingwood Stirling (mother);
Relatives	Herbert Ingram (paternal grandfather); Edward Stirling (maternal grandfather); Bruce Ingram (brother); Edward Charles Stirling (uncle); Lancelot Stirling (uncle)
Military career
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service / branch	British Army; Royal Air Force
Years of service	1914-1945
Unit	Kent Cyclist Battalion; Royal Flying Corps; Royal Air Force; Home Guard
Battles / wars	World War I; World War II

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Collingwood "Cherry" Ingram (30 October 1880 – 19 May 1981), was a British ornithologist, plant collector and gardener, who was an authority on Japanese flowering cherries.

Personal life

Collingwood Ingram was a son of Sir William Ingram and Mary Eliza Collingwood née Stirling, daughter of Australian politician Edward Stirling.^[1]^[2] His maternal grandfather was born in Jamaica to a Scottish planter and an unnamed woman of colour. He concealed his racial identity and later settled in South Australia, where he was elected to parliament; his sons (Ingram's uncles) Lancelot and Edward Charles Stirling were also members of parliament.^[3]

He was a grandson of Herbert Ingram, founder of The Illustrated London News. Sir William Ingram succeeded Herbert as the owner of the paper, and was a brother of Bruce Ingram, editor from 1900–1963. Collingwood's uncle, Sir Edward Charles Stirling, was a noted anthropologist, physiologist and museum director, with a great interest in the natural world.

On 17 October 1906, Collingwood married Florence Maude Laing, only child of Henry Rudolph Laing, they had four children.

In the First World War, he was first commissioned in the Kent Cyclist Battalion^[4] and was later a compass officer with the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force. In the Second World War, he was commander of his local Home Guard in Benenden, Kent.

He was a collector of Japanese art, especially netsuke, and left his collection to the British Museum.^[5]

Ornithology

In the early 1900s, Sir William Ingram employed Wilfred Stalker to collect bird skins in Australia for Collingwood to identify and catalogue at the London Natural History Museum, resulting in his first major publication.^[6] In 1907 he collected in Japan and for his work there^[7] he was made an Honorary Member of the Ornithological Society of Japan. However his main interest was in the field study of birds; he made the first record of marsh warblers breeding in Kent.^[8] He was an accomplished bird artist.^[9] His planned book on the birds of France was interrupted by the War and never completed, although part emerged as Birds of the Riviera in 1926. His 1916–18 journals record his war experiences and also his off-duty bird observations, with many sketches made behind the lines in northern France. His published war diaries are packed with his pencil sketches of birds, people and landscapes. He interrogated pilots, including Charles Portal, on the height at which birds fly, resulting in a short paper after the War.^[10] He was member of the British Ornithologists' Union for a record 81 years.

Plant collecting and gardening

After the First World War, horticulture took over from ornithology as Collingwood Ingram's dominant interest. He created his famous garden at The Grange in Benenden and collected plants across the world. His outstanding plant-collecting trips were to Japan in 1926 and South Africa in 1927.

A flower of a Taihaku tree at the Flower Association of Japan's Yūki Farm, Yūki, Ibaraki

By 1926, he was a world authority on Japanese cherries and was asked to address the Cherry Society in Japan on their national tree. It was on this visit that he was shown a painting of a beautiful white cherry, then thought to be extinct in Japan. He recognised it as one he had seen in a moribund state in a Sussex garden, the result of an early introduction from Japan. He had taken cuttings and so was able to re-introduce it to the gardening world as ‘Taihaku’, the name meaning 'Great White Cherry'. His 1948 book Ornamental Cherries is a standard work.

In March 2016, a book on his contribution to the survival of Japanese cherries was published in Japan. The author is Naoko Abe, the publisher Iwanami Shoten. An English version with the title Cherry Ingram: the Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms was published in March 2019, together with the American version The Sakura Obsession. This book recounts the important, almost central, role of cherries in the history and culture of Japan, and describes Ingram's contribution. He introduced many Japanese and other species of cherries to the United Kingdom, as well as his own hybrids.

Ingram introduced many new garden plants, including Prunus × incam ‘Okamé’ (Prunus incisa × Prunus campanulata), Rubus × tridel ‘Benenden’ (Rubus deliciosus × Rubus trilobus) and the Rosemary ‘Benenden Blue’, a natural variant of Rosmarinus officinalis which he collected in Corsica. He also raised many Rhododendron and Cistus hybrids. An avenue of his 'Asano' cherry is one of the features of Kew Gardens.

As one of many generous acts, he gave a cherry plant to each of the Walkhurst cottages on Walkhurst Road, Benenden. One of the resulting cherry trees still stands along this road.

Bibliography

Birds of the Riviera. 1926. Witherby, London.
Isles of the Seven Seas. 1936. Hutchinson, London.
Ornamental Cherries. 1948. Country Life, London.
In search of Birds. 1966. Witherby, London.
Garden of Memories. 1970. Witherby, London.
The Migration of the Swallow, 1974. Witherby, London.
Wings over the Western Front: the First World War Diaries of Collingwood Ingram, June 2014, Day Books, Oxfordshire.
Cherry Ingram: The Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms, author Naoko Abe, 21 March 2019, Chatto and Windus, London.

The standard author abbreviation Ingram is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.^[11]

References

^ Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage 2003, vol. 2, pg 2048
^ Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1886
^ Robertson, Beth M. (2022). "Edward Stirling: Embodiment and beneficiary of slave-ownership" (PDF). Australian Journal of Biography and History. 6 (6): 103–124. doi:10.22459/AJBH.06.2022.
^ "No. 29055". The London Gazette. 2 February 1915. p. 1027.
^ "Your search with the following terms: Capt Collingwood Ingram". Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
^ On the birds of the Alexander district, Northern territory of South Australia, Ibis, 387–415, 1907
^ Ornithological notes from Japan, Ibis, 129–169, 1908
^ On the nesting of the marsh warbler in Kent, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 15, 96, 1905
^ Many examples of his work are shown at http://erniepollard.jimdo.com
^ Ingram, Collingwood (1919). "Notes on the height at which birds fly". Ibis: 321–325. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1919.tb02887.x.
^ International Plant Names Index. Ingram.

External links

[1] Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage 2003, vol. 2, pg 2048

[Debrett-2] Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1886

[3] Robertson, Beth M. (2022). "Edward Stirling: Embodiment and beneficiary of slave-ownership" (PDF). Australian Journal of Biography and History. 6 (6): 103–124. doi:10.22459/AJBH.06.2022.

[4] "No. 29055". The London Gazette. 2 February 1915. p. 1027.

[5] "Your search with the following terms: Capt Collingwood Ingram". Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

[6] On the birds of the Alexander district, Northern territory of South Australia, Ibis, 387–415, 1907

[7] Ornithological notes from Japan, Ibis, 129–169, 1908

[8] On the nesting of the marsh warbler in Kent, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 15, 96, 1905

[9] Many examples of his work are shown at http://erniepollard.jimdo.com

[10] Ingram, Collingwood (1919). "Notes on the height at which birds fly". Ibis: 321–325. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1919.tb02887.x.

[11] International Plant Names Index. Ingram.

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[3]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Collingwood "Cherry" Ingram''' (30 October 1880–19 May 1981), ornithologist, plant collector and gardener, who was an authority on Japanese flowering cherries.
+{{short description|British ornithologist, plant collector & gardener (1880-1981)}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
+{{infobox person
+| honorific_prefix =
+| name             = {{nowrap|Collingwood Ingram}}
+| honorific_suffix =
+| image            = Cherry Ingram.webp
+| caption          = Ingram in 1905 in England
+| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=y|1880|10|30}}
+| birth_place      =
+| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=y|1981|5|19|1880|10|30}}
+| death_place      = {{nowrap|[[Benenden]], [[Kent]], England}}
+| resting_place    =
+| education        =
+| alma_mater       =
+| father           = {{nowrap|[[Sir William Ingram, 1st Baronet|Sir William Ingram]]}}
+| mother           = Mary Eliza Collingwood Stirling
+| spouse           = {{marriage|Florence Maude Laing|17 October 1906}}
+| children         = 4
+| occupation       = {{nowrap|Ornithologist}} & horticulturalist
+| relatives        = [[Herbert Ingram]] (paternal grandfather)<br>{{nowrap|[[Edward Stirling (politician)|Edward Stirling]] (maternal grandfather)}}<br>[[Bruce Ingram]] (brother)<br>[[Edward Charles Stirling]] (uncle)<br>[[Lancelot Stirling]] (uncle)
+| module           = {{infobox military person
+| embed            = yes
+| allegiance       = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
+| branch           = {{army|United Kingdom}}<br>{{air force|United Kingdom}}
+| serviceyears     = 1914-1945
+| unit             = [[Kent Cyclist Battalion]]<br>[[Royal Flying Corps]]<br>[[Royal Air Force]]<br>[[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]]
+| rank             =
+| battles          = [[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
+}}
+}}
+'''Collingwood "Cherry" Ingram''' (30 October 1880 – 19 May 1981), was a British ornithologist, plant collector and gardener, who was an authority on Japanese flowering cherries.
 ==Personal life==
-Collingwood Ingram was a son of  [[Sir William Ingram, 1st Baronet|Sir William Ingram]] and  Mary Eliza Collingwood {{nee|Stirling}}, daughter of Australian politician [[Edward Stirling (politician)|Edward Stirling]].<ref>Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage 2003, vol. 2, pg 2048</ref><ref name=Debrett>[https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1886londuoft#page/84/mode/2up Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1886]</ref>
+Collingwood Ingram was a son of [[Sir William Ingram, 1st Baronet|Sir William Ingram]] and  Mary Eliza Collingwood {{nee|Stirling}}, daughter of Australian politician [[Edward Stirling (politician)|Edward Stirling]].<ref>Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage 2003, vol. 2, pg 2048</ref><ref name=Debrett>[https://archive.org/stream/debrettshouseo1886londuoft#page/84/mode/2up Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1886]</ref> His maternal grandfather was born in Jamaica to a Scottish planter and an unnamed woman of colour. He concealed his racial identity and later settled in South Australia, where he was elected to parliament; his sons (Ingram's uncles) [[Lancelot Stirling|Lancelot]] and [[Edward Charles Stirling]] were also members of parliament.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n10094/pdf/05_robertson.pdf|first=Beth M.|last=Robertson|title=Edward Stirling: Embodiment and beneficiary of slave-ownership|year=2022|journal=Australian Journal of Biography and History|volume=6 |doi=10.22459/AJBH.06.2022|number=6|pages=103–124 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
-He was a grandson of [[Herbert Ingram]], founder of the ''[[Illustrated London News]]''. Sir William Ingram  succeeded Herbert as the owner of the paper, and was a brother of Bruce Ingram, editor from 1900–1963. On his mother’s side, he was descended from Edward Stirling, the son of a creole mother (a slave or a freed slave) and a Scottish plantation owner in Jamaica.<ref>http://www.clanstirling.org/Main/bios/EdwardStirlingbyJudeSkurray.pdf{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His maternal grandfather Edward Stirling made a fortune as a pastoralist and owner of copper mines in Australia. Collingwood’s uncle, Sir [[Edward Charles Stirling]], was a noted anthropologist, physiologist and museum director, with a great interest in the natural world.
+He was a grandson of [[Herbert Ingram]], founder of ''[[The Illustrated London News]]''. Sir William Ingram  succeeded Herbert as the owner of the paper, and was a brother of [[Bruce Ingram]], editor from 1900–1963. Collingwood's uncle, Sir [[Edward Charles Stirling]], was a noted anthropologist, physiologist and museum director, with a great interest in the natural world.
 On 17 October 1906, Collingwood married Florence Maude Laing, only child of Henry Rudolph Laing, they had four children.
-In the [[World War I|First World War]], he was first commissioned in the [[Kent Cyclist Battalion]]<ref>{{London Gazette | issue=29055 |page=1027 | date=2 February 1915 }}</ref> and was later a compass officer with the [[Royal Flying Corps]]. In the Second World War, he was commander of his local [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] in [[Benenden]], Kent.
+In the [[World War I|First World War]], he was first commissioned in the [[Kent Cyclist Battalion]]<ref>{{London Gazette | issue=29055 |page=1027 | date=2 February 1915 }}</ref> and was later a compass officer with the [[Royal Flying Corps]] and [[Royal Air Force]]. In the Second World War, he was commander of his local [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] in [[Benenden]], Kent.
-He was a collector of Japanese art, especially [[netsuke]], and left his collection to the [[British Museum]].
+He was a collector of Japanese art, especially [[netsuke]], and left his collection to the [[British Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Your search with the following terms: Capt Collingwood Ingram |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?people=147466&peoA=147466-3-5 |website=Britishmuseum.org |accessdate=18 March 2019}}</ref>
 ==Ornithology==
-In the early 1900s, Sir William Ingram employed Wilfred Stalker to collect bird skins in Australia for Collingwood to identify and catalogue at the London [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], resulting in his first major publication.<ref>On the birds of the Alexander district, Northern territory of South Australia, ''Ibis'', 387–415, 1907</ref> In 1907 he collected in Japan and for his work there<ref>Ornithological notes from Japan, ''Ibis'', 129–169, 1908</ref> he was made an Honorary Member of the Ornithological Society of Japan. However his main interest was in the field study of birds; he made the first record of [[marsh warbler]]s breeding in Kent.<ref>On the nesting of the marsh warbler in Kent, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 15, 96, 1905</ref> He was an accomplished bird artist.<ref>Many examples of his work are shown at http://erniepollard.jimdo.com</ref> His planned book on the birds of France was interrupted by the War and never completed, although part emerged as ''Birds of the Riviera'' in 1926. His 1916–18 journals record his war experiences and also his off-duty bird observations, with many sketches made behind the lines in northern France. His published war diaries are packed with his pencil sketches of birds, people and landscapes. He interrogated pilots, including [[Charles Portal]], on the height at which birds fly, resulting in a short paper after the War.<ref>Notes on the height at which birds fly, ''Ibis'', 321–325, 1919</ref> He was member of the [[British Ornithologists' Union]] for a record 81 years.
+In the early 1900s, Sir William Ingram employed Wilfred Stalker to collect bird skins in Australia for Collingwood to identify and catalogue at the London [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]], resulting in his first major publication.<ref>On the birds of the Alexander district, Northern territory of South Australia, ''Ibis'', 387–415, 1907</ref> In 1907 he collected in Japan and for his work there<ref>Ornithological notes from Japan, ''Ibis'', 129–169, 1908</ref> he was made an Honorary Member of the Ornithological Society of Japan. However his main interest was in the field study of birds; he made the first record of [[marsh warbler]]s breeding in Kent.<ref>On the nesting of the marsh warbler in Kent, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 15, 96, 1905</ref> He was an accomplished bird artist.<ref>Many examples of his work are shown at http://erniepollard.jimdo.com</ref> His planned book on the birds of France was interrupted by the War and never completed, although part emerged as ''Birds of the Riviera'' in 1926. His 1916–18 journals record his war experiences and also his off-duty bird observations, with many sketches made behind the lines in northern France. His published war diaries are packed with his pencil sketches of birds, people and landscapes. He interrogated pilots, including [[Charles Portal]], on the height at which birds fly, resulting in a short paper after the War.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Notes on the height at which birds fly |journal=Ibis |first1=Collingwood |last1=Ingram |pages=321–325 |year=1919 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1919.tb02887.x |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/377838 }}</ref> He was member of the [[British Ornithologists' Union]] for a record 81 years.
 ==Plant collecting and gardening==
-After World War I, horticulture took over from ornithology as Collingwood Ingram’s dominant interest. He created his famous garden at The Grange in [[Benenden]] and collected plants across the world. His outstanding plant-collecting trips were to Japan in 1926 and South Africa in 1927.
+After the First World War, horticulture took over from ornithology as Collingwood Ingram's dominant interest. He created his famous garden at The Grange in [[Benenden]] and collected plants across the world. His outstanding plant-collecting trips were to Japan in 1926 and South Africa in 1927.
+[[File:Taihaku.jpg|thumb|A flower of a Taihaku tree at the Flower Association of Japan's Yūki Farm, [[Yūki, Ibaraki]]]]
 By 1926, he was a world authority on Japanese cherries and was asked to address the Cherry Society in Japan on their national tree. It was on this visit that he was shown a painting of a beautiful white cherry, then thought to be extinct in Japan. He recognised it as one he had seen in a moribund state in a Sussex garden, the result of an early introduction from Japan. He had taken cuttings and so was able to re-introduce it to the gardening world as ‘Taihaku’, the name meaning 'Great White Cherry'.  His 1948 book ''Ornamental Cherries'' is a standard work.
-In March 2016 a book on his contribution to the survival of Japanese cherries was published in Japan. The author is [[Naoko Abe]], the publisher Iwanami Shoten. An English version with the title ''Cherry Ingram: the Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms'' is out in March 1919 together with the American version ''The Sakura Obsession''. This book recounts the important, almost central, role of cherries in the history and culture of Japan, and describes Ingram's contribution. He introduced many Japanese and species cherries to this country, as well as his own hybrids.
+In March 2016, a book on his contribution to the survival of Japanese cherries was published in Japan. The author is [[Naoko Abe]], the publisher Iwanami Shoten. An English version with the title ''Cherry Ingram: the Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms'' was published in March 2019, together with the American version ''The Sakura Obsession''. This book recounts the important, almost central, role of cherries in the history and culture of Japan, and describes Ingram's contribution. He introduced many Japanese and other species of cherries to the United Kingdom, as well as his own hybrids.
 Ingram introduced many new garden plants, including ''[[Prunus × incam]]'' ‘Okamé’ (''[[Prunus incisa]]'' × ''[[Prunus campanulata]]''), ''[[Rubus × tridel]]'' ‘Benenden’ (''[[Rubus deliciosus]]'' × ''[[Rubus trilobus]]'') and the Rosemary ‘Benenden Blue’, a natural variant of ''[[Rosmarinus officinalis]]'' which he collected in Corsica. He also raised many ''[[Rhododendron]]'' and ''[[Cistus]]'' hybrids. An avenue of his 'Asano' cherry is one of the features of [[Kew Gardens]].
-As one of many generous acts, he gave a cherry plants to each of the Walkhurst cottages on Walkhurst Road, Benenden. One of the resulting cherry trees still stands along this road.
+As one of many generous acts, he gave a cherry plant to each of the Walkhurst cottages on Walkhurst Road, Benenden. One of the resulting cherry trees still stands along this road.
 ==Bibliography==
@@ Line 34: / Line 67: @@
 * ''The Migration of the Swallow'', 1974. Witherby, London.
 * ''Wings over the Western Front: the First World War Diaries of Collingwood Ingram'', June 2014, Day Books, Oxfordshire.
-* ''Cherry Ingram: The Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms'', 21 March 2019, Chatto and Windus, London.
+* ''Cherry Ingram: The Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms'', author Naoko Abe, 21 March 2019, Chatto and Windus, London.
 {{-}}
 {{botanist|Ingram}}
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
+==External links==
-<references/>
+* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0003cpp 'Cherry' Ingram: The Englishman who saved Japan's Blossoms (Radio 4 Book of the Week)]
+* {{cite web|title=The Cherry Blossom Hunter (interview with Naoko Abe)|date=12 April 2019|website=Science Friday|url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/the-cherry-blossom-hunter/}}
+* [https://www.rosemarybandini.com/articles/captain-collingwood-ingram/ The Forgotten British Collector: Captain Collingwood Ingram (1880-1981)]
+* [https://erniepollard.jimdo.com/ Collingwood Ingram, ornithologist, plantsman, artist, WW1 diarist]
 {{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ingram, Collingwood}}
 [[Category:1880 births]]
 [[Category:1981 deaths]]
 [[Category:Army Cyclist Corps officers]]
-[[Category:British centenarians]]
+[[Category:British men centenarians]]
 [[Category:British gardeners]]
 [[Category:British ornithologists]]
-[[Category:People from the Borough of Tunbridge Wells]]
+[[Category:People from Benenden]]
+[[Category:Younger sons of baronets]]
+[[Category:20th-century British zoologists]]
+[[Category:British people of Australian descent]]
+[[Category:British people of Jamaican descent]]
+[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]

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