Harold von Braunhut: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = Harold von Braunhut |
| name = Harold von Braunhut |
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| image = |
| image = Harold von Braunhut (1924-2003).webp |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| birth_name = Harold Nathan Braunhut |
| birth_name = Harold Nathan Braunhut |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1926|3|31}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1926|3|31}} |
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| birth_place = [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], U.S. |
| birth_place = [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], U.S. |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|11|28|1926|3|31}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|11|28|1926|3|31}} |
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| death_place = [[Indian Head, Maryland|Indian Head]], [[Maryland]], U.S. |
| death_place = [[Indian Head, Maryland|Indian Head]], [[Maryland]], U.S. |
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| nationality = |
| nationality = |
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| other_names = |
| other_names = |
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| occupation = Marketer, inventor |
| occupation = Marketer, inventor |
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| years_active = |
| years_active = |
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| known_for = [[Sea-Monkeys]] |
| known_for = [[Sea-Monkeys]]<br>[[X-ray specs]] |
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| notable_works = |
| notable_works = |
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| spouse = Charlotte (divorced)<br>Yolanda Signorelli |
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| children = 2 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Harold Nathan Braunhut''' (March 31, 1926 – November 28, 2003), also known as '''Harold von Braunhut''', was an American [[mail-order]] marketer and inventor most famous as the creator and seller of both the [[Sea-Monkeys|Amazing Sea-Monkeys]] and the [[X-Ray Specs (novelty)|X-ray specs]] |
'''Harold Nathan Braunhut''' (March 31, 1926 – November 28, 2003), also known as '''Harold von Braunhut''', was an American [[mail-order]] marketer and [[Invention|inventor]] most famous as the creator and seller of both the [[Sea-Monkeys|Amazing Sea-Monkeys]] and the [[X-Ray Specs (novelty)|X-ray specs]],<ref name="Evan Hughes">{{cite web |url=http://www.theawl.com/2011/06/the-shocking-true-tale-of-the-mad-genius-who-invented-sea-monkeys |title=The Shocking True Tale Of The Mad Genius Who Invented Sea-Monkeys |author=Evan Hughes |publisher=[[The Awl]] |date=June 28, 2011 |access-date=July 22, 2011 |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728171422/http://www.theawl.com/2011/06/the-shocking-true-tale-of-the-mad-genius-who-invented-sea-monkeys |url-status=live }}</ref> along with many other novelty products marketed towards children, often advertised in comic books. Von Braunhut also gained notoriety for his racial and political views. Despite his [[Jewish]] upbringing, he closely associated with white supremacist groups, including the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and the [[Aryan Nations]] organization. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Braunhut was born in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], on March 31, 1926.<ref name="obituary">{{cite news |title=Harold von Braunhut, Seller Of Sea Monkeys, Dies at 77 |author=Douglas Martin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/21/us/harold-von-braunhut-seller-of-sea-monkeys-dies-at-77.html |access-date=February 19, 2017 |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210231221/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/21/us/harold-von-braunhut-seller-of-sea-monkeys-dies-at-77.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He grew up in [[New York City]] and resided there until the 1980s, when he moved to [[Maryland]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Battle Over the Sea-Monkey Fortune |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/magazine/the-battle-over-the-sea-monkey-fortune.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=April 15, 2016 |access-date=2016-04-15 |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222195737/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/magazine/the-battle-over-the-sea-monkey-fortune.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a report in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', he was raised "as Harold Nathan Braunhut, a Jew"<ref name="SPLC">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1988/04/25/contrasts-of-a-private-persona/de3976fc-c0b0-4448-8e22-3c6d2edf593e/|title=Contrasts of a Private Persona|author=Eugene L. Meyer|date=April 25, 1988|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=October 13, 2018|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013093321/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1988/04/25/contrasts-of-a-private-persona/de3976fc-c0b0-4448-8e22-3c6d2edf593e/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
Braunhut was born in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]], on March 31, 1926, to Jeanette ([[née]] Cohen), whose family was in the toy business, and Edward Braunhut, owner of a printing shop.<ref name="obituary">{{cite news |title=Harold von Braunhut, Seller Of Sea Monkeys, Dies at 77 |author=Douglas Martin |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 21, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/21/us/harold-von-braunhut-seller-of-sea-monkeys-dies-at-77.html |access-date=February 19, 2017 |archive-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210231221/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/21/us/harold-von-braunhut-seller-of-sea-monkeys-dies-at-77.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SPLC" /> His grandfather, Tobias Cohn, was head of the T. Cohn Superior Toy Company, which he founded in 1900, until 1968, when he filed for bankruptcy and the company was purchased by Brumberger Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=T Cohn Superior Toy |url=https://www.binnsroad.co.uk/railways/cohn/index.html |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=www.binnsroad.co.uk}}</ref> He grew up in [[New York City]] and resided there until the 1980s, when he moved to [[Maryland]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Battle Over the Sea-Monkey Fortune |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/magazine/the-battle-over-the-sea-monkey-fortune.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=April 15, 2016 |access-date=2016-04-15 |archive-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222195737/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/magazine/the-battle-over-the-sea-monkey-fortune.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a report in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', he was raised "as Harold Nathan Braunhut, a Jew",<ref name="SPLC">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1988/04/25/contrasts-of-a-private-persona/de3976fc-c0b0-4448-8e22-3c6d2edf593e/|title=Contrasts of a Private Persona|author=Eugene L. Meyer|date=April 25, 1988|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=October 13, 2018|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013093321/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1988/04/25/contrasts-of-a-private-persona/de3976fc-c0b0-4448-8e22-3c6d2edf593e/|url-status=live}}</ref> and had a religious upringing — notable in light of his later association with [[white supremacist]] groups. He added "von" to his name some time in the 1950s for a more Germanic sound and so he could distance himself from his Jewish family.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news |title=Harold von Braunhut |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=December 24, 2003 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1450152/Harold-von-Braunhut.html |access-date=April 2, 2018 |archive-date=July 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703095736/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1450152/Harold-von-Braunhut.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Business activities== |
==Business activities== |
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* [[X-ray specs]], which advertisements claimed enabled the wearer to see through clothing and flesh. The product has appealed to generations of curious pre-adolescents. |
* [[X-ray specs]], which advertisements claimed enabled the wearer to see through clothing and flesh. The product has appealed to generations of curious pre-adolescents. |
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* [[Sea-Monkeys|Amazing Sea-Monkeys]], which were tiny [[brine shrimp]] eggs that "came to life" when water was added.<ref>Harold N. Braunhut, ''Method and Materials Used for Hatching Brine Shrimp''. {{US patent|3673986}}. 1972.</ref> Sales took an upswing when comic book illustrator [[Joe Orlando]] drew comic book advertisements showing the humanized Sea-Monkeys enjoying life in their underwater fantasy world. Billions of the tiny creatures have been sold over the years and have generated fan websites, a [[The Amazing Live Sea Monkeys|television series]], and a video game. Astronaut [[John Glenn]] took 400 million "Amazing Sea-Monkeys" into space with him in 1998.<ref name="Evan Hughes"/> |
* [[Sea-Monkeys|Amazing Sea-Monkeys]], which were tiny [[brine shrimp]] eggs that "came to life" when water was added.<ref>Harold N. Braunhut, ''Method and Materials Used for Hatching Brine Shrimp''. {{US patent|3673986}}. 1972.</ref> Sales took an upswing when comic book illustrator [[Joe Orlando]] drew comic book advertisements showing the humanized Sea-Monkeys enjoying life in their underwater fantasy world. Billions of the tiny creatures have been sold over the years and have generated fan websites, a [[The Amazing Live Sea Monkeys|television series]], and a video game. Astronaut [[John Glenn]] took 400 million "Amazing Sea-Monkeys" into space with him in 1998.<ref name="Evan Hughes"/> |
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* Crazy Crabs, which were simply [[hermit crab]]s in a box. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-09 |title=A Brief History of Sea-Monkeys |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/642405/sea-monkeys-history |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* Crazy Crabs, which were simply [[hermit crab]]s. |
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* Amazing Hair-Raising Monsters, a card with a printed monster that would grow "hair" (actually mineral crystals) when water was added. |
* Amazing Hair-Raising Monsters, a card with a printed monster that would grow "hair" (actually mineral crystals) when water was added. |
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* Invisible Goldfish, imaginary fish sold with a handbook, fish food and a glass bowl, that were guaranteed to remain permanently invisible. |
* Invisible Goldfish, imaginary fish sold with a handbook, fish food and a glass bowl, that were guaranteed to remain permanently invisible. |
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Braunhut also raced motorcycles under the name "The Green Hornet", and managed a showman (Henry Lamore or Henri LaMothe) whose act consisted of diving {{convert|40|ft}} into a children's wading pool filled with only {{convert|1|ft}} of water,<ref name="Evan Hughes"/> and the mentalist [[Joseph Dunninger|The |
Braunhut also raced motorcycles under the name "The Green Hornet", and managed a showman (Henry Lamore or Henri LaMothe) whose act consisted of diving {{convert|40|ft}} into a children's wading pool filled with only {{convert|1|ft}} of water,<ref name="Evan Hughes"/> and the mentalist [[Joseph Dunninger|The Amazing Dunninger]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Brott|first=Tamar|title=The Sea Monkeys and the White Supremacist|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-01-tm-29473-story.html|date=2000-10-01|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2021-02-20|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308192034/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-01-tm-29473-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Braunhut also set up a [[in-situ conservation|wildlife conservation area]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Zeises|first=Lara|title=Monkey Business To their adoring legions of fans, Sea-Monkeys are the ultimate in Kitsch. But their Maryland inventor says they're really a starter kit for environmental awareness. [sic]|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1997-07-21-1997202015-story.html|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=July 21, 1997|access-date=June 29, 2011|archive-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603161807/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1997-07-21-1997202015-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> in Maryland. |
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==Racial views== |
==Racial views== |
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''[[The Washington Post]]'' stated in a report that, despite his Jewish ethnicity, he had a close association with [[white supremacist]] groups, buying firearms for a [[Ku Klux Klan]] faction and regularly attending the [[Aryan Nations]] annual conference.<ref name='SPLC'/> “Hendrik von Braun" operated an organization calling itself the "National Anti-Zionist Institute" from the same [[Bryans Road, Maryland]] address that von Braunhut used to sell Sea Monkey merchandise.<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news |title=The Sea Monkeys and the White Supremacist |first=Tamar |last=Brott |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 1, 2000 |url= |
''[[The Washington Post]]'' stated in a report that, despite his Jewish ethnicity, he had a close association with [[white supremacist]] groups, buying firearms for a [[Ku Klux Klan]] faction and regularly attending the [[Aryan Nations]] annual conference.<ref name='SPLC'/> “Hendrik von Braun" operated an organization calling itself the "National Anti-Zionist Institute" from the same [[Bryans Road, Maryland]] address that von Braunhut used to sell Sea Monkey merchandise.<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news |title=The Sea Monkeys and the White Supremacist |first=Tamar |last=Brott |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 1, 2000 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-01-tm-29473-story.html |access-date=July 7, 2018 |archive-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719165940/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-01-tm-29473-story.html |url-status=live }} |
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</ref> In a 1988 interview with ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', he referred to the "inscrutable, slanty Korean eyes" of Korean shop owners and was quoted as saying, "You know what side I'm on. I don't make any bones about it."<ref name=LATimes /> |
</ref> In 1988, he was listed among a group of "outstanding Aryan nationalist leaders" at an Aryan Nations congress.<ref name="SPLC" /> |
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In a 1988 interview with ''[[The Seattle Times]]'', he referred to the "inscrutable, slanty Korean eyes" of Korean shop owners and was quoted as saying, "You know what side I'm on. I don't make any bones about it."<ref name="LATimes" /> |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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Von Braunhut first married Charlotte Braunhut. His second marriage was to actress Yolanda Signorelli, who took an active role in marketing Sea-Monkeys. They had a son, Jonathan, and a daughter, Jeanette LaMothe.{{citation needed|date = January 2017}} |
Von Braunhut first married Charlotte Braunhut. His second marriage was to actress Yolanda Signorelli, who took an active role in marketing Sea-Monkeys. They had a son, Jonathan, and a daughter, Jeanette LaMothe.{{citation needed|date = January 2017}} |
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Harold von Braunhut died on November 28, 2003, at his home in [[Indian Head, Maryland]] |
Harold von Braunhut died on November 28, 2003, at his home in [[Indian Head, Maryland]].<ref name="obituary" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:2003 deaths]] |
[[Category:2003 deaths]] |
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[[Category:20th-century American inventors]] |
[[Category:20th-century American inventors]] |
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[[Category:20th-century American Jews]] |
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[[Category:Accidental deaths from falls]] |
[[Category:Accidental deaths from falls]] |
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[[Category:Accidental deaths in Maryland]] |
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Maryland]] |
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[[Category:American fraudsters]] |
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[[Category:American people of Jewish descent]] |
[[Category:American people of Jewish descent]] |
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[[Category:American neo-Nazis]] |
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[[Category:Critics of Judaism]] |
[[Category:Critics of Judaism]] |
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[[Category:Jewish American anti-Zionists]] |
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[[Category:People from Memphis, Tennessee]] |
[[Category:People from Memphis, Tennessee]] |
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[[Category:Toy controversies]] |
[[Category:Toy controversies]] |
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[[Category:Toy inventors]] |
[[Category:Toy inventors]] |
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[[Category:Neo-Nazis of Jewish descent]] |
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Latest revision as of 02:44, 25 September 2024
Harold von Braunhut | |
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Born | Harold Nathan Braunhut March 31, 1926 |
Died | November 28, 2003 Indian Head, Maryland, U.S. | (aged 77)
Occupation(s) | Marketer, inventor |
Known for | Sea-Monkeys X-ray specs |
Spouse(s) | Charlotte (divorced) Yolanda Signorelli |
Children | 2 |
Harold Nathan Braunhut (March 31, 1926 – November 28, 2003), also known as Harold von Braunhut, was an American mail-order marketer and inventor most famous as the creator and seller of both the Amazing Sea-Monkeys and the X-ray specs,[1] along with many other novelty products marketed towards children, often advertised in comic books. Von Braunhut also gained notoriety for his racial and political views. Despite his Jewish upbringing, he closely associated with white supremacist groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the Aryan Nations organization.
Early life
[edit]Braunhut was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on March 31, 1926, to Jeanette (née Cohen), whose family was in the toy business, and Edward Braunhut, owner of a printing shop.[2][3] His grandfather, Tobias Cohn, was head of the T. Cohn Superior Toy Company, which he founded in 1900, until 1968, when he filed for bankruptcy and the company was purchased by Brumberger Inc.[4] He grew up in New York City and resided there until the 1980s, when he moved to Maryland.[5] According to a report in The Washington Post, he was raised "as Harold Nathan Braunhut, a Jew",[3] and had a religious upringing — notable in light of his later association with white supremacist groups. He added "von" to his name some time in the 1950s for a more Germanic sound and so he could distance himself from his Jewish family.[6]
Business activities
[edit]Braunhut used comic book advertisements to sell an assortment of products, many of which were misleadingly advertised. He held 195 patents[1] for various products, many of which have become cultural icons, including:[6]
- X-ray specs, which advertisements claimed enabled the wearer to see through clothing and flesh. The product has appealed to generations of curious pre-adolescents.
- Amazing Sea-Monkeys, which were tiny brine shrimp eggs that "came to life" when water was added.[7] Sales took an upswing when comic book illustrator Joe Orlando drew comic book advertisements showing the humanized Sea-Monkeys enjoying life in their underwater fantasy world. Billions of the tiny creatures have been sold over the years and have generated fan websites, a television series, and a video game. Astronaut John Glenn took 400 million "Amazing Sea-Monkeys" into space with him in 1998.[1]
- Crazy Crabs, which were simply hermit crabs in a box. [8]
- Amazing Hair-Raising Monsters, a card with a printed monster that would grow "hair" (actually mineral crystals) when water was added.
- Invisible Goldfish, imaginary fish sold with a handbook, fish food and a glass bowl, that were guaranteed to remain permanently invisible.
Braunhut also raced motorcycles under the name "The Green Hornet", and managed a showman (Henry Lamore or Henri LaMothe) whose act consisted of diving 40 feet (12 m) into a children's wading pool filled with only 1 foot (0.30 m) of water,[1] and the mentalist The Amazing Dunninger.[9] Braunhut also set up a wildlife conservation area[10] in Maryland.
Racial views
[edit]The Washington Post stated in a report that, despite his Jewish ethnicity, he had a close association with white supremacist groups, buying firearms for a Ku Klux Klan faction and regularly attending the Aryan Nations annual conference.[3] “Hendrik von Braun" operated an organization calling itself the "National Anti-Zionist Institute" from the same Bryans Road, Maryland address that von Braunhut used to sell Sea Monkey merchandise.[11] In 1988, he was listed among a group of "outstanding Aryan nationalist leaders" at an Aryan Nations congress.[3]
In a 1988 interview with The Seattle Times, he referred to the "inscrutable, slanty Korean eyes" of Korean shop owners and was quoted as saying, "You know what side I'm on. I don't make any bones about it."[11]
Personal life
[edit]Von Braunhut first married Charlotte Braunhut. His second marriage was to actress Yolanda Signorelli, who took an active role in marketing Sea-Monkeys. They had a son, Jonathan, and a daughter, Jeanette LaMothe.[citation needed]
Harold von Braunhut died on November 28, 2003, at his home in Indian Head, Maryland.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Evan Hughes (June 28, 2011). "The Shocking True Tale Of The Mad Genius Who Invented Sea-Monkeys". The Awl. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
- ^ a b Douglas Martin (December 21, 2003). "Harold von Braunhut, Seller Of Sea Monkeys, Dies at 77". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Eugene L. Meyer (April 25, 1988). "Contrasts of a Private Persona". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
- ^ "T Cohn Superior Toy". www.binnsroad.co.uk. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
- ^ "The Battle Over the Sea-Monkey Fortune". The New York Times Magazine. April 15, 2016. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- ^ a b "Harold von Braunhut". The Daily Telegraph. December 24, 2003. Archived from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ^ Harold N. Braunhut, Method and Materials Used for Hatching Brine Shrimp. U.S. patent 3,673,986. 1972.
- ^ "A Brief History of Sea-Monkeys". Mental Floss. March 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
- ^ Brott, Tamar (October 1, 2000). "The Sea Monkeys and the White Supremacist". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ Zeises, Lara (July 21, 1997). "Monkey Business To their adoring legions of fans, Sea-Monkeys are the ultimate in Kitsch. But their Maryland inventor says they're really a starter kit for environmental awareness. [sic]". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
- ^ a b Brott, Tamar (October 1, 2000). "The Sea Monkeys and the White Supremacist". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 19, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
- 1926 births
- 2003 deaths
- 20th-century American inventors
- 20th-century American Jews
- Accidental deaths from falls
- Accidental deaths in Maryland
- American fraudsters
- American people of Jewish descent
- American neo-Nazis
- Critics of Judaism
- Jewish American anti-Zionists
- People from Memphis, Tennessee
- Toy controversies
- Toy inventors
- Neo-Nazis of Jewish descent
- Jews from Tennessee