1801 in Germany: Difference between revisions

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Events from the year 1801 in Germany.

Incumbents

Holy Roman Empire

Francis II (5 July 1792 – 6 August 1806)

Important Electors

Bavaria Maximilian I (16 February 1799 – 6 August 1806)^[1]
Saxony Frederick Augustus I (17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806)^[2]

Kingdoms

Kingdom of Prussia
- Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)^[3]

Grand Duchies

Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Frederick Francis I (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)^[4]
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)^[5]
Grand Duke of Oldenburg
- Wilhelm (6 July 1785 – 2 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[6]
- Peter I (2 July 1823 – 21 May 1829)^[6]
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
- Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

Schaumburg-Lippe
- George William (13 February 1787 – 1860)
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Louis Frederick II (13 April 1793 – 28 April 1807)^[7]
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 – 19 August 1835)
Principality of Reuss-Greiz
- Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800 – 29 January 1817)
Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Friedrich Karl August (29 August 1763 – 24 September 1812)

Duchies

Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
- Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)^[8]
Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick^[4]
Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Francis (8 September 1800 – 9 December 1806)
Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Georg I (1782–1803)^[9]
Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
- Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)^[10]
Duke of Württemberg
- Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)^[11]

Other

Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Louis I (6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806)^[4]

Events

9 February – The Treaty of Lunéville ends the War of the Second Coalition between France and Austria. Under the terms of the treaty, Aachen is officially annexed by France.

Date unknown

Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
The magnum opus Disquisitiones Arithmeticae of Carl Friedrich Gauss is published.

Births

22 January – Friedrich Gerke, German pioneer of telegraphy (died 1888)
19 April – Gustav Fechner, German psychologist (died 1887)^[12]
16 June – Julius Plücker, German mathematician, physicist (died 1868)
14 July – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist (died 1858)
10 August – Christian Hermann Weisse, German Protestant religious philosopher (died 1866)^[13]
3 September – Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer, German palaeontologist (died 1869)
12 October – Carl August von Steinheil, German engineer, astronomer (died 1870)
23 October – Albert Lortzing, German composer (died 1851)
3 November – Karl Baedeker, German guidebook publisher (died 1859)^[14]
13 November – Queen Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, queen of Prussia (died 1873)
24 November – Ludwig Bechstein, German writer and collector of folk tales (died 1860)^[15]
4 December – Karl Ludwig Michelet, German philosopher (died 1893)^[16]
11 December – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (died 1836)

Date unknown

Thierry Hermès, German-born French businessman, founder of Hermès (died 1878)

Deaths

14 March – Christian Friedrich Penzel, German musician and composer (born 1737)
25 March – Novalis, German poet (born 1772)^[17]
26 April – Karl Heinrich Heydenreich, German philosopher (born 1764)^[18]
14 May – Johann Ernst Altenburg, German composer, organist and trumpeter (born 1734)^[19]
19 September – Johann Gottfried Koehler, German astronomer (born 1745)
23 October – Johann Gottlieb Naumann, Kapellmeister, conductor and composer (born 1741)^[20]

References

^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maximilian I., king of Bavaria" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 921.
^ "General German Biography - Wikisource". Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ Frederick William III at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ ^a ^b ^c Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 38.
^ Huish, Robert (1821). Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third. T. Kelly. p. 170.
^ ^a ^b "Oldenburg Royal Family". Monarchies of Europe. Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ Apfelstedt, F.; Apfelstedt, Heinrich Friedrich Theodor (1996). Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. ISBN 978-3-910132-29-0.
^ J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
^ "Biografie Georg I (German)". Meininger Museen. Archived from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
^ Albinus, Robert (1985). Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung (in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371. ISBN 3-7921-0320-6.
^ David, Saul (1998). Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-739-5. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ "Gustav Fechner - German psychologist and physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
^ Werner Georg Kümmel (1972). The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of Its Problems. Abingdon Press. p. 494. ISBN 9780687279265.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baedeker, Karl" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 191.
^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Bechstein, Ludwig" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Michelet, Karl Ludwig". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 370.
^ Tieck, Ludwig (2007) [1815]. "Ludwig Tieck "Biography of Novalis, 1815". In Donehower, Bruce (ed.). The Birth of Novalis: Friedrich Von Hardenberg's Journal of 1797, with Selected Letters and Documents. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 126–136. ISBN 9780791480687.
^ Klemme, Heiner F. (2006), "Heydenreich, Karl Heinrich", in Haakonssen, Knud (ed.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1180–81
^ "Altenburg Johann Ernst". Editions Bim. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^ Dieter Härtwig and Laurie Ongley: "Johann Gottlieb Naumann," Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 December 2006) (subscription access). Archived 16 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maximilian I., king of Bavaria" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 921.

[2] "General German Biography - Wikisource". Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[3] Frederick William III at the Encyclopædia Britannica

[genea-4] Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 38.

[5] Huish, Robert (1821). Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third. T. Kelly. p. 170.

[Olden-6] "Oldenburg Royal Family". Monarchies of Europe. Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.

[7] Apfelstedt, F.; Apfelstedt, Heinrich Friedrich Theodor (1996). Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. ISBN 978-3-910132-29-0.

[8] J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.

[Bio-9] "Biografie Georg I (German)". Meininger Museen. Archived from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.

[Albinus-10] Albinus, Robert (1985). Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung (in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371. ISBN 3-7921-0320-6.

[11] David, Saul (1998). Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-739-5. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[12] "Gustav Fechner - German psychologist and physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 January 2019.

[13] Werner Georg Kümmel (1972). The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of Its Problems. Abingdon Press. p. 494. ISBN 9780687279265.

[14] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baedeker, Karl" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 191.

[15] Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Bechstein, Ludwig" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

[16] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Michelet, Karl Ludwig". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 370.

[17] Tieck, Ludwig (2007) [1815]. "Ludwig Tieck "Biography of Novalis, 1815". In Donehower, Bruce (ed.). The Birth of Novalis: Friedrich Von Hardenberg's Journal of 1797, with Selected Letters and Documents. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 126–136. ISBN 9780791480687.

[18] Klemme, Heiner F. (2006), "Heydenreich, Karl Heinrich", in Haakonssen, Knud (ed.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1180–81

[19] "Altenburg Johann Ernst". Editions Bim. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2013.

[20] Dieter Härtwig and Laurie Ongley: "Johann Gottlieb Naumann," Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 December 2006) (subscription access). Archived 16 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
 {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
 {{Year in Germany|1801}}
@@ Line 22: / Line 23: @@
 ** [[Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Charles II]] (2 June 1794{{snd}}6 November 1816)<ref>{{cite book |last= Huish |first= Robert | title =Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third | publisher =T. Kelly | year =1821 | page =170 }}</ref>
 * '''[[Grand Duke of Oldenburg]]'''
-** [[Wilhelm, Duke of Oldenburg|Wilhelm]] (6 July 1785{{snd}}2 July 1823 ) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.<ref name="Olden">{{cite web |title=Oldenburg Royal Family |url=http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm |website=Monarchies of Europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm |access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=17 March 2006 }}</ref>
+** [[Wilhelm, Duke of Oldenburg|Wilhelm]] (6 July 1785{{snd}}2 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.<ref name="Olden">{{cite web |title=Oldenburg Royal Family |url=http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm |website=Monarchies of Europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317161934/http://www.btinternet.com/~allan_raymond/Oldenburg_Royal_Family.htm |access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=17 March 2006 }}</ref>
 ** [[Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Peter I]] (2 July 1823{{snd}}21 May 1829)<ref name="Olden" />
 * '''[[Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar]]'''
@@ Line 51: / Line 52: @@
 ** [[Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck|Frederick Charles Louis]] (24 February 1775{{snd}}25 March 1816)<ref name="Albinus">{{cite book|last=Albinus|first=Robert|title=Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung|publisher=Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg|year=1985|isbn=3-7921-0320-6|location=Leer|pages=371|language=de}}</ref>
 * '''[[Kingdom of Württemberg|Duke of Württemberg]]'''
-** [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick I]] (22 December 1797{{snd}}30 October 1816)<ref>{{Cite book|last=David|first=Saul|url=http://archive.org/details/princeofpleasure00davi|title=Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency|date=1998|publisher=New York : Atlantic Monthly Press|isbn=978-0-87113-739-5|access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>
+** [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick I]] (22 December 1797{{snd}}30 October 1816)<ref>{{Cite book|last=David|first=Saul|url=https://archive.org/details/princeofpleasure00davi|title=Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency|date=1998|publisher=New York : Atlantic Monthly Press|isbn=978-0-87113-739-5|access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>
 ===Other===
@@ Line 58: / Line 59: @@
 == Events ==
-* 9 February – The [[Treaty of Lunéville]] ends the [[War of the Second Coalition]] between France and Austria.  Under the terms of the treaty, [[Aachen]] is officially annexed by France.
+*[[9 February]] – The [[Treaty of Lunéville]] ends the [[War of the Second Coalition]] between France and Austria.  Under the terms of the treaty, [[Aachen]] is officially annexed by France.
 === Date unknown ===
@@ Line 65: / Line 66: @@
 == Births ==
-* 22 January – Friedrich Gerke, German pioneer of telegraphy (died 1888)
-* 19 April – Gustav Fechner, German psychologist (died 1887)
-* 17 May – Lovisa Åhrberg, Swedish surgeon (died 1881)
-* 16 June – [[Julius Plücker]], German mathematician, physicist (died 1868)
 [[File:Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, Queen of Prussia.jpg|thumb|110px|right| [[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria]]]]
 [[File:Hermann von Meyer.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer]]]]
+*[[22 January]] – Friedrich Gerke, German pioneer of telegraphy (died [[1888 in Germany|1888]])
-* 14 July – [[Johannes Peter Müller]], German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist (died 1858)
+*[[19 April]] – [[Gustav Fechner]], German psychologist (died [[1887 in Germany|1887]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustav-Fechner|title=Gustav Fechner - German psychologist and physicist|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=18 January 2019}}</ref>
-* 10 August – Christian Hermann Weisse, German Protestant religious philosopher (died 1866)
-* 3 September – [[Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer]], German palaeontologist (died 1869)
+*[[16 June]] – [[Julius Plücker]], German mathematician, physicist (died [[1868 in Germany|1868]])
+*[[14 July]] – [[Johannes Peter Müller]], German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist (died [[1858 in Germany|1858]])
-* 12 October – [[Carl August von Steinheil]], German engineer, astronomer (died 1870)
+*[[10 August]] – [[Christian Hermann Weisse]], German Protestant religious philosopher (died [[1866 in Germany|1866]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Werner Georg Kümmel|title=The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of Its Problems|publisher=Abingdon Press|year=1972|ISBN=9780687279265|page=494}}</ref>
-* 23 October – [[Albert Lortzing]], German composer (died 1851)
-* 3 November – Karl Baedeker, German guidebook publisher (died 1859)
+*[[3 September]] – [[Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer]], German palaeontologist (died [[1869 in Germany|1869]])
-* 13 November – Queen [[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria]], queen of Prussia (died 1873)
+*[[12 October]] – [[Carl August von Steinheil]], German engineer, astronomer (died [[1870 in Germany|1870]])
+*[[23 October]] – [[Albert Lortzing]], German composer (died [[1851 in Germany|1851]])
-* 24 November – Ludwig Bechstein, German writer and collector of folk tales (died 1860)
+*[[3 November]] – [[Karl Baedeker]], German guidebook publisher (died [[1859 in Germany|1859]])<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Baedeker, Karl|volume=3|page=191}}</ref>
-* 4 December – Karl Ludwig Michelet, German philosopher (died 1893)
-* 11 December – [[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]], German writer (died 1836)
+*[[13 November]] – Queen [[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria]], queen of Prussia (died [[1873 in Germany|1873]])
+*[[24 November]] – [[Ludwig Bechstein]], German writer and collector of folk tales (died [[1860 in Germany|1860]])<ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Bechstein, Ludwig|year=1905}}</ref>
+*[[4 December]] – [[Karl Ludwig Michelet]], German philosopher (died [[1893 in Germany|1893]])<ref>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Michelet, Karl Ludwig |volume=18 |page=370 |inline=1}}</ref>
+*[[11 December]] – [[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]], German writer (died [[1836 in Germany|1836]])
 === Date unknown ===
-* [[Thierry Hermès]], German-born French businessman, founder of [[Hermès]] (died 1878)
+* [[Thierry Hermès]], German-born French businessman, founder of [[Hermès]] (died [[1878 in Germany|1878]])
 == Deaths ==
-* 25 March – [[Novalis]], German poet (born 1772)
+*[[14 March]] – [[Christian Friedrich Penzel]], German musician and composer (born [[1737 in Germany|1737]])
+*[[25 March]] – [[Novalis]], German poet (born 1772)<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Donehower, Bruce|date=2007|orig-year=1815|author-last=Tieck, Ludwig|author-link=Ludwig Tieck|chapter=Ludwig Tieck "Biography of Novalis, 1815|chapter-url={{Google books|id=UYpkY-G1f84C|page=126|plainurl=yes}}|title=The Birth of Novalis: Friedrich Von Hardenberg's Journal of 1797, with Selected Letters and Documents|publisher=Albany, NY: State University of New York Press|pages=126–136|isbn=9780791480687}}</ref>
-* 19 September – [[Johann Gottfried Koehler]], German astronomer (born 1745)
+*[[26 April]] – [[Karl Heinrich Heydenreich]], German philosopher (born [[1764 in Germany|1764]])<ref>{{Citation | last=Klemme | first=Heiner F. | year=2006 | contribution=Heydenreich, Karl Heinrich | editor-last=Haakonssen | editor-first=Knud | title=The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=2 | pages=1180–81}}</ref>
+*[[14 May]] – [[Johann Ernst Altenburg]], German composer, organist and trumpeter (born [[1734 in Germany|1734]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.editions-bim.com/johann-ernst-altenburg-concerto-for-7-trumpets-and-timpani.html|accessdate=22 December 2013|publisher=Editions Bim|title=Altenburg Johann Ernst|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307111256/http://www.editions-bim.com/johann-ernst-altenburg-concerto-for-7-trumpets-and-timpani.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+*[[19 September]] – [[Johann Gottfried Koehler]], German astronomer (born 1745)
+*[[23 October]] – [[Johann Gottlieb Naumann]], Kapellmeister, conductor and composer (born [[1741 in Germany|1741]])<ref>[[Dieter Härtwig]] and Laurie Ongley: "Johann Gottlieb Naumann," Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 December 2006) [http://www.grovemusic.com/ (subscription access).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516041031/http://www.grovemusic.com/ |date=16 May 2008 }}</ref>
 == References ==
@@ Line 95: / Line 99: @@
 [[Category:Years of the 19th century in Germany]]
-[[Category:1801 in Germany| ]]
+[[Category:1801 in the Holy Roman Empire| ]]
-[[Category:1801 by country]]
+[[Category:1801 by country|Germany]]
-[[Category:1801 in Europe]]
+[[Category:1801 in Europe|Germany]]

v t e 1801 in Europe
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