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{{Short description|Australian politician}}
[[Image:Nla.pic-an24261519-v.jpg|right|thumb]]'''Albert Gardiner''' (30 July 1867 – 14 August 1952) was an [[Australia]]n [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] [[politician]]. He held the distinction of being the party's sole [[Australian Senate|Senator]] between 1920 and 1922.
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Albert Gardiner
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Albert Gardiner.jpg
| office = [[Australian Labor Party|Deputy Leader of the Labor Party]]
| leader = [[Frank Tudor]]<br/>[[Matthew Charlton]]
| term_start = 14 November 1916
| term_end = 30 June 1926
| predecessor = [[George Pearce]]
| successor = [[James Scullin]]
| office1 = [[Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Australia)|Leader of the Opposition in the Senate]]
| term_start1 = 17 February 1917
| term_end1 = 30 June 1926
| predecessor1 = [[Edward Millen]]
| successor1 = [[Ted Needham]]
| title2 = [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[New South Wales]]
| term_start2 = 1 July 1910
| term_end2 = 30 June 1926
| predecessor2 = [[John Neild]]
| successor2 = [[Walter Massy-Greene]]
| term_start3 = 5 June 1928
| term_end3 = 16 November 1928
| predecessor3 = [[John Grant (Australian politician)|John Grant]]
| successor3 = [[John Dooley (politician)|John Dooley]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1867|7|30}}
| birth_place = [[Orange, New South Wales]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1952|8|14|1867|7|30}}
| death_place = [[Bondi Junction]], [[New South Wales]]
| nationality = [[Australia]]n
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Ada Jewell|1892|1897}}
* {{marriage|Theresa Clayton|1902}}
}}
| party = [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]]
| relations =
| children =
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Goldminer
| profession =
| religion =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Albert "Jupp" Gardiner''' (30 July 1867 – 14 August 1952) was an Australian politician who served as a [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[New South Wales]] from 1910 to 1926 and again briefly in 1928. A member of the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]], he served in cabinet as [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] under [[Andrew Fisher]] and [[Billy Hughes]], and from 1916 to 1926 was his party's Senate leader; he was its only senator from 1920 to 1922. Before entering federal politics he had served in the [[Parliament of New South Wales]] from 1891 to 1895 and from 1904 to 1907.


His first wife was a leading{{Puffery inline|date=December 2023}} Labor politician in New South Wales after they divorced.
Gardiner was born in [[Orange, New South Wales|Orange]], [[New South Wales]] and educated at Flanagan's School. He was apprenticed as a carpenter at 15. In 1890, he moved to [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]] and worked on the gold battery at the Hazelhurst mine.<ref name=nsw>{{cite web
| title =Mr Albert Gardiner (1867 - 1952)
| work =Members of Parliament
| publisher =[[Parliament of New South Wales]]
| url =http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/members.nsf/1fb6ebed995667c2ca256ea100825164/690c67d6d4dcf243ca256e2e007fce59!OpenDocument
| accessdate = 2007-04-13}}</ref>
==Political career==


==Early life==
In 1891, Gardiner was elected as an [[Australian Labor Party]] member for [[Electoral district of Forbes|Forbes]], although he refused to sign Labor's solidarity pledge in 1893. In 1894, with the abolition of Forbes, he was elected the member for [[Electoral district of Ashburnham|Ashburnham]], but was defeated in 1895. He stood unsuccessfully for Ashburnham in 1898 for the [[Free Trade Party]] and [[Electoral district of Orange|Orange]] in 1901 as an independent. In 1897, he divorced his first wife Ada Evelyn Jewell, who he had married in 1892, and he married Theresa Alice Clayton in 1902. He was elected member for Orange in 1904, but lost the seat in 1907.<ref name=adb>{{cite web
Gardiner was born in [[Orange, New South Wales]], one of twelve children born to Charlotte (née Davis) and William Gardiner. His father was born in [[Tasmania]] and worked as a wheelwright; his mother was illiterate. Gardiner was educated at Flanagan's School in Orange until the age of 15, when he was apprenticed to a carpenter. He moved to [[Parkes, New South Wales|Parkes]] in 1890 and began working at the Hazlehurst gold battery. He was nicknamed "Jupp" after the English cricketer [[Harry Jupp]], who he was supposed to resemble.<ref name=senatebio>{{cite news|url=http://biography.senate.gov.au/albert-gardiner/|title=GARDINER, ALBERT (1867–1952)|publisher=Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate|year=2000|author=Ann Millar}}</ref>
| first=Mark

==New South Wales politics==
[[1891 New South Wales colonial election|In 1891]], Gardiner was elected to the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]] with the support of the Labor Electoral League, the [[New South Wales Labor Party|Labor Party's]] predecessor. He topped the poll in the seat of [[Electoral district of Forbes|Forbes]], although he refused to sign Labor's solidarity pledge in 1893. In 1894, with the abolition of Forbes, he was elected the member for [[Electoral district of Ashburnham|Ashburnham]], but was defeated in 1895. He stood unsuccessfully for Ashburnham in 1898 for the [[Free Trade Party]] and [[Electoral district of Orange|Orange]] in 1901 as an independent.<ref name=nsw>{{cite NSW Parliament |title=Mr Albert Gardiner (1867-1952) |id=1184 |former=Yes |access-date=13 May 2019}}</ref> In 1897, he divorced his first wife Ada Evelyn Jewell, who he had married in 1892, and he married Theresa Alice Clayton in 1902. He was elected member for Orange in 1904, but lost the seat in 1907.<ref name=nsw/><ref name=adb>
{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography | first=Mark
| last=Lyons
| last=Lyons
| title =Gardiner, Albert (1867 - 1952
| title =Gardiner, Albert (Jupp) (1867–1952)
|id2=gardiner-albert-jupp-6275
| publisher =[[Australian National University]]
| access-date = 2014-07-17
| work=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]
}}</ref>
| url =http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080632b.htm
| accessdate = 2007-04-13}}</ref><ref name=nsw/>


His first wife was a leading{{Puffery inline|date=December 2023}} Labor politician in New South Wales after they divorced. She was one of six women elected to the [[New South Wales Labor Party]]'s executive in January 1906. The other five were [[Kate Dwyer]], Harriet Powell, the 1903 parliamentary candidate [[Selina Siggins]], [[John Grant (Australian politician)|Mary Anne Grant]], [[Edith Bethel]] and [[David Hall (Australian politician)|Maggie Hall]].<ref name=harr>{{Cite web |title=Harriet Powell: Labor Organiser |url=https://www.labourhistory.org.au/hummer/vol-7-no-1/harriet/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Australian Society for the Study of Labour History |language=en-AU}}</ref>
From 1910 to 1926, Gardiner was a Senator for New South Wales in [[Parliament of Australia|Federal Parliament]]. He was appointed [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] in 1914 and Assistant Minister for Defence in 1915. He resigned from the ministry in opposition to [[conscription in Australia|conscription]] before the first [[Australian plebiscite, 1916|plebiscite on conscription]] in October 1916. After the Labor split over the issue, he became Labor leader in the Senate and the only Labor Senator from 1920 to 1922. A [[filibuster]] in 1918 delivered Federal Parliament's longest speech at 12 hours and 40 minutes (the combined [[Parnell-Bressington filibuster]] in the South Australian upper house went for over 13 hours), this forced the introduction of a time limit on future speeches. In 1926, he lost his Senate seat, but he filled a casual vacancy for five months in 1928, despite expulsion from the [[Jack Lang (Australian politician)|Lang]]-led state branch of the party. He unsuccessfully contested [[Division of Dalley|Dalley]] as an independent Labor candidate in 1928. He then unsuccessfully contested the State seats of [[Electoral district of Waverley|Waverley]] in 1932 and [[Electoral district of Canterbury|Canterbury]] in 1935 as an Official Labor candidate, that is recognised by the Federal Labor Party, but not the State branch.<ref name=adb/>


==Federal politics==
Gardiner died at [[Bondi Junction, New South Wales|Bondi Junction]], survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.<ref name=adb/>
From 1910 to 1926, Gardiner was a Senator for New South Wales in [[Parliament of Australia|Federal Parliament]]. He was appointed [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] in 1914 and Assistant Minister for Defence in 1915. He resigned from the ministry in opposition to [[conscription in Australia|conscription]] before the first [[Australian plebiscite, 1916|plebiscite on conscription]] in October 1916. After the Labor split over the issue, he became Labor leader in the Senate and the only Labor Senator from 1920 to 1922. A [[filibuster]] in 1918 delivered Federal Parliament's longest speech at 12 hours and 40 minutes (the combined [[Parnell-Bressington filibuster]] in the South Australian upper house went for over 13 hours); this forced the introduction of a time limit on future speeches. In 1926, he lost his Senate seat, but he filled a casual vacancy for five months in 1928, despite expulsion from the [[Jack Lang (Australian politician)|Lang]]-led state branch of the party. He unsuccessfully contested [[Division of Dalley|Dalley]] as an independent Labor candidate in 1928. He then unsuccessfully contested the State seats of [[Electoral district of Waverley|Waverley]] in 1932 and [[Electoral district of Canterbury|Canterbury]] in 1935 as an [[Federal Labor Party (NSW)|Official Labor candidate]]—that is, recognised by the Federal Labor Party, but not the State branch.<ref name=adb/>

In 1922, Gardiner contested the leadership of the Labor Party against [[Matthew Charlton]] who defeated him by 22 votes to 2.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rhodes|first1=Campbell|title=Leadership spills: nothing new to history|date=15 September 2015|url=http://moadoph.gov.au/blog/leadership-spills-nothing-new-to-history/|website=[[Museum of Australian Democracy]]|access-date=23 January 2017|language=en}}</ref>

He played [[rugby union]] as a forward and represented New South Wales against New Zealand and Queensland in 1897 and against England in 1899.<ref name=adb/>

Gardiner died at [[Bondi Junction]], survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.<ref name=adb/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{start box}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef | before= [[James McColl (Australian politician)|James McColl]] }}
{{s-bef | before= [[James McColl (Australian politician)|James McColl]] }}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] |years=1914 – 1916 }}
{{s-ttl|title= [[Vice-President of the Executive Council]] |years=1914–1916 }}
{{s-aft| after=[[William Spence]] }}
{{s-aft| after=[[William Spence]] }}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{succession box | title=Deputy Leader of the [[Australian Labor Party]] | before=[[George Pearce]] | after=[[James Scullin]] |years=1916&ndash;1926}}
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[George Pearce]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=Deputy Leader of the [[Australian Labor Party]] |years=1916–1926}}
{{end box}}
{{s-aft | after=[[James Scullin]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=Leader of the [[Australian Labor Party]] in the [[Australian Senate|Senate]]|years=1916–1926}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Ted Needham]]}}
{{s-par|au-nsw-la}}
{{succession box | title=Member for [[Electoral district of Forbes|Forbes]] | before=[[Henry Harry Cooke|Henry Cooke]] | after=Abolished | years=1891 &ndash; 1894 | alongside=[[George Fairhurst Hutchinson|Hutchinson]]}}
{{succession box | title=Member for [[Electoral district of Ashburnham|Ashburnham]] | before=New seat | after=[[Joseph Reymond]] | years=1894 &ndash; 1895}}
{{succession box | title=Member for [[Electoral district of Orange|Orange]] | before=[[Harry Newman (politician)|Harry Newman]] | after=[[John Fitzpatrick (New South Wales politician)|John Fitzpatrick]] | years=1904 &ndash; 1907}}
{{s-end}}


{{authority control}}
<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->


{{Persondata
|NAME=Gardiner, Albert
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Australia]]n [[politician]].
|DATE OF BIRTH=30 July 1867
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Orange, New South Wales|Orange]], [[New South Wales]]
|DATE OF DEATH=14 August 1952
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Bondi Junction, New South Wales|Bondi Junction]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gardiner, Albert}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gardiner, Albert}}
[[Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Australian Labor Party politicians]]
[[Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate for New South Wales]]
[[Category:Members of the Australian Senate for New South Wales]]
[[Category:Australian sportsperson-politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Australian rugby union players]]
[[Category:New South Wales rugby union team players]]

Latest revision as of 17:10, 14 September 2024

The Honourable
Albert Gardiner
Deputy Leader of the Labor Party
In office
14 November 1916 – 30 June 1926
LeaderFrank Tudor
Matthew Charlton
Preceded byGeorge Pearce
Succeeded byJames Scullin
Leader of the Opposition in the Senate
In office
17 February 1917 – 30 June 1926
Preceded byEdward Millen
Succeeded byTed Needham
Senator for New South Wales
In office
1 July 1910 – 30 June 1926
Preceded byJohn Neild
Succeeded byWalter Massy-Greene
In office
5 June 1928 – 16 November 1928
Preceded byJohn Grant
Succeeded byJohn Dooley
Personal details
Born(1867-07-30)30 July 1867
Orange, New South Wales
Died14 August 1952(1952-08-14) (aged 85)
Bondi Junction, New South Wales
NationalityAustralian
Political partyLabor
Spouses
Ada Jewell
​
(m. 1892⁠–⁠1897)​
Theresa Clayton
​
(m. 1902)​
OccupationGoldminer

Albert "Jupp" Gardiner (30 July 1867 – 14 August 1952) was an Australian politician who served as a Senator for New South Wales from 1910 to 1926 and again briefly in 1928. A member of the Labor Party, he served in cabinet as Vice-President of the Executive Council under Andrew Fisher and Billy Hughes, and from 1916 to 1926 was his party's Senate leader; he was its only senator from 1920 to 1922. Before entering federal politics he had served in the Parliament of New South Wales from 1891 to 1895 and from 1904 to 1907.

His first wife was a leading[peacock prose] Labor politician in New South Wales after they divorced.

Early life

[edit]

Gardiner was born in Orange, New South Wales, one of twelve children born to Charlotte (née Davis) and William Gardiner. His father was born in Tasmania and worked as a wheelwright; his mother was illiterate. Gardiner was educated at Flanagan's School in Orange until the age of 15, when he was apprenticed to a carpenter. He moved to Parkes in 1890 and began working at the Hazlehurst gold battery. He was nicknamed "Jupp" after the English cricketer Harry Jupp, who he was supposed to resemble.[1]

New South Wales politics

[edit]

In 1891, Gardiner was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly with the support of the Labor Electoral League, the Labor Party's predecessor. He topped the poll in the seat of Forbes, although he refused to sign Labor's solidarity pledge in 1893. In 1894, with the abolition of Forbes, he was elected the member for Ashburnham, but was defeated in 1895. He stood unsuccessfully for Ashburnham in 1898 for the Free Trade Party and Orange in 1901 as an independent.[2] In 1897, he divorced his first wife Ada Evelyn Jewell, who he had married in 1892, and he married Theresa Alice Clayton in 1902. He was elected member for Orange in 1904, but lost the seat in 1907.[2][3]

His first wife was a leading[peacock prose] Labor politician in New South Wales after they divorced. She was one of six women elected to the New South Wales Labor Party's executive in January 1906. The other five were Kate Dwyer, Harriet Powell, the 1903 parliamentary candidate Selina Siggins, Mary Anne Grant, Edith Bethel and Maggie Hall.[4]

Federal politics

[edit]

From 1910 to 1926, Gardiner was a Senator for New South Wales in Federal Parliament. He was appointed Vice-President of the Executive Council in 1914 and Assistant Minister for Defence in 1915. He resigned from the ministry in opposition to conscription before the first plebiscite on conscription in October 1916. After the Labor split over the issue, he became Labor leader in the Senate and the only Labor Senator from 1920 to 1922. A filibuster in 1918 delivered Federal Parliament's longest speech at 12 hours and 40 minutes (the combined Parnell-Bressington filibuster in the South Australian upper house went for over 13 hours); this forced the introduction of a time limit on future speeches. In 1926, he lost his Senate seat, but he filled a casual vacancy for five months in 1928, despite expulsion from the Lang-led state branch of the party. He unsuccessfully contested Dalley as an independent Labor candidate in 1928. He then unsuccessfully contested the State seats of Waverley in 1932 and Canterbury in 1935 as an Official Labor candidate—that is, recognised by the Federal Labor Party, but not the State branch.[3]

In 1922, Gardiner contested the leadership of the Labor Party against Matthew Charlton who defeated him by 22 votes to 2.[5]

He played rugby union as a forward and represented New South Wales against New Zealand and Queensland in 1897 and against England in 1899.[3]

Gardiner died at Bondi Junction, survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ann Millar (2000). "GARDINER, ALBERT (1867–1952)". Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate.
  2. ^ a b "Mr Albert Gardiner (1867-1952)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Lyons, Mark. "Gardiner, Albert (Jupp) (1867–1952)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  4. ^ "Harriet Powell: Labor Organiser". Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  5. ^ Rhodes, Campbell (15 September 2015). "Leadership spills: nothing new to history". Museum of Australian Democracy. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Political offices
Preceded by Vice-President of the Executive Council
1914–1916 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party
1916–1926 		Succeeded by
Leader of the Australian Labor Party in the Senate
1916–1926 		Succeeded by
New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Preceded by Member for Forbes
1891 – 1894
Served alongside: Hutchinson 		Succeeded by
Abolished
Preceded by
New seat
 Member for Ashburnham
1894 – 1895 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member for Orange
1904 – 1907 		Succeeded by
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