Çevik Bir: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Turkish retired general (born 1939)}} |
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[[File:Çevik Bir DD-SD-00-01007.jpg|thumb|right|Çevik Bir in 1993]] |
[[File:Çevik Bir DD-SD-00-01007.jpg|thumb|right|Çevik Bir in 1993]] |
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'''Çevik Bir''' (born 1939) is a retired [[Turkish Army|Turkish]] [[army general]]. He was a member of the [[Turkish General Staff]] in the 1990s. He took a major part in several important international missions in the [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]]. He was born in [[Buca]], [[Izmir Province]], in 1939 and is married with one child.<ref name=bio>{{cite web |title=Orgeneral Çevik |
'''Çevik Bir''' (born 1939) is a retired [[Turkish Army|Turkish]] [[army general]]. He was a member of the [[Turkish General Staff]] in the 1990s. He took a major part in several important international missions in the [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]]. He was born in [[Buca]], [[Izmir Province]], in 1939 and is married with one child.<ref name=bio>{{cite web |title=Orgeneral Çevik Bir'in Biyografisi |publisher=Türkiye Kalite Derneği |url=http://www.kalder.org/genel/download/12%20Ulusal%20Kalite%20Kongresi/cevik%20-%20bir%20cv-turkce.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003073946/http://www.kalder.org/genel/download/12%20Ulusal%20Kalite%20Kongresi/cevik%20-%20bir%20cv-turkce.pdf |archive-date=2006-10-03 |access-date=2012-05-06 |language=tr}}</ref> |
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He graduated from the [[Turkish Military Academy]] as an engineer officer in 1958, from the [[Army War College (Turkey)|Army Staff College]] in 1970 and from the [[Armed Forces College (Turkey)|Armed Forces College]] in 1971. He graduated from [[NATO Defense College]], [[Rome]], [[Italy]] in 1973.<ref name=bio/> |
He graduated from the [[Turkish Military Academy]] as an engineer officer in 1958, from the [[Army War College (Turkey)|Army Staff College]] in 1970 and from the [[Armed Forces College (Turkey)|Armed Forces College]] in 1971. He graduated from [[NATO Defense College]], [[Rome]], [[Italy]] in 1973.<ref name=bio/> |
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From |
From 1983 to 1985, he served at [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|SHAPE]], NATO's headquarters in Belgium. He was promoted to [[brigadier general (Turkey)|brigadier general]] and commanded an armed brigade and division in Turkey. From 1987 to 1991, he served as [[major general]], and then was promoted to [[lieutenant general]].<ref name=bio/> |
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After the dictator [[Siad Barre]]’s ousting, conflicts between the General [[Mohammed Farah Aidid]] party and other clans in [[Somalia]] had led to famine and lawlessness throughout the country. An estimated 300,000 people had died from starvation. A combined military force of [[United States]] and [[United Nations]] (under the name "UNOSOM") were deployed to [[Mogadishu]], to monitor the ceasefire and deliver food and supplies to the starving people of Somali. Çevik Bir, who was then a lieutenant-general of [[Turkey]], became the force commander of [[UNOSOM II]] in April 1993.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) |publisher=Department of Public Information |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosom2b.htm |date=1997-03-21 |access-date=2012-05-06}}</ref> Despite the retreat of US and UN forces after several deaths due to local hostilities mainly led by Aidid, the introduction of a powerful military force opened the transportation routes, enabling the provision of supplies and ended the famine quickly. He was succeeded as Force Commander by a Malaysian general in January 1994.<ref>https://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosom2b.htm</ref> |
After the dictator [[Siad Barre]]’s ousting, conflicts between the General [[Mohammed Farah Aidid]] party and other clans in [[Somalia]] had led to famine and lawlessness throughout the country. An estimated 300,000 people had died from starvation. A combined military force of [[United States]] and [[United Nations]] (under the name "UNOSOM") were deployed to [[Mogadishu]], to monitor the ceasefire and deliver food and supplies to the starving people of Somali. Çevik Bir, who was then a lieutenant-general of [[Turkey]], became the force commander of [[UNOSOM II]] in April 1993.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) |publisher=Department of Public Information |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosom2b.htm |date=1997-03-21 |access-date=2012-05-06}}</ref> Despite the retreat of US and UN forces after several deaths due to local hostilities mainly led by Aidid, the introduction of a powerful military force opened the transportation routes, enabling the provision of supplies and ended the famine quickly. He was succeeded as Force Commander by a Malaysian general in January 1994.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosom2b.htm| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19991112103306/http://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/unosom2b.htm| archive-date = 1999-11-12| title = UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN SOMALIA II - (UNOSOM II)}}</ref> |
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He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the [[Turkish Armed Forces]], then appointed commander of the [[Turkish First Army]], in Istanbul. While he was vice chairman of the TAF, he signed the Turkish-Israeli Military Coordination agreement in 1996. |
He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the [[Turkish Armed Forces]], then appointed commander of the [[Turkish First Army]], in Istanbul. While he was vice chairman of the TAF, he signed the Turkish-Israeli Military Coordination agreement in 1996. |
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Çevik Bir became the Turkish army's deputy chief of general staff shortly after the Somali operation and played a vital role in establishing a Turkish-[[Israel]]i entente. |
Çevik Bir became the Turkish army's deputy chief of general staff shortly after the Somali operation and played a vital role in establishing a Turkish-[[Israel]]i entente. He retired from the army on 30 August 1999.<ref name=bio/> He is a former member of the [[Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa]] (ASMEA). |
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Çevik Bir retired from the army on August 30, 1999.<ref name=bio/> He is a former member of the [[Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa]] (ASMEA). |
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On April |
On 12 April 2012, Bir and 30 other officers were taken in custody for their role in the [[1997 military memorandum (Turkey)|1997 military memorandum]] that forced the then Turkish government, led by the Refah Partisi ([[Welfare Party]]), to step down.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish Military Leaders Held for Role in '97 Coup |first=Sebnem |last=Arsu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/middleeast/turkey-detains-military-leaders-for-role-in-1997-coup.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/middleeast/turkey-detains-military-leaders-for-role-in-1997-coup.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012-04-12 |access-date=2012-04-13}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 11 September 2021, the General Staff Personnel Presidency reported to the Ankara 5th High Criminal Court, where the case was heard, that the administrative action was taken to demolish the 13 retired generals convicted in the February 28 trial. Thus, Çevik Bir was demoted. |
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Çevik Bir, one of the generals who planned the process, said "In Turkey we have a marriage of Islam and democracy. (…) The child of this marriage is secularism. Now this child gets sick from time to time. The Turkish Armed Forces is the doctor which saves the child. Depending on how sick the kid is, we administer the necessary medicine to make sure the child recuperates".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |title= |
Çevik Bir, one of the generals who planned the process, said "In Turkey we have a marriage of Islam and democracy. (…) The child of this marriage is secularism. Now this child gets sick from time to time. The Turkish Armed Forces is the doctor which saves the child. Depending on how sick the kid is, we administer the necessary medicine to make sure the child recuperates".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |title=Türkiye'de 'Demokrasi Ayarı' Şart! |publisher=Kibrispostasi.com |date=28 February 2007 |access-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713150604/http://www.kibrispostasi.com/index.php/cat/22/col/102/art/2855 |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref> |
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==Distinctions== |
==Distinctions== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bir, Cevik}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bir, Cevik}} |
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[[Category:1939 births]] |
[[Category:1939 births]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military personnel from İzmir]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:Turkish Military Academy alumni]] |
[[Category:Turkish Military Academy alumni]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:27, 29 August 2024
Çevik Bir (born 1939) is a retired Turkish army general. He was a member of the Turkish General Staff in the 1990s. He took a major part in several important international missions in the Middle East and North Africa. He was born in Buca, Izmir Province, in 1939 and is married with one child.[1]
He graduated from the Turkish Military Academy as an engineer officer in 1958, from the Army Staff College in 1970 and from the Armed Forces College in 1971. He graduated from NATO Defense College, Rome, Italy in 1973.[1]
From 1983 to 1985, he served at SHAPE, NATO's headquarters in Belgium. He was promoted to brigadier general and commanded an armed brigade and division in Turkey. From 1987 to 1991, he served as major general, and then was promoted to lieutenant general.[1]
After the dictator Siad Barre’s ousting, conflicts between the General Mohammed Farah Aidid party and other clans in Somalia had led to famine and lawlessness throughout the country. An estimated 300,000 people had died from starvation. A combined military force of United States and United Nations (under the name "UNOSOM") were deployed to Mogadishu, to monitor the ceasefire and deliver food and supplies to the starving people of Somali. Çevik Bir, who was then a lieutenant-general of Turkey, became the force commander of UNOSOM II in April 1993.[2] Despite the retreat of US and UN forces after several deaths due to local hostilities mainly led by Aidid, the introduction of a powerful military force opened the transportation routes, enabling the provision of supplies and ended the famine quickly. He was succeeded as Force Commander by a Malaysian general in January 1994.[3]
He became a four-star general and served three years as vice chairman of the Turkish Armed Forces, then appointed commander of the Turkish First Army, in Istanbul. While he was vice chairman of the TAF, he signed the Turkish-Israeli Military Coordination agreement in 1996.
Çevik Bir became the Turkish army's deputy chief of general staff shortly after the Somali operation and played a vital role in establishing a Turkish-Israeli entente. He retired from the army on 30 August 1999.[1] He is a former member of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA).
On 12 April 2012, Bir and 30 other officers were taken in custody for their role in the 1997 military memorandum that forced the then Turkish government, led by the Refah Partisi (Welfare Party), to step down.[4] On 11 September 2021, the General Staff Personnel Presidency reported to the Ankara 5th High Criminal Court, where the case was heard, that the administrative action was taken to demolish the 13 retired generals convicted in the February 28 trial. Thus, Çevik Bir was demoted.
Çevik Bir, one of the generals who planned the process, said "In Turkey we have a marriage of Islam and democracy. (…) The child of this marriage is secularism. Now this child gets sick from time to time. The Turkish Armed Forces is the doctor which saves the child. Depending on how sick the kid is, we administer the necessary medicine to make sure the child recuperates".[5]
Distinctions
[edit]- United Nations Medal (1994)
- US Medal of Merit (1994)[6]
- Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Distinguished Service (1995)[6]
- German Medal of Honor (1996)[6]
- Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit (1996)[6]
- United Kingdom Distinguished Achievement Medal (1997)
- United Kingdom Distinguished Service Medal (1997)
- Jordanian Medal of Istihkak (1998)[7]
- French Medal of Merit (1999)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "Orgeneral Çevik Bir'in Biyografisi" (PDF) (in Turkish). Türkiye Kalite Derneği. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)". Department of Public Information. 21 March 1997. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ "UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN SOMALIA II - (UNOSOM II)". Archived from the original on 12 November 1999.
- ^ Arsu, Sebnem (12 April 2012). "Turkish Military Leaders Held for Role in '97 Coup". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ^ "Türkiye'de 'Demokrasi Ayarı' Şart!". Kibrispostasi.com. 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
- ^ a b c d "The Azerbaijan-Turkey-US Relationship and its Importance for Eurasia" (PDF). Union of Black Sea and Caspian Confederation of Enterprises. 10 December 2007.
- ^ "Turkey, Israel to hold strategic talks in May to evaluate threats". Turkish Daily News. 22 April 1998.
Recently, Gen. Bir was awarded the Medal of Merit by King Hussein of Jordan for his brilliant contributions to Turkish-Jordanian ties.
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