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{{Short description|Network of nerves in the neck}}
{{Refimprove |date=April 2014}}
{{More citations needed |date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox Nerve |
{{Infobox Nerve
Name = Cervical plexus |
Latin = plexus cervicalis |
| Name = Cervical plexus
|Latin = plexus cervicalis
GraySubject = 210 |
GrayPage = 925 |
|Image = Gray784.png
⚫
|Caption = Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve (Superficial cervical plexus visible in purple, at center bottom.)
Image = Gray784.png |
|Image2 =
⚫
Caption = Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve (Superficial cervical plexus visible in purple, at center bottom.) |
Image2 = |
|Caption2 =
Caption2 = |
|Innervates =
⚫
|BranchFrom = [[Cervical nerves|C1-C4]]
Innervates = |
⚫
|BranchTo =
⚫
BranchFrom = [[Cervical nerves|C1-C4]] |
⚫
BranchTo = |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = p_24 |
DorlandsSuf = 12647686
}}
}}
The '''cervical plexus''' is a [[plexus|nerve plexus]] of the [[anterior rami]] of the first (i.e. upper-most) four [[cervical spinal nerve]]s C1-C4.<ref name=":224">{{Cite book |last=Standring |first=Susan |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1201341621 |title=Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7020-7707-4 |edition=42nd |location=New York |pages=595–596 |oclc=1201341621}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Donofrio|first1=P. D.|title=Neuropathies, Iatrogenic|date=2014-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123851574006795|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition)|pages=481–484|editor-last=Aminoff|editor-first=Michael J.|place=Oxford|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00679-5|isbn=978-0-12-385158-1|access-date=2020-10-25|last2=Clarke|first2=C. D.|editor2-last=Daroff|editor2-first=Robert B.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Cesmebasi|first=Alper|title=Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000329|work=Nerves and Nerve Injuries|pages=441–449|editor-last=Tubbs|editor-first=R. Shane|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9|isbn=978-0-12-410390-0|access-date=2020-10-25|editor2-last=Rizk|editor2-first=Elias|editor3-last=Shoja|editor3-first=Mohammadali M.|editor4-last=Loukas|editor4-first=Marios}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Jo|first1=Jasmin|title=Chapter 26 - Metastatic Disease and the Nervous System|date=2014-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124077102000266|work=Aminoff's Neurology and General Medicine (Fifth Edition)|pages=539–562|editor-last=Aminoff|editor-first=Michael J.|place=Boston|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-407710-2.00026-6|isbn=978-0-12-407710-2|access-date=2020-10-25|last2=Schiff|first2=David|s2cid=78276004 |editor2-last=Josephson|editor2-first=S. Andrew}}</ref> The cervical plexus provides motor innervation to some muscles of the neck, and the [[Thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]]; it provides sensory innervation to parts of the head, neck, and chest.<ref name=":224" />
The '''cervical plexus''' is a [[plexus]] of the [[anterior rami ]] of the first four [[cervical spinal nerve]]s which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment in the [[neck]]. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. [[scalenus]], m. [[levator scapulae]], m. [[splenius cervicis]]) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with [[accessory nerve]], [[hypoglossal nerve]] and [[sympathetic trunk]].


== Anatomy ==
⚫
It is located in the [[neck]], deep to [[sternocleidomastoid]]. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the [[head]], as well as some neck muscles. The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the [[posterior triangle]] at the [[Erb's point (neurology)|nerve point]], a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. [[Scalene muscles|scalenus]], m. [[levator scapulae]], m. [[splenius cervicis]]) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with [[accessory nerve]], [[hypoglossal nerve]] and [[sympathetic trunk]]. It is located in the [[neck]], deep to the [[sternocleidomastoid]] muscle.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Moskovitz|first1=Joshua B.|title=Chapter 11 - Regional Nerve Blocks of the Head and Neck|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000111|work=Nerves and Nerve Injuries|pages=147–151|editor-last=Tubbs|editor-first=R. Shane|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00011-1|isbn=978-0-12-410390-0|access-date=2020-10-25|last2=Choi|first2=Andrew|editor2-last=Rizk|editor2-first=Elias|editor3-last=Shoja|editor3-first=Mohammadali M.|editor4-last=Loukas|editor4-first=Marios}}</ref>
Also from the posterior ramus of C2 greater occipital nerve arises


⚫
The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the [[posterior triangle]] at the [[Erb's point (neurology)|nerve point]], a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
⚫
==Branches==

⚫
The cervical plexus has two types of branches: [[Cutaneous innervation|cutaneous]] and muscular.
=== Relations ===
The cervical plexus is situated deep to the [[sternocleidomastoid muscle]], [[internal jugular vein]], and [[deep cervical fascia]].<ref name=":224" />

It is situated anterior to the [[Middle scalene|middle scalene muscle]], and [[levator scapulae muscle]].<ref name=":224" />

⚫
=== Branches ===
⚫
The cervical plexus has two types of branches: [[Cutaneous innervation|cutaneous]] and muscular.<ref name=":0" />
*Cutaneous (4 branches):
*Cutaneous (4 branches):
**[[Great auricular nerve]] - innervates skin near concha auricle ([[Pinna (anatomy)|outer ear]]) and [[external acoustic meatus]] ([[ear canal]]) (C2&C3)
**[[Lesser occipital|Lesser occipital nerve]] - innervates the skin and the scalp posterosuperior to the auricle (C2)
**[[Transverse cervical nerve]] - innervates anterior region of neck (C2&C3)
**[[Great auricular nerve]] - innervates skin near concha auricle ([[Pinna (anatomy)|outer ear]]) and [[external acoustic meatus]] ([[ear canal]]) (C2-C3)
**[[Lesser occipital]] - innervates the skin and the scalp posterosuperior to the auricle (C2)
**[[Transverse cervical nerve]] - innervates anterior region of neck (C2 and C3)
**[[Supraclavicular nerves]] - innervate the skin above and below the clavicle (C3,C4) <ref>Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Moore and Dally's </ref>
**[[Supraclavicular nerves]] - innervate the skin above and below the clavicle (C3-C4)<ref>Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Moore and Dally's</ref> {{Clarify|date=July 2023|reason=Clarify preceeding reference - which edition?}}
*Muscular
*Muscular
**[[Ansa cervicalis]] (loop formed from C1-C3), etc. ([[geniohyoid]] (C1 only), [[thyrohyoid]] (C1 only), [[sternothyroid]], [[sternohyoid]], [[omohyoid]])
**[[Ansa cervicalis]] - a loop formed by C1-C3 that supplies most infrahyoid (a.k.a. "strap") muscles ([[sternothyroid]], [[sternohyoid]], [[omohyoid]] muscles) etc.
**[[Thyrohyoid branch|Nerve to thyrohyoid]] - fibres from C1 that run with the [[Hypoglossal nerve|hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)]] and do not participate in the formation of the [[superior root of ansa cervicalis]], instead continuing for some further distance to reach and innervate the [[thyrohyoid muscle]] and the [[geniohyoid muscle]].
**[[Phrenic]] (C3-C5 (primarily C4))-innervates diaphragm and the pericardium
**Segmental branches (C1-C4)- innervates anterior and middle [[scalenes]]
**[[Phrenic]] (C3-C5, but mostly C4) - innervates [[thoracic diaphragm]] and the [[pericardium]].
**Segmental branches (C1-C4) - innervate [[scalenes|anterior and middle scalene muscles]]

**[[Levator scapulae|Levator scapulae muscle]] (C3-C4) (also innervated by [[dorsal scapular nerve]] (C5) of the [[brachial plexus]])
Additionally there are two branches formed by the posterior roots of spinal nerves:
*[[Preauricular nerve]] (from the posterior roots of C2–C3)<ref name="Schwartzman2008">{{cite book|author=Robert Schwartzman|title=Neurologic Examination|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OrPOgLPO6BUC&pg=PT58|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-7283-7|pages=58}}</ref><ref name="Schwartzman2006">{{cite book|author=R.J. Schwartzman|title=Differential Diagnosis in Neurology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQLvAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA326|date=31 July 2006|publisher=IOS Press|isbn=978-1-60750-179-4|pages=326–}}</ref>
*[[Postauricular nerve]] (from the posterior roots of C3–C4)<ref name="Schwartzman2006" />


==Diagram==
==Diagram==
<center>[[Image:Cervical plexus.PNG|650px]]</center>
[[File:Cervical plexus.PNG|center|650px]]


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
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* {{SUNYAnatomyFigs|25|03|02}} - "Diagram of the cervical plexus"
* {{SUNYAnatomyFigs|25|03|02}} - "Diagram of the cervical plexus"
* {{MedicalMnemonics|268|||}}
* {{MedicalMnemonics|268|||}}
* [http://kobiljak.msu.edu/cai/ANT551/Unit02/Topic04/U2_L4_O6.html Diagram at msu.edu]
* [http://kobiljak.msu.edu/cai/ANT551/Unit02/Topic04/U2_L4_O6.html Diagram at msu.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603153001/http://kobiljak.msu.edu/cai/ANT551/Unit02/Topic04/U2_L4_O6.html |date=2019-06-03 }}


{{Spinal nerves}}
{{Spinal nerves}}
{{Cervical plexus}}
{{Cervical plexus}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Nerve plexus]]
[[Category:Nerve plexus]]
[[Category:Spinal nerves]]
[[Category:Spinal nerves]]
[[Category:Nerves of the head and neck]]
[[Category:Nerves of the head and neck]]
[[Category:Thoracic nerves]]

Latest revision as of 18:00, 21 August 2024

Cervical plexus
Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve (Superficial cervical plexus visible in purple, at center bottom.)
Details
FromC1-C4
Identifiers
Latinplexus cervicalis
MeSHD002572
TA98A14.2.02.012
TA26374
FMA5904
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The cervical plexus is a nerve plexus of the anterior rami of the first (i.e. upper-most) four cervical spinal nerves C1-C4.[1][2][3][4] The cervical plexus provides motor innervation to some muscles of the neck, and the diaphragm; it provides sensory innervation to parts of the head, neck, and chest.[1]

Anatomy

[edit]

They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. scalenus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius cervicis) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.[5]

The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.

Relations

[edit]

The cervical plexus is situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and deep cervical fascia.[1]

It is situated anterior to the middle scalene muscle, and levator scapulae muscle.[1]

Branches

[edit]

The cervical plexus has two types of branches: cutaneous and muscular.[3]

Diagram

[edit]

Additional images

[edit]
  • Plan of the cervical plexus.
    Plan of the cervical plexus.
  • The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.
    The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.
  • The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.
    The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.
  • Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.
    Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42nd ed.). New York. pp. 595–596. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Donofrio, P. D.; Clarke, C. D. (2014-01-01), "Neuropathies, Iatrogenic", in Aminoff, Michael J.; Daroff, Robert B. (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition), Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 481–484, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00679-5, ISBN 978-0-12-385158-1, retrieved 2020-10-25
  3. ^ a b Cesmebasi, Alper (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 441–449, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2020-10-25
  4. ^ Jo, Jasmin; Schiff, David (2014-01-01), Aminoff, Michael J.; Josephson, S. Andrew (eds.), "Chapter 26 - Metastatic Disease and the Nervous System", Aminoff's Neurology and General Medicine (Fifth Edition), Boston: Academic Press, pp. 539–562, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407710-2.00026-6, ISBN 978-0-12-407710-2, S2CID 78276004, retrieved 2020-10-25
  5. ^ Moskovitz, Joshua B.; Choi, Andrew (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 11 - Regional Nerve Blocks of the Head and Neck", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 147–151, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00011-1, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0, retrieved 2020-10-25
  6. ^ Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Moore and Dally's
[edit]
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