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{{Short description|Scottish general in South Asia (1792–1875)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
[[File:John Cheape.jpg|thumb|Sir John Cheape]]
[[File:John Cheape.jpg|thumb|Sir John Cheape]]
General '''Sir John Cheape''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB}} (5 October 1792 – 30 March 1875) was a Scottish general in the British Army in South Asia.
[[General]] '''Sir John Cheape''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCB}} (5 October 1792 – 30 March 1875) was a [[Scottish people|Scottish]] military officer of the [[Bengal Army]] in [[British India]].


==Life==
==Life==
The son of John Cheape of Rossie, [[Fifeshire]], he was educated at [[Woolwich]] and [[Addiscombe]], and entered the [[Bengal Engineers]] as a second lieutenant on 3 November 1809. He first served in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], and was present at the sieges of [[Dhamoni]] and Mondela in 1815 and 1816. He next served with the [[Narmada River]] field force under Colonel Adams in 1817 (in what is now [[Madhya Pradesh]]); and under [[John Doveton]] and [[John Malcolm]] in 1818, he was present at the siege of [[Asirgarh]]. He was promoted captain on 1 March 1821.<ref name="DNB">{{cite DNB|wstitle=Cheape, John|volume=10}}</ref>
The son of John Cheape of Rossie, [[Fife]], he was educated at [[Woolwich]] and [[Addiscombe]], and entered the [[Bengal Engineers]] as a second lieutenant on 3 November 1809. He first served in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], and was present at the sieges of [[Dhamoni]] and Mondela in 1815 and 1816. He next served with the [[Narmada River]] field force under Colonel Adams in 1817 (in what is now [[Madhya Pradesh]]); and under [[John Doveton]] and [[John Malcolm]] in 1818, he was present at the siege of [[Asirgarh]]. He was promoted captain on 1 March 1821.<ref name="DNB">{{cite DNB|wstitle=Cheape, John|volume=10}}</ref>


In 1824 Cheape was ordered to [[Burma]], and served through the three campaigns of the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]]. Then for more than two decades he was employed in civil engineering. His promotion, however, went on, and he became major in 1830, lieutenant-colonel in 1834, and colonel in 1844. In 1848 Cheape happened to be employed in the [[Punjab]] when the [[Siege of Multan]] was being planned. He was appointed chief engineer, and ran the operations which led to the fall of the fortress. He then joined the army under [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Hugh Gough]]. He directed the artillery fire in the [[Battle of Gujrat]], the decisive moment in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]. Gough mentioned his services in his despatches, and Cheape was made a C.B. in the [[1838 Coronation Honours]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=19638 |date=20 July 1838 |page=1661}}</ref> and an ''aide-de-camp'' to the queen.<ref name="DNB"/>
In 1824 Cheape was ordered to [[Burma]], and served through the three campaigns of the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]]. Then for more than two decades he was employed in civil engineering. His promotion, however, went on, and he became major in 1830, lieutenant-colonel in 1834, and colonel in 1844. In 1848 Cheape happened to be employed in the [[Punjab]] when the [[Siege of Multan (1848-1849)|Siege of Multan]] was being planned. He was appointed chief engineer, and ran the operations which led to the fall of the fortress. He then joined the army under [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough|Hugh Gough]]. He directed the artillery fire in the [[Battle of Gujrat]], the decisive moment in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]. Gough mentioned his services in his despatches, and Cheape was made a C.B. in the [[1838 Coronation Honours]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=19638 |date=20 July 1838 |page=1661}}</ref> and an ''aide-de-camp'' to the queen.<ref name="DNB"/>


When the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]] broke out in 1852, Cheape was made a brigadier-general and appointed second in command to General [[Henry Godwin (Army officer)|Henry Godwin]]. As before, English commanders underestimated their opponents, and Myat-thoon inflicted defeats on them. In February 1853, Cheape took over command and invaded [[Bago Region|Pegu]]. He was successful and concluded the war, with the provinces of Pegu and [[Tenasserim Division|Tenasserim]] annexed to the territories of the [[East India Company]].<ref name="DNB"/>
When the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]] broke out in 1852, Cheape was made a brigadier-general and appointed second in command to General [[Henry Godwin (Army officer)|Henry Godwin]]. Although the British successfully overcame resistance from the Burmese army, their commanders underestimated local resistance and [[Granville Gower Loch|Captain Loch]] was killed in an ambush by the rebel [[Nga Myat Tun]], Nya Myat Toon, or Myat-thoon near [[Danubyu]] in early February 1853. Cheape then took over command and invaded [[Bago Region|Pegu]]. He was successful<ref>Clowes, Wiliam Laird & al. [https://archive.org/details/royalnavyhistory06clow ''The Royal Navy...'', Vol. VI] (1901), [https://archive.org/details/royalnavyhistory06clow/page/382/mode/2up pp. 383{{ndash}}384].</ref> and concluded the war, with the provinces of Pegu and [[Tenasserim Division|Tenasserim]] annexed to the territories of the [[East India Company]].<ref name="DNB"/>


Cheape was made a K.C.B. in 1849,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=5865 |date=12 June 1849 |page=569 |city=Edinburgh}}</ref> received a medal and clasp and was promoted to major-general on 20 June 1854.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=21564 |date=22 June 1854 |page=1940}}</ref> He then left India after a service of 46 years. He established himself in the [[Isle of Wight]]. Promoted lieutenant-general on 24 May 1859, and general on 6 December 1866, and made a G.C.B. in 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=22952 |date=28 March 1865 |page=1730}}</ref> He died at Old Park, [[Ventnor]], on 30 March 1875.<ref name="DNB"/>
Cheape was made a K.C.B. in 1849,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=5865 |date=12 June 1849 |page=569 |city=Edinburgh}}</ref> received a medal and clasp and was promoted to major-general on 20 June 1854.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=21564 |date=22 June 1854 |page=1940}}</ref> He then left India after a service of 46 years. He established himself in the [[Isle of Wight]]. Promoted lieutenant-general on 24 May 1859, and general on 6 December 1866, and made a G.C.B. in 1865.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=22952 |date=28 March 1865 |page=1730}}</ref> He died at Old Park, [[Ventnor]], on 30 March 1875.<ref name="DNB"/>
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[[Category:1875 deaths]]
[[Category:1875 deaths]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army generals]]
[[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:Graduates of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:Bengal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:Bengal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Anglo-Burmese War]]
[[Category:People from Fife]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Fife]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]

Latest revision as of 04:25, 8 August 2024

Sir John Cheape

General Sir John Cheape GCB (5 October 1792 – 30 March 1875) was a Scottish military officer of the Bengal Army in British India.

Life

[edit]

The son of John Cheape of Rossie, Fife, he was educated at Woolwich and Addiscombe, and entered the Bengal Engineers as a second lieutenant on 3 November 1809. He first served in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and was present at the sieges of Dhamoni and Mondela in 1815 and 1816. He next served with the Narmada River field force under Colonel Adams in 1817 (in what is now Madhya Pradesh); and under John Doveton and John Malcolm in 1818, he was present at the siege of Asirgarh. He was promoted captain on 1 March 1821.[1]

In 1824 Cheape was ordered to Burma, and served through the three campaigns of the First Anglo-Burmese War. Then for more than two decades he was employed in civil engineering. His promotion, however, went on, and he became major in 1830, lieutenant-colonel in 1834, and colonel in 1844. In 1848 Cheape happened to be employed in the Punjab when the Siege of Multan was being planned. He was appointed chief engineer, and ran the operations which led to the fall of the fortress. He then joined the army under Hugh Gough. He directed the artillery fire in the Battle of Gujrat, the decisive moment in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Gough mentioned his services in his despatches, and Cheape was made a C.B. in the 1838 Coronation Honours[2] and an aide-de-camp to the queen.[1]

When the Second Anglo-Burmese War broke out in 1852, Cheape was made a brigadier-general and appointed second in command to General Henry Godwin. Although the British successfully overcame resistance from the Burmese army, their commanders underestimated local resistance and Captain Loch was killed in an ambush by the rebel Nga Myat Tun, Nya Myat Toon, or Myat-thoon near Danubyu in early February 1853. Cheape then took over command and invaded Pegu. He was successful[3] and concluded the war, with the provinces of Pegu and Tenasserim annexed to the territories of the East India Company.[1]

Cheape was made a K.C.B. in 1849,[4] received a medal and clasp and was promoted to major-general on 20 June 1854.[5] He then left India after a service of 46 years. He established himself in the Isle of Wight. Promoted lieutenant-general on 24 May 1859, and general on 6 December 1866, and made a G.C.B. in 1865.[6] He died at Old Park, Ventnor, on 30 March 1875.[1]

Family

[edit]

Cheape married in 1835 Amelia, daughter of T. Chicheley Plowden of the Bengal civil service.[1]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). "Cheape, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  2. ^ "No. 19638". The London Gazette. 20 July 1838. p. 1661.
  3. ^ Clowes, Wiliam Laird & al. The Royal Navy..., Vol. VI (1901), pp. 383–384.
  4. ^ "No. 5865". The Edinburgh Gazette. 12 June 1849. p. 569.
  5. ^ "No. 21564". The London Gazette. 22 June 1854. p. 1940.
  6. ^ "No. 22952". The London Gazette. 28 March 1865. p. 1730.


 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). "Cheape, John". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

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