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{{short description|Ceremony to complete a course in military education}}
{{Short description|Completion of a course in military education}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}{{Use British English|date=January 2023}}
{{about|completion of a course|fainting|Syncope (medicine)|other uses|Pass out (disambiguation)}}
[[File:RAF Jurby Passing Out Parade.jpg|thumb|Passing Out Parade of members of No.1 Officer Cadet Training Unit, [[RAF Jurby]], January 1957.]]
[[File:RAF Jurby Passing Out Parade.jpg|thumb|Passing Out Parade of members of No.1 Officer Cadet Training Unit, [[RAF Jurby]], January 1957.|alt=]]
'''Passing out''' is the completion of a course by military or other service personnel or the graduation from a college, largely in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth nations]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Extraordinary-security-arrangements-for-IMA-passing-out-parade/Article1-357590.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130125144758/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Extraordinary-security-arrangements-for-IMA-passing-out-parade/Article1-357590.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-25 |title=Extraordinary security arrangements for IMA passing out parade |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2008-12-12 |accessdate=2013-08-01 }}</ref> [[Soldier]]s sometimes take part in a passing out [[Military parade|parade]] upon completion of a [[basic training]] course.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iprep.ns.sg/passing-out-parade.html |title=iPrepNS &#124; Passing out parade |publisher=Iprep.ns.sg |accessdate=2013-08-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181809/http://iprep.ns.sg/passing-out-parade.html |archivedate=2014-07-14 }}</ref> The [[military parade]] during the ''passing out'' also consists of [[military band]]s and other displays of synchronization discipline such as acrobatics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/naval-passing-out-parade-its-about-valour-and-determination/20151130.htm|title=Naval passing out parade: It's about valour and determination|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref>[[File:Trenchard inspects apprentices at RAF Halton.gif|thumb|Marshal of the Royal Air Force [[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard|Trenchard]] inspecting apprentices during a passing out parade at Groves and Henderson Barracks at RAF Halton.]]
'''Passing out''' is the official graduation ceremony following the completion of a course by [[military]] or other uniformed service personnel at their respective training school, college, or military academy, largely in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth nations]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Extraordinary-security-arrangements-for-IMA-passing-out-parade/Article1-357590.aspx|title=Extraordinary security arrangements for IMA passing out parade|website=hindustantimes.com|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=12 December 2008|access-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125144758/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Extraordinary-security-arrangements-for-IMA-passing-out-parade/Article1-357590.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013}}</ref> Soldiers, sailors, or airmen take part in a passing out [[military parade]] upon completion of a [[basic training]] course.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iprep.ns.sg/passing-out-parade.html|title=iPrepNS &#124; Passing out parade|website=Iprep.ns.sg|access-date=1 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181809/http://iprep.ns.sg/passing-out-parade.html|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> The military parade during the 'passing out' ceremony may also consist of [[military band]]s, and other displays of synchronisation discipline such as a [[flypast]], which may also include [[acrobatics]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/naval-passing-out-parade-its-about-valour-and-determination/20151130.htm|title=Naval passing out parade: It's about valour and determination|website=Rediff|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Trenchard inspects apprentices at RAF Halton.gif|thumb|Marshal of the Royal Air Force [[Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard|Trenchard]] inspecting apprentices during a passing out parade at Groves and Henderson Barracks at RAF Halton.|alt=]]
[[File:Passing Out Parade, RAF Halton - geograph.org.uk - 654458.jpg|thumb|Passing Out Parade, [[RAF Halton]], in July 2006]]
[[File:Passing Out Parade, RAF Halton - geograph.org.uk - 654458.jpg|thumb|Passing Out Parade, [[RAF Halton]], in July 2006.|alt=]]


== Name ==
==Name==
The parade may also be referred to as a 'Marching out' parade as it is at the [[Army Recruit Training Centre]] at [[Kapooka]] in Australia.<ref name="ozarmy-marchout2">{{cite web|url=http://www.army.gov.au/Army-life/Army-careers/ARTC-Kapooka/Soldier-Training/March-Out-Parade-Information|title=March Out parade information|publisher=Australian Army|accessdate=2015-02-18}}</ref> It is also known as "Pass off" parade as in the case of the [[Royal Army Physical Training Corps]] and Passing out "Ceremony" in the case of [[Warsash Maritime Academy]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5NADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA199&dq=passing+out+parade+duration+history&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitg8iaw-_jAhXLMo8KHfXxBl4Q6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=passing%20out%20parade%20duration%20history&f=false|title=Fit to Fight: A History of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps 1860–2015|last=Bogdanovic|first=Nikolai|date=2017-12-14|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472824233|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warsashacademy.co.uk/news-events/events/officer-cadet-passing-out-ceremonies/officer-cadet-passing-out-ceremonies.aspx|title=Officer cadet passing out ceremonies at Warsash Maritime Academy|website=Warsash Maritime Academy|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> It is also known as "Sovereign's Parade" at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forces.net/news/king-jordan-inspects-sovereigns-parade-sandhurst|title=King Of Jordan Inspects Sovereign's Parade At Sandhurst|last=Banks|first=Charlotte|date=11 August 2017|website=Forces Network|language=en|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref> Since 1964, the [[Fire and Rescue NSW]] conducts a passing out parade on course completion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/series/15423|title=Passing out parades and national medal presentations|date=2018-11-17|website=New South Wales State Archives and Records|language=en|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref>
The parade may also be referred to as a 'Marching out' parade, as it is at the [[Army Recruit Training Centre]] at [[Kapooka]] in Australia.<ref name="ozarmy-marchout2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.army.gov.au/Army-life/Army-careers/ARTC-Kapooka/Soldier-Training/March-Out-Parade-Information|title=March Out parade information|publisher=[[Australian Army]]|access-date=18 February 2015}}</ref> It is also known as 'Pass off' parade, as in the case of the [[Royal Army Physical Training Corps]] and Passing out 'Ceremony' in the case of [[Warsash Maritime School|Warsash Maritime Academy]] of the [[Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)|British Merchant Navy]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bogdanovic|first=Nikolai|date=14 December 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5NADwAAQBAJ&dq=passing+out+parade+duration+history&pg=PA199|title=Fit to Fight: A History of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps 1860–2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472824233|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warsashacademy.co.uk/news-events/events/officer-cadet-passing-out-ceremonies/officer-cadet-passing-out-ceremonies.aspx|title=Officer cadet passing out ceremonies at Warsash Maritime Academy|website=Warsash Maritime Academy|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> It is also known as 'Sovereign's Parade' at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], when inspected by a member of the [[British Royal Family]] or another royal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Banks|first=Charlotte|date=11 August 2017|url=https://www.forces.net/news/king-jordan-inspects-sovereigns-parade-sandhurst|title=King of Jordan inspects Sovereign's Parade at Sandhurst|website=Forces.net|publisher=Forces Network|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> Since 1964, the [[Fire and Rescue NSW]] conducts a passing out parade on course completion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/series/15423|title=Passing out parades and national medal presentations|date=17 November 2018|website=New South Wales State Archives and Records|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref>


== Reviewing officer and guests ==
==Reviewing officer and guests==
[[File:2 AR 1st Rec Pln (24) (13455348893).jpg|thumb|A reviewing officer during an Irish Defence Forces passing out]]
[[File:2 AR 1st Rec Pln (24) (13455348893).jpg|thumb|A reviewing officer during an [[Irish Defence Forces]] passing out in 2014.|alt=]]
A "reviewing officer", usually a senior officer, reviews the parade and hands out medals to cadets who have excelled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/passing-out-parade-ins-chilka-1|title=Passing Out Parade at INS Chilka|website=Indian Navy|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> Militaries around the world usually allow civilian guests including parents, to attend the passing out parade.<ref name=":0" /> Dignitaries may also be present as was the case at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] in 2010 when the British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] was present to witness the event. Other dignitaries at the event included relatives of graduating cadets such the [[President of Yemen]] and the [[Prime Minister of Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-10969133|title=Cameron inspects Sandhurst cadets|last=|first=|date=13 August 2010|work=BBC|access-date=2019-08-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> The chief guest at the military passing out parade of Napuka Secondary School, [[Cakaudrove Province|Cakaudrove]], in August 2019 was the senior most female officer of the [[Republic of Fiji Military Forces|military forces of the Republic of Fiji]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2019/08/09/military-discipline-shines-in-students-at-passing-out-parade/|title=Military Discipline Shines in Students at Passing-Out Parade|last=Chand|first=Shalveen|date=9 August 2019|website=Fiji Sun|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> In 2019, Vice President Mike Pence spoke at the graduation ceremony at the [[United States Military Academy]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/15/us/west-point-largest-graduating-class-of-black-women-trnd/index.html|title=West Point is about to graduate its largest class of black women|last=Marco|first=Tony|date=27 May 2019|website=CNN|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref>
A 'reviewing officer', usually a senior officer, reviews the parade and hands out any medals to cadets who have excelled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/passing-out-parade-ins-chilka-1|title=Passing Out Parade at INS Chilka|website=indiannavy.nic.in|publisher=[[Indian Navy]]|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> Militaries around the world usually allow civilian guests including parents and next of kin, to attend the passing out parade.<ref name=":0"/>
Dignitaries may also be present, as was the case at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] in 2010, when the British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] was present to witness the event. Other dignitaries at the event included relatives of graduating cadets such the [[President of Yemen]] and the [[Prime Minister of Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-10969133|title=Cameron inspects Sandhurst cadets|date=13 August 2010|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=9 August 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:President Hamid Karzai attends National Military Academy graduation (4442387909).jpg|thumb|The [[National Military Academy of Afghanistan]] class of 2010 listens as Afghan President [[Hamid Karzai]] gives a speech during their graduation ceremony in 2010]]
⚫
In 2019, the reviewing officer for the 136th Passing out Parade (POP) at the Indian Military Academy (IMA) was Lieutenant General [[Cherish Mathson]]. Having such senior officers present is a morale booster for the cadets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/lt-gen-cherish-mathson-to-be-reviewing-officer-of-pop/articleshow/69587779.cms|title=Lt Gen Cherish Mathson to be reviewing officer of POP|last=Jha|first=Prashant|date=31 May 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref> During the passing out parade, a dignitary may also make a speech, as was the case during the passing out parade in IMA in 2007, when Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] addressed the cadets and guests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/speech-details.php?nodeid=605|title=PM's address at the Indian Military Academy Passing Out Prade : Speeches : Prime Minister of India – Dr. Manmohan Singh|date=10 December 2007|website=Prime Minister's Office Archive|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref>


The chief guest at the military passing out parade of Napuka Secondary School, [[Cakaudrove Province|Cakaudrove]], in August 2019, was the senior most female officer of the [[Republic of Fiji Military Forces|military forces of the Republic of Fiji]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chand|first=Shalveen|date=9 August 2019|url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2019/08/09/military-discipline-shines-in-students-at-passing-out-parade/|title=Military discipline shines in students at passing-out parade|website=Fiji Sun|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref> In 2019, Vice President [[Mike Pence]] spoke at the graduation ceremony at the [[United States Military Academy]], West Point.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Marco|first=Tony|date=27 May 2019|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/15/us/west-point-largest-graduating-class-of-black-women-trnd/index.html|title=West Point is about to graduate its largest class of black women|website=CNN|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref>
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== Traditions ==
⚫
[[File:President Hamid Karzai attends National Military Academy graduation (4442387909).jpg|thumb|The [[National Military Academy of Afghanistan]] class of 2010 listens as Afghan President [[Hamid Karzai]] gives a speech during their graduation ceremony in 2010.|alt=]]
⚫
In 2019, the reviewing officer for the 136th Passing out Parade (POP) at the [[Indian Military Academy]] (IMA) was Lieutenant General [[Cherish Mathson]]. Having such senior officers present is a morale booster for the cadets.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Prashant|date=31 May 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/lt-gen-cherish-mathson-to-be-reviewing-officer-of-pop/articleshow/69587779.cms|title=Lt Gen Cherish Mathson to be reviewing officer of POP|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> During the passing out parade, a dignitary may also make a speech, as was the case during the passing out parade in IMA in 2007, when Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] addressed the cadets and guests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/speech-details.php?nodeid=605|title=PM's address at the Indian Military Academy Passing Out Prade : Speeches : Prime Minister of India – Dr. Manmohan Singh|date=10 December 2007|website=Prime Minister's Office Archive|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>


⚫
==Traditions==
=== Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ===
===Royal Military Academy Sandhurst===
The passing out at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], known as the Sovereign's Parade, is conducted three times a year.<ref name="sp0412">{{cite book|title=Sovereign's Parade Programme|date=April 2012|publisher=RMA Sandhurst}}</ref> One of the main ceremonies during the parade is [[Trooping the Colour]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QntoTGiz8VM|title=The Sovereign's Parade, April 1985|website=YouTube}}</ref> Various awards and honours are presented to cadets who have excelled. This includes the Queen's Medal, the Overseas Sword and the MacRobert Sword.<ref name="awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/24563.aspx|title=178th Sovereign's Parade|publisher=Ministry of Defence|accessdate=21 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glrfca.org/news/detail/216|title=London Officer Cadet tops course at RMA Sandhurst|publisher=The Reserve Forces' and Cadets' Association for Greater London|accessdate=9 August 2016}}</ref>
The passing out at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], known as the Sovereign's Parade, is conducted three times a year.<ref name="sp0412">{{Cite book|title=Sovereign's Parade Programme|date=April 2012|publisher=RMA Sandhurst}}{{ISBN missing|date=January 2023}}</ref> One of the main ceremonies during the parade is [[Trooping the Colour]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QntoTGiz8VM|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/QntoTGiz8VM|archive-date=12 December 2021|url-status=live|title=The Sovereign's Parade, April 1985|website=YouTube|date=15 October 2015 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Various awards and honours are presented to cadets who have excelled. This includes the Queen's Medal, the Overseas Sword, and the MacRobert Sword.<ref name="awards">{{Cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/24563.aspx|title=178th Sovereign's Parade|website=[[British Army]]|publisher=Ministry of Defence|access-date=21 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glrfca.org/news/detail/216|title=London Officer Cadet tops course at RMA Sandhurst|publisher=The Reserve Forces' and Cadets' Association for Greater London|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>


=== Sword of Honour ===
===Sword of Honour===
The passing out can also consist of traditions such as presentation of a "Sword of Honour" as in the case of [[Sword of Honour (Sandhurst)|Sandhurst]] and [[Indian Military Academy|Indian]] and [[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Pakistan military academies]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/892742/prince-harry-sandhurst-award-sword-honour-cadet-royal-military-academy|title=Prince Harry presents award to top officer cadet at Sandhurst|date=2017-12-15|website=Express.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://militarycollege.edu.pk/new/swords-of-honour-by-alamgirians/|title=Swords of Honour by Alamgirians|website=[[Military College Jhelum]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Odisha-boy-gets-Sword-of-Honour/articleshow/55915367.cms|title=sward of honor: Odisha boy gets Sword of Honour {{!}} Dehradun News – Times of India|last=Budhwar|first=Yeshika|date=11 December 2016|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> In 2010 for the first time in the history of the [[Officers Training Academy]], India, a female cadet, [[Divya Ajith Kumar]], was presented the sword of honour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/She-is-an-officer-and-a-woman/articleshow/51151743.cms|title=She is an officer and a woman|last=Nurullah|first=Abdullah|date=26 February 2016|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Chennai-cadet-creates-history-at-OTA-passing-out-parade/article15973712.ece|title=Chennai cadet creates history at OTA passing-out parade|last=Reporter|first=Staff|date=2010-09-19|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-07|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
The passing out can also consist of traditions such as presentation of a 'Sword of Honour', as in the case of [[Sword of Honour (Sandhurst)|Sandhurst]] and [[Indian Military Academy|Indian]] and [[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Pakistan]] military academies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/892742/prince-harry-sandhurst-award-sword-honour-cadet-royal-military-academy|title=Prince Harry presents award to top officer cadet at Sandhurst|date=15 December 2017|website=Express.co.uk|publisher=Daily Express|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://militarycollege.edu.pk/new/swords-of-honour-by-alamgirians/|title=Swords of Honour by Alamgirians|website=[[Military College Jhelum]]|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Budhwar|first=Yeshika|date=11 December 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Odisha-boy-gets-Sword-of-Honour/articleshow/55915367.cms|title=Odisha boy gets Sword of Honour {{!}} Dehradun News|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> In 2010, for the first time in the history of the [[Officers Training Academy]], India, a female cadet, [[Divya Ajith Kumar]], was presented the sword of honour.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nurullah|first=Abdullah|date=26 February 2016|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/She-is-an-officer-and-a-woman/articleshow/51151743.cms|title=She is an officer and a woman|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Chennai-cadet-creates-history-at-OTA-passing-out-parade/article15973712.ece|title=Chennai cadet creates history at OTA passing-out parade|date=19 September 2010|work=The Hindu|access-date=7 August 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>


=== Shipping of stripes ===
===Shipping of stripes===
[[File:Friends and family pin rank on U.S. Army 2nd Lt. Thul during his commissioning ceremony after the United States Military Academy Graduation and Commissioning Ceremonies for the Class of 2013 at the Michie 130525-M-KS211-029.jpg|thumb|Friends and family pin rank during the commissioning ceremony after the United States Military Academy Graduation and Commissioning Ceremonies for the Class of 2013 at the Michie Stadium in West Point]]
[[File:Friends and family pin rank on U.S. Army 2nd Lt. Thul during his commissioning ceremony after the United States Military Academy Graduation and Commissioning Ceremonies for the Class of 2013 at the Michie 130525-M-KS211-029.jpg|thumb|Friends and family pin rank during the commissioning ceremony after the United States Military Academy Graduation and Commissioning Ceremonies for the Class of 2013 at the Michie Stadium in West Point.|alt=]]
Another tradition that happens during the ''passing out'' is the "Shipping-of-Stripes" as in the case of the [[Indian Naval Academy]].<ref name=":0" /> During this ceremony, senior officers and the relatives of the passing out cadets ''ship'' the [[epaulette]]s (commonly known as "''Stripes''") on the uniform. This represents the graduation of the cadets into officers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=173721|title=Passing out Parade held at Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala|date=22 November 2017|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Defence|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>
Another tradition that happens during the 'passing out' is the 'Shipping-of-Stripes', as in the case of the [[Indian Naval Academy]].<ref name=":0"/> During this ceremony, senior officers and the relatives of the passing out cadets 'ship' the [[epaulette]]s (commonly known as 'Stripes') on the uniform. This represents the graduation of the cadets into officers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=173721|title=Passing out Parade held at Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala|date=22 November 2017|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Defence|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>


=== Music ===
===Music===
A common song that is played during the passing out, especially in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth countries]], is [[Auld Lang Syne]], a [[Robert Burns]] poem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1572613|title=Passing Out Parade – Spring Term 2019 Held at Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala|date=25 May 2019|website=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Defence|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/1637fed8772147b486987a6bd2671f49|title=SANDHURST PASSING OUT PARADE {{!}} AP Archive|website=www.aparchive.com|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> The [[military parade]] during the ''passing out'' also consists of [[military band]]s. At the Indian Military Academy, before the cadets begin the passing out parade ceremony, the band plays a melody (''[[aarti]]'')'','' allowing the cadets to pray to their respective god.<ref name=":1" />
A common song that is played during the passing out, especially in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth countries]], is ''[[Auld Lang Syne]]'', a [[Robert Burns]] poem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1572613|title=Passing Out Parade – Spring Term 2019 Held at Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala|date=25 May 2019|website=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Defence|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/1637fed8772147b486987a6bd2671f49|title=Sandhurst passing out parade {{!}} AP Archive|website=www.aparchive.com|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> The [[military parade]] during the 'passing out' may also consist of [[military band]]s. At the Indian Military Academy, before the cadets begin the passing out parade ceremony, the band plays a melody (''[[aarti]]''), allowing the cadets to pray to their respective god.<ref name=":1"/>


=== Hat toss ===
===Hat toss===
The first recorded hat toss in United States was in 1946 at West Point. After the hat toss, children are allowed to take one hat each. Cadets fill the hats with notes, snapshots, and even money for the children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/05/28/a-brief-history-of-the-west-point-hat-toss/|title=A brief history of the West Point hat toss|last=Berman|first=Mark|date=28 May 2014|website=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> At some places such as the Indian Military Academy ''flinging-of-cap'' has been stopped.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IMAs-cap-flinging-tradition-bites-dust/articleshow/17540053.cms|title=IMA's cap-flinging tradition bites dust|last=Basu|first=Indranil|date=9 December 2012|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref> The tradition of ''cap-flinging'' during the passing out parade has a long past, the tradition starting well before India's Independence from British rule.<ref name=":2" /> It was stopped in 2010 as some people found it disrespectful for the caps to touch the ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101212/dplus.htm#3|title=No caps tossed this time|date=11 December 2010|website=The Tribune, Chandigarh|access-date=2019-08-12}}</ref>
The first recorded hat toss in the United States of America was in 1946 at [[United States Military Academy]], West Point. After the hat toss, children are allowed to take one hat each. Cadets fill the hats with notes, snapshots, and even money for the children.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Berman|first=Mark|date=28 May 2014|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/05/28/a-brief-history-of-the-west-point-hat-toss/|title=A brief history of the West Point hat toss|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref> At some places such as the Indian Military Academy, 'flinging-of-cap' has been stopped.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Basu|first=Indranil|date=9 December 2012|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IMAs-cap-flinging-tradition-bites-dust/articleshow/17540053.cms|title=IMA's cap-flinging tradition bites dust|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> The tradition of 'cap-flinging' during the passing out parade has a long past; the tradition starting well before India's Independence from British rule.<ref name=":2"/> It was stopped in 2010 as some people found it disrespectful for the caps to touch the ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20101212/dplus.htm#3|title=No caps tossed this time|date=11 December 2010|website=The Tribune, Chandigarh|access-date=12 August 2019}}</ref>


=== Other ===
===Other===
Other traditions include the [[adjutant]] leading the parade to crack a joke to lighten the atmosphere, as in the case of the Indian Military Academy passing out parade.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ima-pop-a-few-beliefs-and-traditions/articleshow/69695247.cms|title=IMA POP: A few beliefs and traditions {{!}} Dehradun News – Times of India|last=Jha|first=Prashant|date=8 June 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref> At the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the parade finale includes the adjutant riding up the steps of the Old College (the origin of this tradition is unknown).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/in-pictures-officer-cadets-passing-out-ceremony-at-sandhurst-6h6gfngnf|title=In pictures: Officer cadets' passing out ceremony at Sandhurst|date=2018-08-10|access-date=2019-08-11|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref> At the Indian Military Academy, the finale is the ''antim path'' (final step), where cadets take the last step into [[Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode|Chetwode]] Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/indian-military-academy-hosts-colourful-passing-parade-1502542318.html|title=UP tops list as 487 officers graduate from Indian Military Academy|date=2017-12-09|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref>
Other traditions include the [[adjutant]] leading the parade to crack a joke to lighten the atmosphere, as in the case of the Indian Military Academy passing out parade.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Prashant|date=8 June 2019|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ima-pop-a-few-beliefs-and-traditions/articleshow/69695247.cms|title=IMA POP: A few beliefs and traditions {{!}} Dehradun News|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> At the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the parade finale includes the mounted adjutant riding up the steps of the Old College on his horse (the origin of this tradition is unknown).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/in-pictures-officer-cadets-passing-out-ceremony-at-sandhurst-6h6gfngnf|title=In pictures: Officer cadets' passing out ceremony at Sandhurst|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=11 August 2019|issn=0140-0460}}</ref> At the Indian Military Academy, the finale is the 'antim path' (final step), where cadets take the last step into [[Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode|Chetwode]] Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/indian-military-academy-hosts-colourful-passing-parade-1502542318.html|title=UP tops list as 487 officers graduate from Indian Military Academy|date=9 December 2017|website=The Statesman|access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>


== Popular culture ==
==Popular culture==
The passing out parade is depicted in the 1980s book "''The Passing-out Parade: A Play"'' by British writer [[Anne Valery]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IN2NQgAACAAJ&dq=passing+out+parade&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLjublxO_jAhXGMY8KHYncBUkQ6AEIKjAA|title=The Passing-out Parade: A Play|last=Valery|first=Anne|date=1980|publisher=S. French|isbn=9780573130038|language=en}}</ref> In the 2004 [[Bollywood|Bollywood movie]] [[Lakshya (film)|Lakshya]], [[Hrithik Roshan|Hritik Roshan]] on completion of his course at the [[Indian Military Academy]], takes part in a Passing out Parade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2004/07/02/stories/2004070200010100.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : `The toughest role of my career'|last=Gupta|first=Rinku|date=2 July 2004|website=Hindu Business Line|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref>
The passing out parade is depicted in the 1980s book ''The Passing-out Parade: A Play'' by British writer [[Anne Valery]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Valery|first=Anne|date=1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IN2NQgAACAAJ&q=passing+out+parade|title=The Passing-out Parade: A Play|publisher=S. French|isbn=9780573130038|via=Google Books}}</ref> In the 2004 [[Bollywood]] movie ''[[Lakshya (2004 film)|Lakshya]]'', [[Hrithik Roshan|Hritik Roshan]], upon completing his course at the [[Indian Military Academy]], takes part in a passing out parade.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rinku|date=2 July 2004|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2004/07/02/stories/2004070200010100.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : 'The toughest role of my career'|website=Hindu Business Line|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref>


== Passing out around the world ==
==Passing out around the world==
<gallery class="center" caption="" widths=180>
<gallery class=center caption="" widths=180>
File:Passing Out Ceremony (12240309973).jpg|Passing out, [[Defence Forces (Ireland)|Irish Defence Forces]]
File:Passing Out Ceremony (12240309973).jpg|Passing out, [[Defence Forces (Ireland)|Irish Defence Forces]].
File:Kakul Passingoutprade Oweis.JPG|A passing out parade at [[Pakistan Military Academy]], Kakul.
File:Kakul Passingoutprade Oweis.JPG|A passing out parade at [[Pakistan Military Academy]], Kakul.
File:Naval service passing out (12394426943).jpg| Naval service passing out, Ireland
File:Naval service passing out (12394426943).jpg|Naval service passing out, Ireland.
File:NDA Passing Out Parade-6.jpg|Passing out Parade, [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], India
File:NDA Passing Out Parade-6.jpg|Passing out Parade, [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], India.
File:Passing Out Parred SVPNPA 2.JPG|Passing out Parade at [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]], India
File:Passing Out Parred SVPNPA 2.JPG|Passing out Parade at [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy]], India.
File:SNA PASS-OUT CEREMONY-5 (16455857333).jpg|Soldiers of the [[Somali Armed Forces]] during their passing out.
File:SNA PASS-OUT CEREMONY-5 (16455857333).jpg|Soldiers of the [[Somali Armed Forces]] during their passing out.
File:The Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral D.K. Joshi reviewing the Guard of Honour during Passing-out parade, at INA, Ezhimala on November 23, 2013.jpg|The Chief of Naval Staff reviewing the Guard of Honour during Passing-out parade at [[Indian Naval Academy]]
File:The Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral D.K. Joshi reviewing the Guard of Honour during Passing-out parade, at INA, Ezhimala on November 23, 2013.jpg|The Chief of Naval Staff reviewing the Guard of Honour during Passing-out parade at [[Indian Naval Academy]].
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{commonscat|Passing out}}
{{Commons category|Passing out}}


[[Category:Military education and training]]
[[Category:Military education and training]]

Latest revision as of 08:33, 4 August 2024

Passing Out Parade of members of No.1 Officer Cadet Training Unit, RAF Jurby, January 1957.

Passing out is the official graduation ceremony following the completion of a course by military or other uniformed service personnel at their respective training school, college, or military academy, largely in Commonwealth nations.[1] Soldiers, sailors, or airmen take part in a passing out military parade upon completion of a basic training course.[2] The military parade during the 'passing out' ceremony may also consist of military bands, and other displays of synchronisation discipline such as a flypast, which may also include acrobatics.[3]

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Trenchard inspecting apprentices during a passing out parade at Groves and Henderson Barracks at RAF Halton.
Passing Out Parade, RAF Halton, in July 2006.

Name

[edit]

The parade may also be referred to as a 'Marching out' parade, as it is at the Army Recruit Training Centre at Kapooka in Australia.[4] It is also known as 'Pass off' parade, as in the case of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps and Passing out 'Ceremony' in the case of Warsash Maritime Academy of the British Merchant Navy.[5][6] It is also known as 'Sovereign's Parade' at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, when inspected by a member of the British Royal Family or another royal.[7] Since 1964, the Fire and Rescue NSW conducts a passing out parade on course completion.[8]

Reviewing officer and guests

[edit]
A reviewing officer during an Irish Defence Forces passing out in 2014.

A 'reviewing officer', usually a senior officer, reviews the parade and hands out any medals to cadets who have excelled.[9] Militaries around the world usually allow civilian guests including parents and next of kin, to attend the passing out parade.[3] Dignitaries may also be present, as was the case at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2010, when the British Prime Minister David Cameron was present to witness the event. Other dignitaries at the event included relatives of graduating cadets such the President of Yemen and the Prime Minister of Bahrain.[10]

The chief guest at the military passing out parade of Napuka Secondary School, Cakaudrove, in August 2019, was the senior most female officer of the military forces of the Republic of Fiji.[11] In 2019, Vice President Mike Pence spoke at the graduation ceremony at the United States Military Academy, West Point.[12]

The National Military Academy of Afghanistan class of 2010 listens as Afghan President Hamid Karzai gives a speech during their graduation ceremony in 2010.

In 2019, the reviewing officer for the 136th Passing out Parade (POP) at the Indian Military Academy (IMA) was Lieutenant General Cherish Mathson. Having such senior officers present is a morale booster for the cadets.[13] During the passing out parade, a dignitary may also make a speech, as was the case during the passing out parade in IMA in 2007, when Prime Minister Manmohan Singh addressed the cadets and guests.[14]

Traditions

[edit]

Royal Military Academy Sandhurst

[edit]

The passing out at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, known as the Sovereign's Parade, is conducted three times a year.[15] One of the main ceremonies during the parade is Trooping the Colour.[16] Various awards and honours are presented to cadets who have excelled. This includes the Queen's Medal, the Overseas Sword, and the MacRobert Sword.[17][18]

Sword of Honour

[edit]

The passing out can also consist of traditions such as presentation of a 'Sword of Honour', as in the case of Sandhurst and Indian and Pakistan military academies.[19][20][21] In 2010, for the first time in the history of the Officers Training Academy, India, a female cadet, Divya Ajith Kumar, was presented the sword of honour.[22][23]

Shipping of stripes

[edit]
Friends and family pin rank during the commissioning ceremony after the United States Military Academy Graduation and Commissioning Ceremonies for the Class of 2013 at the Michie Stadium in West Point.

Another tradition that happens during the 'passing out' is the 'Shipping-of-Stripes', as in the case of the Indian Naval Academy.[3] During this ceremony, senior officers and the relatives of the passing out cadets 'ship' the epaulettes (commonly known as 'Stripes') on the uniform. This represents the graduation of the cadets into officers.[24]

Music

[edit]

A common song that is played during the passing out, especially in Commonwealth countries, is Auld Lang Syne, a Robert Burns poem.[25][26] The military parade during the 'passing out' may also consist of military bands. At the Indian Military Academy, before the cadets begin the passing out parade ceremony, the band plays a melody (aarti), allowing the cadets to pray to their respective god.[27]

Hat toss

[edit]

The first recorded hat toss in the United States of America was in 1946 at United States Military Academy, West Point. After the hat toss, children are allowed to take one hat each. Cadets fill the hats with notes, snapshots, and even money for the children.[28] At some places such as the Indian Military Academy, 'flinging-of-cap' has been stopped.[29] The tradition of 'cap-flinging' during the passing out parade has a long past; the tradition starting well before India's Independence from British rule.[29] It was stopped in 2010 as some people found it disrespectful for the caps to touch the ground.[30]

Other

[edit]

Other traditions include the adjutant leading the parade to crack a joke to lighten the atmosphere, as in the case of the Indian Military Academy passing out parade.[27] At the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the parade finale includes the mounted adjutant riding up the steps of the Old College on his horse (the origin of this tradition is unknown).[31] At the Indian Military Academy, the finale is the 'antim path' (final step), where cadets take the last step into Chetwode Hall.[32]

[edit]

The passing out parade is depicted in the 1980s book The Passing-out Parade: A Play by British writer Anne Valery.[33] In the 2004 Bollywood movie Lakshya, Hritik Roshan, upon completing his course at the Indian Military Academy, takes part in a passing out parade.[34]

Passing out around the world

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Extraordinary security arrangements for IMA passing out parade". hindustantimes.com. Hindustan Times. 12 December 2008. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  2. ^ "iPrepNS | Passing out parade". Iprep.ns.sg. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "Naval passing out parade: It's about valour and determination". Rediff. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  4. ^ "March Out parade information". Australian Army. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  5. ^ Bogdanovic, Nikolai (14 December 2017). Fit to Fight: A History of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps 1860–2015. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472824233.
  6. ^ "Officer cadet passing out ceremonies at Warsash Maritime Academy". Warsash Maritime Academy. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  7. ^ Banks, Charlotte (11 August 2017). "King of Jordan inspects Sovereign's Parade at Sandhurst". Forces.net. Forces Network. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  8. ^ "Passing out parades and national medal presentations". New South Wales State Archives and Records. 17 November 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  9. ^ "Passing Out Parade at INS Chilka". indiannavy.nic.in. Indian Navy. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  10. ^ "Cameron inspects Sandhurst cadets". British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  11. ^ Chand, Shalveen (9 August 2019). "Military discipline shines in students at passing-out parade". Fiji Sun. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  12. ^ Marco, Tony (27 May 2019). "West Point is about to graduate its largest class of black women". CNN. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  13. ^ Jha, Prashant (31 May 2019). "Lt Gen Cherish Mathson to be reviewing officer of POP". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  14. ^ "PM's address at the Indian Military Academy Passing Out Prade : Speeches : Prime Minister of India – Dr. Manmohan Singh". Prime Minister's Office Archive. 10 December 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  15. ^ Sovereign's Parade Programme. RMA Sandhurst. April 2012.[ISBN missing]
  16. ^ "The Sovereign's Parade, April 1985". YouTube. 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021.
  17. ^ "178th Sovereign's Parade". British Army. Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  18. ^ "London Officer Cadet tops course at RMA Sandhurst". The Reserve Forces' and Cadets' Association for Greater London. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  19. ^ "Prince Harry presents award to top officer cadet at Sandhurst". Express.co.uk. Daily Express. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  20. ^ "Swords of Honour by Alamgirians". Military College Jhelum. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  21. ^ Budhwar, Yeshika (11 December 2016). "Odisha boy gets Sword of Honour | Dehradun News". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  22. ^ Nurullah, Abdullah (26 February 2016). "She is an officer and a woman". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  23. ^ "Chennai cadet creates history at OTA passing-out parade". The Hindu. 19 September 2010. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  24. ^ "Passing out Parade held at Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala". Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Defence. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  25. ^ "Passing Out Parade – Spring Term 2019 Held at Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala". Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Defence. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  26. ^ "Sandhurst passing out parade | AP Archive". www.aparchive.com. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  27. ^ a b Jha, Prashant (8 June 2019). "IMA POP: A few beliefs and traditions | Dehradun News". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  28. ^ Berman, Mark (28 May 2014). "A brief history of the West Point hat toss". Washington Post. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  29. ^ a b Basu, Indranil (9 December 2012). "IMA's cap-flinging tradition bites dust". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  30. ^ "No caps tossed this time". The Tribune, Chandigarh. 11 December 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  31. ^ "In pictures: Officer cadets' passing out ceremony at Sandhurst". The Times. 10 August 2018. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  32. ^ "UP tops list as 487 officers graduate from Indian Military Academy". The Statesman. 9 December 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  33. ^ Valery, Anne (1980). The Passing-out Parade: A Play. S. French. ISBN 9780573130038 – via Google Books.
  34. ^ Gupta, Rinku (2 July 2004). "The Hindu Business Line : 'The toughest role of my career'". Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
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