Jarvis (rocket): Difference between revisions

Jarvis
Manufacturer	Hughes Aircraft / Boeing
Country of origin	United States
Size
Height	58 m (190 ft)
Diameter	8.38 m (27.5 ft)
Mass	1,154,000 kg (2,544,000 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass	38,000 kg (84,000 lb)
Payload to GTO
Mass	13,000 kg (29,000 lb)
Launch history
Status	None built
Total launches	0
First stage
Powered by	2x F-1
Maximum thrust	15,481.26 kN (3,480,330 lbf)
Specific impulse	304 seconds (vacuum)
Burn time	170 seconds
Propellant	RP-1 / LOX
Second stage
Powered by	1x J-2
Maximum thrust	1,031.98 kN (232,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	425 seconds (vacuum)
Burn time	525 seconds
Propellant	LH2 / LOX
Third stage
Powered by	8x R-4D
Maximum thrust	3.92 kN (880 lbf)
Specific impulse	312 seconds
Propellant	MMH / N2O4
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Jarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS requirements, and the Jarvis rocket was never built.

History

Jointly proposed by Hughes and Boeing as a heavy-lift rocket, using propulsion systems and equipment built for the Saturn V rocket and placed in storage at the end of the Apollo program,^[1] as well as Space Shuttle components,^[2] Jarvis was intended to be capable of launching multiple GPS satellites,^[3] major components of the planned Space Station Freedom and commercial satellites.^[1] The rocket was named after Hughes employee and NASA mission specialist Gregory Jarvis, who died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in January 1986.^[1]

Submitted as part of the Advanced Launch System studies jointly conducted by the United States Air Force and NASA for a new heavy-lift rocket system capable of substituting for the Space Shuttle and expanding upon its capabilities,^[4] Jarvis was planned as a three-stage rocket capable of launching a payload of up to 83,000 pounds (38,000 kg) to low Earth orbit, or 28,000 pounds (13,000 kg) to geosynchronous orbit; the rocket was projected to cost under $300 million USD per launch;^[5] some estimates had a per-launch cost of the Jarvis vehicle at a cost as low as $150 million each, with $1 billion being cited as the projected development cost of the rocket system.^[6]

The first stage of the Jarvis vehicle was designed to use two Rocketdyne F-1 engines, powered by RP-1 rocket fuel and liquid oxygen (LOX); these were the same engines used by the Saturn V's first stage. The second stage would use a single Rocketdyne J-2 LOX/liquid hydrogen (LH2) engine, while the third stage was intended to utilise eight Marquardt R-4D reaction control system thrusters, fueled by a hypergolic mix of nitrogen tetroxide and monomethylhydrazine (N₂O₄/MMH), to provide final boost, and to allow for the deployment of multiple payloads into different orbits.^[5]^[7] Jarvis was designed to be capable of carrying payloads of up to 26 feet (7.9 m) in diameter; as many as six satellites could be carried on a single rocket,^[8] and it was suggested that the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation be deployed in this manner.^[9]

While the Hughes proposal for the "Jarvis" would have been powered by a pair of Saturn V F-1 engines, when Boeing joined the proposal they quickly shifted the proposal toward a Shuttle-derived in-line design consisting of an External Tank powered by a single aft-mounted Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) augmented by a pair of Solid Rocket Boosters. This Revised Jarvis would be able to lift 80,000 pounds (36,000 kg) to LEO.^[3]

Although Hughes received an Air Force contract to study the Jarvis vehicle,^[7] the Jarvis failed to meet the Air Force's requirements for the ALS, being too large in size compared to the specification.^[10] In 1986, Hughes stated that the rocket could be operational by the 1990s,^[7] with launches beginning two years after project go-ahead;^[11] however the U.S. Air Force rejected the Hughes-Boeing proposal.^[12] Consideration was given to continuing the Jarvis project as a private venture,^[12] and the Jarvis was mentioned as meeting the requirements for a launch vehicle to be used in the establishment of a lunar base in a 1992 conference on the subject,^[13] however nothing further came of the proposal, while the entire Advanced Launch System development effort was scaled back into the National Launch System before being cancelled in 1992.^[14]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c Smith 1989, p.280
^ Logsdon 1988, p. 138
^ ^a ^b Kyle, Ed (November 19, 2009). "Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV)". SpaceLaunchReport. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Thompson and Guerrier 1989, p.30
^ ^a ^b Smith, B. A. (August 4, 1986). "Air Force Studies MLV". Aviation Week & Space Technology. 125 (5): 34. Bibcode:1986AvWST.125...34S.
^ "Shuttles: Hughes Aircraft proposes rocket to help fill the void left by disaster". The Deseret News. Salt Lake City, UT. August 14, 1986. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Future Rocket Will Make 'Local' Stops". Popular Mechanics. 163 (12): 125. December 1986.
^ Curtis 1990, p. 376
^ Air Force Magazine, February 1986, p.32
^ Gavaghan, Helen (29 January 1987). "Military satellites return to rockets". New Scientist. 113 (1545): 37.
^ Harwood, William (September 22, 1986). "Rocket builders are revamping technology". The Bryan Times. Bryan, Ohio.
^ ^a ^b "The Air Force dropped the Jarvis rocket bid". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA. November 26, 1986. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
^ Dowling et al. in Mendell 1992, p. 180
^ Henry 2003, p. 10

Bibliography

Curtis, Anthony R. (1990). Space Almanac. Woodsboro, Maryland: ARCsoft Publishers. ISBN 978-0866680653.
Dowling, Richard; Robert L. Staehle, and Tomas Svitek. "A Lunar Polar Expedition" Archived 2016-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. in Mendell, Wendell W., ed. (1992). The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century , Volume 1. NASA Conference Publication 3166. Vol. 1. Houston, Texas: NASA. NASA-CP-3166-Vol-l.
Henry, Gary N. (February 2003). The Decision Maker's Guide to Robust, Reliable, and Inexpensive Access to Space. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University. ISBN 978-1234087159.
Logsdon, Tom (1988). Space, Inc: Your Guide to Investing in Space Exploration. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0517568125.
Smith, B.A. (4 August 1986). "Hughes Jarvis launcher would use technology from Saturn, Shuttle". Aviation Week and Space Technology. Vol. 125. pp. 34–36. ISSN 0005-2175.
Smith, Melvyn (1989). Illustrated History of the Space Shuttle. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0854296002.
Thompson, Wayne; Steven W. Guerrier (1989). Space: National Programs and International Cooperation. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0813377759.

External links

Jarvis at Encyclopedia Astronautica

[Smith-1] Smith 1989, p.280

[2] Logsdon 1988, p. 138

[Kyle-3] Kyle, Ed (November 19, 2009). "Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV)". SpaceLaunchReport. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[4] Thompson and Guerrier 1989, p.30

[Astro-5] Smith, B. A. (August 4, 1986). "Air Force Studies MLV". Aviation Week & Space Technology. 125 (5): 34. Bibcode:1986AvWST.125...34S.

[6] "Shuttles: Hughes Aircraft proposes rocket to help fill the void left by disaster". The Deseret News. Salt Lake City, UT. August 14, 1986. Retrieved 2012-06-01.

[PopMech-7] "Future Rocket Will Make 'Local' Stops". Popular Mechanics. 163 (12): 125. December 1986.

[8] Curtis 1990, p. 376

[9] Air Force Magazine, February 1986, p.32

[10] Gavaghan, Helen (29 January 1987). "Military satellites return to rockets". New Scientist. 113 (1545): 37.

[11] Harwood, William (September 22, 1986). "Rocket builders are revamping technology". The Bryan Times. Bryan, Ohio.

[LAT-12] "The Air Force dropped the Jarvis rocket bid". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, CA. November 26, 1986. Retrieved 2012-06-01.

[13] Dowling et al. in Mendell 1992, p. 180

[14] Henry 2003, p. 10

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Proposed US medium-lift launch vehicle}}
 {{Infobox rocket
+|image =
+|caption = Revised Jarvis configuration (1986), using SSME instead of 2 x F-1 engines.
 |name           = Jarvis
 |manufacturer   = [[Hughes Aircraft]] / [[Boeing]]
-|country-origin = {{USA}}
+|country-origin = United States
 |height         = {{convert|58|m|ft|abbr=on}}
 |diameter       = {{convert|8.38|m|ft|abbr=on}}
@@ Line 26: / Line 29: @@
   |SI         =  304 seconds (vacuum)
   |burntime   =  170 seconds
-  |fuel       =  [[LOX]]/[[RP-1]]
+  |fuel       =  [[RP-1]] / [[LOX]]
   }}
   {{Infobox rocket/Stage
@@ Line 35: / Line 38: @@
   |SI         =  425 seconds (vacuum)
   |burntime   =  525 seconds
-  |fuel       =  [[LOX]]/[[LH2]]
+  |fuel       =  [[LH2|LH<sub>2</sub>]] / [[Liquid oxygen|LOX]]
   }}
   {{Infobox rocket/Stage
@@ Line 42: / Line 45: @@
   |stageno    =  Third
   |name       =
-  |engines    =  8x R-4D
+  |engines    =  8x [[R-4D]]
   |thrust     =  {{convert|3.92|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}
   |SI         =  312 seconds
   |burntime   =
-  |fuel       =  N2O4/MMH
+  |fuel       =  [[Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]] / [[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]
   }}
 }}
-'''Jarvis''' was a proposed [[United States|American]] heavy-lift [[launch vehicle]] for [[space launch]], designed by [[Hughes Aircraft]] and [[Boeing]] during the mid-1980s as part of the joint [[United States Air Force]] (USAF)/[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) [[Advanced Launch System]] study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the [[Saturn V]] rocket program along with [[Space Shuttle]] components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch, the proposal failed to meet the ALS requirements, and the Jarvis rocket was never built.
+'''Jarvis''' was a proposed American medium-lift [[launch vehicle]] for [[space launch]], designed by [[Hughes Aircraft]] and [[Boeing]] during the mid-1980s as part of the joint [[United States Air Force]] (USAF)/[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) [[Advanced Launch System]] (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the [[Saturn V]] rocket program along with [[Space Shuttle]] components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS requirements, and the Jarvis rocket was never built.
 ==History==
-Jointly proposed by Hughes and Boeing as a [[Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle|heavy-lift rocket]], using propulsion systems and equipment built for the [[Saturn V]] rocket and placed in storage at the end of the [[Apollo program]],<ref name="Smith"/> as well as [[Space Shuttle]] components,<ref>Logsdon 1988, p. 138</ref> Jarvis was intended to be capable of launching major components of the planned [[Space Station Freedom]] and commercial satellites.<ref name="Smith"/> The rocket was named after Hughes employee and [[NASA]] mission specialist [[Gregory Jarvis]], who died in the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]] in January 1986.<ref name="Smith">Smith 1989, p.280</ref>
+Jointly proposed by Hughes and Boeing as a [[Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle|heavy-lift rocket]], using propulsion systems and equipment built for the [[Saturn V]] rocket and placed in storage at the end of the [[Apollo program]],<ref name="Smith"/> as well as [[Space Shuttle]] components,<ref>Logsdon 1988, p. 138</ref> Jarvis was intended to be capable of launching multiple GPS satellites,<ref name="Kyle"/> major components of the planned [[Space Station Freedom]] and commercial satellites.<ref name="Smith"/> The rocket was named after Hughes employee and [[NASA]] mission specialist [[Gregory Jarvis]], who died in the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' disaster]] in January 1986.<ref name="Smith">Smith 1989, p.280</ref>
-Submitted as part of the [[Advanced Launch System]] studies jointly conducted by the [[United States Air Force]] and NASA for a new heavy-lift rocket system capable of substituting for the Space Shuttle and expanding upon its capabilities,<ref>Thompson and Guerrier 1989, p.30</ref> Jarvis was planned as a three-stage rocket capable of launching a payload of up to {{convert|83000|lb}} to low earth orbit, or {{convert|28000|lb}} to [[geosynchronous orbit]]; the rocket was projected to cost under $300 million [[USD]] per launch;<ref name="Astro">{{cite journal|date=August 4, 1986|title=Air Force Studies MLV|journal=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|volume=125|issue=5|page=34}}</ref> some estimates had a per-launch cost of the Jarvis vehicle at a cost as low as $150 million each, with $1 billion being cited as the projected development cost of the rocket system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GT5TAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F4QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3544,5788638&dq=jarvis+rocket&hl=en|title=Shuttles: Hughes Aircraft proposes rocket to help fill the void left by disaster|date=August 14, 1986|work=[[The Deseret News]]|accessdate=2012-06-01|location=Salt Lake City, UT}}</ref>
+Submitted as part of the [[Advanced Launch System]] studies jointly conducted by the [[United States Air Force]] and NASA for a new heavy-lift rocket system capable of substituting for the Space Shuttle and expanding upon its capabilities,<ref>Thompson and Guerrier 1989, p.30</ref> Jarvis was planned as a three-stage rocket capable of launching a payload of up to {{convert|83000|lb}} to low Earth orbit, or {{convert|28000|lb}} to [[geosynchronous orbit]]; the rocket was projected to cost under $300 million [[USD]] per launch;<ref name="Astro">{{cite journal|date=August 4, 1986|title=Air Force Studies MLV|journal=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]|volume=125|issue=5|page=34|bibcode=1986AvWST.125...34S|last1=Smith|first1=B. A.}}</ref> some estimates had a per-launch cost of the Jarvis vehicle at a cost as low as $150 million each, with $1 billion being cited as the projected development cost of the rocket system.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GT5TAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F4QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3544,5788638&dq=jarvis+rocket&hl=en|title=Shuttles: Hughes Aircraft proposes rocket to help fill the void left by disaster|date=August 14, 1986|work=[[The Deseret News]]|accessdate=2012-06-01|location=Salt Lake City, UT}}</ref>
-The first stage of the Jarvis vehicle was designed to use two [[F-1 (rocket engine)|Rocketdyne F-1]] engines, powered by [[RP-1]] rocket fuel and [[liquid oxygen]] (LOX); these were the same engines used by the Saturn V's first stage. The second stage would use a single [[J-2 (rocket engine)|Rocketdyne J-2]] LOX/[[liquid hydrogen]] (LH2) engine, while the third stage was intended to utilise eight [[R-4D|Marquardt R-4D]] [[reaction control system]] thrusters, fueled by a [[hypergolic]] mix of [[nitrogen tetroxide]] and [[monomethylhydrazine]] (N2O4/MNH), to provide final boost, and to allow for the deployment of multiple payloads into different orbits.<ref name="Astro"/><ref name="PopMech">{{cite journal|date=December 1986|title=Future Rocket Will Make 'Local' Stops|journal=[[Popular Mechanics]]|publisher=Hearst|location=New York|volume=163|issue=12|page=125|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F-MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA125&dq=%22Jarvis+MLV%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ImOTT8qLAamC2AWy-qztBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Jarvis%20MLV%22&f=false}}</ref> Jarvis was designed to be capable of carrying payloads of up to {{convert|26|ft}} in diameter; as many as six satellites could be carried on a single rocket,<ref>Curtis 1990, p. 376</ref> and it was suggested that the [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) constellation be deployed in this manner.<ref>''Air Force Magazine'', February 1986, p.32</ref>
+The first stage of the Jarvis vehicle was designed to use two [[F-1 (rocket engine)|Rocketdyne F-1]] engines, powered by [[RP-1]] rocket fuel and [[liquid oxygen]] (LOX); these were the same engines used by the Saturn V's first stage. The second stage would use a single [[J-2 (rocket engine)|Rocketdyne J-2]] LOX/[[liquid hydrogen]] (LH2) engine, while the third stage was intended to utilise eight [[R-4D|Marquardt R-4D]] [[reaction control system]] thrusters, fueled by a [[hypergolic]] mix of [[nitrogen tetroxide]] and [[monomethylhydrazine]] (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/MMH), to provide final boost, and to allow for the deployment of multiple payloads into different orbits.<ref name="Astro"/><ref name="PopMech">{{cite journal|date=December 1986|title=Future Rocket Will Make 'Local' Stops|journal=[[Popular Mechanics]]|volume=163|issue=12|page=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA125}}</ref> Jarvis was designed to be capable of carrying payloads of up to {{convert|26|ft}} in diameter; as many as six satellites could be carried on a single rocket,<ref>Curtis 1990, p. 376</ref> and it was suggested that the [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) constellation be deployed in this manner.<ref>''Air Force Magazine'', February 1986, p.32</ref>
+While the Hughes proposal for the "Jarvis" would have been powered by a pair of Saturn V F-1 engines, when Boeing joined the proposal they quickly shifted the proposal toward a Shuttle-derived in-line design consisting of an External Tank powered by a single aft-mounted Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) augmented by a pair of Solid Rocket Boosters.   This Revised Jarvis would be able to lift {{convert|80000|lb}} to LEO.<ref name="Kyle">{{cite web |url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/thorh12.html  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411203040/http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/thorh12.html  |url-status=usurped  |archive-date=April 11, 2013  |publisher=SpaceLaunchReport |author=Kyle, Ed |title=Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) |date=November 19, 2009}}</ref>
-Although Hughes received an Air Force contract to study the Jarvis vehicle,<ref name="PopMech"/> the Jarvis failed to meet the Air Force's requirements for the ALS, being too large in size compared to the specification.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gavaghan|first=Helen|date=29 January 1987|title=Military satellites return to rockets|journal=[[New Scientist]]|publisher=Reed Business Information|location=London|volume=113|issue=1545|page=37|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xAF2K_xc8CIC&pg=PA37&dq=%22Air+Force+Studies+MLV%22+%22Jarvis%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GGGTT7mVOYfC2wWlyZXtBA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Air%20Force%20Studies%20MLV%22%20%22Jarvis%22&f=false}}</ref> In 1986, Hughes stated that the rocket could be operational by the 1990s,<ref name="PopMech"/> with launches beginning two years after project go-ahead;<ref>{{cite news|title=Rocket builders are revamping technology|last=Harwood|first=William|date=September 22, 1986|work=[[The Bryan Times]]|accessdate=2012-06-01|location=Bryan, Ohio}}</ref> however the U.S. Air Force rejected the Hughes-Boeing proposal.<ref name="LAT">{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-11-25/business/fi-13050_1_jarvis|title=The Air Force dropped the Jarvis rocket bid|date=November 26, 1986|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=2012-06-01|location=Los Angeles, CA}}</ref> Consideration was given to continuing the Jarvis project as a private venture,<ref name="LAT"/> and the Jarvis was mentioned as meeting the requirements for a launch vehicle to be used in the establishment of a [[lunar base]] in a 1992 conference on the subject,<ref>Dowling et al. ''in'' Mendell 1992, p. 180</ref> however nothing further came of the proposal, while the entire Advanced Launch System development effort was scaled back into the [[National Launch System]] before being cancelled in 1992.<ref>Henry 2003, p. 10</ref>
+Although Hughes received an Air Force contract to study the Jarvis vehicle,<ref name="PopMech"/> the Jarvis failed to meet the Air Force's requirements for the ALS, being too large in size compared to the specification.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gavaghan|first=Helen|date=29 January 1987|title=Military satellites return to rockets|journal=[[New Scientist]]|volume=113|issue=1545|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAF2K_xc8CIC&pg=PA37}}</ref> In 1986, Hughes stated that the rocket could be operational by the 1990s,<ref name="PopMech"/> with launches beginning two years after project go-ahead;<ref>{{cite news|title=Rocket builders are revamping technology|last=Harwood|first=William|date=September 22, 1986|work=[[The Bryan Times]]|location=Bryan, Ohio}}</ref> however the U.S. Air Force rejected the Hughes-Boeing proposal.<ref name="LAT">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-11-25-fi-13050-story.html|title=The Air Force dropped the Jarvis rocket bid|date=November 26, 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=2012-06-01|location=Los Angeles, CA}}</ref> Consideration was given to continuing the Jarvis project as a private venture,<ref name="LAT"/> and the Jarvis was mentioned as meeting the requirements for a launch vehicle to be used in the establishment of a [[lunar base]] in a 1992 conference on the subject,<ref>Dowling et al. ''in'' Mendell 1992, p. 180</ref> however nothing further came of the proposal, while the entire Advanced Launch System development effort was scaled back into the [[National Launch System]] before being cancelled in 1992.<ref>Henry 2003, p. 10</ref>
 ==See also==
+* [[New Glenn]]
 * [[Saturn C-3]]
 * [[Saturn INT-20]]
+* [[Saturn II]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 70: / Line 77: @@
 ;Bibliography
 {{refbegin}}
-* {{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Anthony R.|title=Space Almanac|year=1990|publisher=ARCsoft Publishers|location=Woodsboro, Maryland|isbn=978-0866680653}}
+* {{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Anthony R.|title=Space Almanac|year=1990|publisher=ARCsoft Publishers|location=Woodsboro, Maryland|isbn=978-0866680653|url=https://archive.org/details/spacealmanacfact0000curt}}
-* Dowling, Richard; Robert L. Staehle, and Tomas Svitek. [http://www.nss.org/settlement/moon/library/LB2-203-LunarPolarExpedition.pdf "A Lunar Polar Expedition"]. ''in'' {{cite book|editor=Mendell, Wendell W.|title=The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century , Volume 1|series=NASA Conference Publication 3166|volume=1|year=1992|publisher=NASA|location=Houston, Texas|id=NASA-CP-3166-Vol-l}}
+* Dowling, Richard; Robert L. Staehle, and Tomas Svitek. [http://www.nss.org/settlement/moon/library/LB2-203-LunarPolarExpedition.pdf "A Lunar Polar Expedition"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210144418/http://nss.org/settlement/moon/library/LB2-203-LunarPolarExpedition.pdf |date=2016-12-10 }}. ''in'' {{cite book|editor=Mendell, Wendell W.|title=The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century , Volume 1|series=NASA Conference Publication 3166|volume=1|year=1992|publisher=NASA|location=Houston, Texas|id=NASA-CP-3166-Vol-l}}
 * {{cite book|last=Henry|first=Gary N.|title=The Decision Maker's Guide to Robust, Reliable, and Inexpensive Access to Space|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:qHwZLeIH_I4J:www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc/henry.pdf+%22Advanced+Launch+System%22+cancellation&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj8YIc0XXOQA8BefEj2T4p65T1-emYTC_YZQoTIpNirbKSc6naq3FJ1fvtY-S0lesT6XXXwLykZnrPFrgNlmWeQ1F_EOjytNg79UR9tBVnlgHVH9OJ93m44AFlL2j0XMHxlmTrr&sig=AHIEtbR-yIiwjzD-WjiW8eHqWb1_jUv6-w|date=February 2003|publisher=Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University|location=Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama|isbn=978-1234087159}}
-* {{cite book|last=Logsdon|first=Tom|title=Space, Inc: Your Guide to Investing in Space Exploration|year=1988|publisher=Crown Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-0517568125}}
+* {{cite book|last=Logsdon|first=Tom|title=Space, Inc: Your Guide to Investing in Space Exploration|year=1988|publisher=Crown Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-0517568125|url=https://archive.org/details/spaceincyourguid00logs}}
+* {{cite magazine|last=Smith|first=B.A.|magazine=Aviation Week and Space Technology|title=Hughes Jarvis launcher would use technology from Saturn, Shuttle|issn=0005-2175|volume=125|date=4 August 1986|pages=34–36}}
 * {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Melvyn|title=Illustrated History of the Space Shuttle|year=1989|publisher=Motorbooks International|location=St. Paul, Minnesota|isbn=978-0854296002}}
-* {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Wayne|coauthors=Steven W. Guerrier|title=Space: National Programs and International Cooperation|year=1989|publisher=Westview Press|location=Boulder, Colorado|isbn=978-0813377759}}
+* {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Wayne|author2=Steven W. Guerrier|title=Space: National Programs and International Cooperation|year=1989|publisher=Westview Press|location=Boulder, Colorado|isbn=978-0813377759}}
 {{refend}}
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jarvis.htm Jarvis] at Encyclopedia Astronautica
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161227223157/http://astronautix.com/j/jarvislaunchvehicle.html Jarvis] at Encyclopedia Astronautica
 {{Saturns}}
@@ Line 86: / Line 94: @@
 [[Category:Expendable space launch systems]]
 [[Category:Cancelled space launch vehicles]]
-[[Category:Saturn (rocket family)]]
+[[Category:Saturn V]]

v t e Saturn launch vehicle family
Early proposals	Juno V Saturn A-1 A-2 B-1
"C" series	Saturn C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-5N C-8
Saturn I series	Saturn I IB IB-CE IB-A IB-B IB-C IB-D INT-05 INT-11 INT-12 INT-13 INT-14 INT-15 INT-16 INT-27 LCB
Saturn II series	Saturn II INT-17 INT-18 INT-19
Saturn V series	Saturn V MLV V ELV INT-20 INT-21 INT-23 INT-24 INT-25 Saturn-Shuttle Saturn V-3 V-A V-B V-C V-D V-Centaur Jarvis