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Crossover is a term applied to musical works or performers who appeal to different types of audiences. This can be seen, for example, when a song appears on two or more of the record charts, which track differing musical styles or genres.^[1]

In some contexts, the term "crossover" can have negative connotations associated with cultural appropriation, implying the dilution of a music's distinctive qualities to appeal to mass tastes. For example, in the early years of rock and roll, many songs originally recorded by African-American musicians were re-recorded by white artists such as Pat Boone in a more toned-down style, often with changed lyrics, that lacked the hard edge of the original versions. These covers were popular with a much broader audience.^[2]

Crossover frequently results from the appearance of the music in a film soundtrack. For instance, Sacred Harp music experienced a spurt of crossover popularity as a result of its appearance in the 2003 film Cold Mountain, and bluegrass music experienced a revival due to the reception of 2000's O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

Classical crossover

Classical crossover broadly encompasses both classical music that has become popularized and a wide variety of popular music forms performed in a classical manner or by classical artists. It can also refer to collaborations between classical and popular performers, as well as music that blends elements of classical music (including operatic and symphonic) with popular music (including pop, rock, middle of the road, and Latin, among other types). Pop vocalists and musicians, opera singers, classical instrumentalists, and occasionally rock groups primarily perform classical crossover. Although the phenomenon has long been widespread in the music industry, record companies first used the term "classical crossover" in the 1980s.^[3] It has gained in popularity since the 1990s and has acquired its own Billboard chart.^[3]

Popular classics

Canon and Gigue in D

Performed and realized on synthesizers by Jeffrey Hall.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

A means of generating vast popularity for the classics has been through their use as inspirational anthems in sports settings. The aria "Nessun Dorma" from Puccini's Turandot, especially Luciano Pavarotti's version, has become indissolubly linked with soccer.^[4]

Classical performers

Within the classical recording industry, the term "crossover" is applied particularly to classical artists' recordings of popular repertoire such as Broadway show tunes. Two examples of this are Lesley Garrett's excursions into musical comedy and José Carreras's recording West Side Story, as well as Teresa Stratas' recording Showboat. Soprano Eileen Farrell is generally considered to be one of the first classical singers to have a successful crossover recording with her 1960 album I've Got a Right to Sing the Blues.^[5]

The first Three Tenors concert in 1990 was a landmark in which Luciano Pavarotti, José Carreras and Plácido Domingo brought a combination of opera, Neapolitan folksong, musical theatre and pop to a vast television audience. This laid the foundations for the modern flourishing of classical crossover.^[6]

Collaborations between classical and popular performers have included Sting and Edin Karamazov's album Songs from the Labyrinth. A collaboration between Freddie Mercury and soprano Montserrat Caballé resulted in the worldwide hit "Barcelona". R&B singer Mariah Carey performed a live duet with her mother Patricia, who is an opera singer, of the Christmas song "O Come, All Ye Faithful". Welsh mezzo-soprano Katherine Jenkins performed a duet with rock singer Michael Bolton of O Holy Night. Singers and instrumentalists from the classical tradition, Andreas Dorschel has argued, run the risk of losing the sophistication of the genre(s) they were trained in, when they try to perform rock music, without coming up to the often rough and wild qualities of the latter.^[7]

Italian pop tenor Andrea Bocelli, who is the biggest-selling singer in the history of classical music,^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] has been described as the king of classical crossover.^[12]^[13] British soprano Sarah Brightman is also considered a crossover classical artist,^[14] having released albums of classical, folk, pop and musical-theatre music. Brightman dislikes the classical crossover label, though she has said she understands the need to categorize music.^[15] In the 2008 Polish release of her Symphony album she sings "I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)" with Polish tenor Andrzej Lampert, another artist who has performed in both classical and non-classical styles, as well as having actually obtained full musical training and academic degrees in both (though operatic singing is his main professional focus^[16]^[17]).^[18]

References

^ Lonergan, Hit Records, 1950–1975, p. vi: "These [Country & Western and Rhythm & Blues], and the somewhat newer Adult Contemporary charts, occasionally exhibited what are called 'crossover' hits, when a Pop, C&W, or R&B star would have a hit that also charted on one or more of the other lists.
^ Gilliland 1969, show 4, track 5; show 6, track 4.
^ ^a ^b "Música Classical Crossover". artdancemovies.com (in Spanish). 24 August 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015.
^ "Nessun Dorma put football back on map", The Telegraph, 7 September 2007 (accessed 24 September 2015).
^ Tommasini, Anthony (25 March 2002). "Eileen Farrell, Soprano With a Populist Bent, Dies at 82". The New York Times.
^ Fryer, Paul (2014). Opera in the Media Age: Essays on Art, Technology and Popular Culture. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 128. ISBN 978-1476616209. [O]pera-pop crossovers as a phenomenon truly took off in the 1990s, from the Three Tenors concert onwards.
^ Andreas Dorschel, 'Entgrenzung der klassischen Musik?', grazkunst 04.2017, pp. 24−25.
^ "Operation Bocelli: the making of a superstar". The Age. Melbourne. 26 February 2003.
^ "Andrea Bocelli in Abu Dhabi". 2 March 2009.
^ "REVIEW: Classical music star Andrea Bocelli at Liverpool arena". Liverpool Daily Post. 7 November 2009.
^ {{Cite Mexican pop tenor Mauro Calderón, who is a very known classical pop tenor in Mexico and Japan. musicweb|url=https://www.allgigs.co.uk/view/article/2263/Andrea_Bocelli_Announces_November_2010_UK_Arena_Dates.html%7Ctitle=Andrea Bocelli Announces November 2010 UK Arena Dates|website=Allgigs}}
^ "The king of Operatic pop". The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 August 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2008.
^ Domingo And Bocelli: Keeping Opera Relevant, National Public Radio radio interview, 21 November 2008.
^ "Sarah Brightman". Sarah Brightman Tickets. 14 August 1960. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
^ "Sarah Brightman fan site". 123allcelebs.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
^ "Polish Tenor Impresses Salzburg". 13 September 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
^ "Andrzej Lampert, XVIII Ludwik van Beethoven Easter Festival". Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
^ "Andrzej Lampert, tenor: Schedule". Retrieved 3 January 2016.

Bibliography

Gilliland, John (1969). "The Tribal Drum: The rise of rhythm and blues" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
Lonergan, David F. Hit Records, 1950–1975. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8108-5129-6

External links

Article on the definition of Classical Crossover

[1] Lonergan, Hit Records, 1950–1975, p. vi: "These [Country & Western and Rhythm & Blues], and the somewhat newer Adult Contemporary charts, occasionally exhibited what are called 'crossover' hits, when a Pop, C&W, or R&B star would have a hit that also charted on one or more of the other lists.

[FOOTNOTEGilliland1969show_4,_track_5;_show_6,_track_4-2] Gilliland 1969, show 4, track 5; show 6, track 4.

[Classical_Crossover-3] "Música Classical Crossover". artdancemovies.com (in Spanish). 24 August 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015.

[telegraph.co.uk-4] "Nessun Dorma put football back on map", The Telegraph, 7 September 2007 (accessed 24 September 2015).

[5] Tommasini, Anthony (25 March 2002). "Eileen Farrell, Soprano With a Populist Bent, Dies at 82". The New York Times.

[6] Fryer, Paul (2014). Opera in the Media Age: Essays on Art, Technology and Popular Culture. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 128. ISBN 978-1476616209. [O]pera-pop crossovers as a phenomenon truly took off in the 1990s, from the Three Tenors concert onwards.

[7] Andreas Dorschel, 'Entgrenzung der klassischen Musik?', grazkunst 04.2017, pp. 24−25.

[8] "Operation Bocelli: the making of a superstar". The Age. Melbourne. 26 February 2003.

[9] "Andrea Bocelli in Abu Dhabi". 2 March 2009.

[10] "REVIEW: Classical music star Andrea Bocelli at Liverpool arena". Liverpool Daily Post. 7 November 2009.

[11] {{Cite Mexican pop tenor Mauro Calderón, who is a very known classical pop tenor in Mexico and Japan. musicweb|url=https://www.allgigs.co.uk/view/article/2263/Andrea_Bocelli_Announces_November_2010_UK_Arena_Dates.html%7Ctitle=Andrea Bocelli Announces November 2010 UK Arena Dates|website=Allgigs}}

[SMH001-12] "The king of Operatic pop". The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 August 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2008.

[13] Domingo And Bocelli: Keeping Opera Relevant, National Public Radio radio interview, 21 November 2008.

[14] "Sarah Brightman". Sarah Brightman Tickets. 14 August 1960. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.

[15] "Sarah Brightman fan site". 123allcelebs.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.

[16] "Polish Tenor Impresses Salzburg". 13 September 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2016.

[17] "Andrzej Lampert, XVIII Ludwik van Beethoven Easter Festival". Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.

[18] "Andrzej Lampert, tenor: Schedule". Retrieved 3 January 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|musical works that appeal to different types of audiences}}
+{{Short description|Musical works that appeal to different types of audiences}}
-{{About|Crossover music|other uses|Crossover (disambiguation){{!}}Crossover|and|Crossover thrash}}
 {{multiple issues|
 {{original research|date=June 2014}}
@@ Line 8: / Line 7: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
-'''Crossover''' is a term applied to [[Musical composition|musical works]] or performers who appeal to different types of [[audience]], for example (especially in the [[United States]]) by appearing on two or more of the [[record chart]]s which track differing musical styles or [[Music genre|genres]].<ref>Lonergan, ''Hit Records, 1950–1975'', p. vi: "These [Country &amp; Western and Rhythm &amp; Blues], and the somewhat newer Adult Contemporary charts, occasionally exhibited what are called 'crossover' hits, when a Pop, C&amp;W, or R&amp;B star would have a hit that also charted on one or more of the other lists.</ref> If the second chart combines genres, such as a "[[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]]" list, the work is not a ''crossover''.
+'''Crossover''' is a term applied to [[Musical composition|musical works]] or performers who appeal to different types of [[audience|audiences]]. This can be seen, for example, when a song appears on two or more of the [[record chart|record charts]], which track differing musical styles or [[Music genre|genres]].<ref>Lonergan, ''Hit Records, 1950–1975'', p. vi: "These [Country &amp; Western and Rhythm &amp; Blues], and the somewhat newer Adult Contemporary charts, occasionally exhibited what are called 'crossover' hits, when a Pop, C&amp;W, or R&amp;B star would have a hit that also charted on one or more of the other lists.</ref>
-In some contexts the term "crossover" can have negative connotations associated with [[cultural appropriation]], implying the dilution of a music's distinctive qualities to appeal to mass tastes. For example, in the early years of [[rock and roll]], many songs originally recorded by [[African-American music]]ians were re-recorded by white artists such as [[Pat Boone]] in a more toned-down style, often with changed [[lyrics]], that lacked the hard edge of the original versions. These [[cover version|covers]] were popular with a much broader audience.{{sfn |Gilliland |1969 |loc=show 4, track 5; show 6, track 4}}
+In some contexts, the term "crossover" can have negative connotations associated with [[cultural appropriation]], implying the dilution of a music's distinctive qualities to appeal to mass tastes. For example, in the early years of [[rock and roll]], many songs originally recorded by [[African-American music]]ians were re-recorded by white artists such as [[Pat Boone]] in a more toned-down style, often with changed [[lyrics]], that lacked the hard edge of the original versions. These [[cover version|covers]] were popular with a much broader audience.{{sfn |Gilliland |1969 |loc=show 4, track 5; show 6, track 4}}
 Crossover frequently results from the appearance of the music in a film soundtrack. For instance, [[Sacred Harp]] music experienced a spurt of crossover popularity as a result of its appearance in the 2003 film ''[[Cold Mountain (film)|Cold Mountain]]'', and [[bluegrass music]] experienced a revival due to the reception of 2000's ''[[O Brother, Where Art Thou?]]''.
@@ Line 19: / Line 18: @@
 {{See also|Operatic pop}}
-Classical crossover broadly encompasses both [[European classical music|classical music]] that has become popularized and a wide variety of [[popular music]] forms performed in a classical manner or by classical artists. It can also refer to collaborations between classical and popular performers, as well as music that blends elements of classical music (including [[opera]]tic and [[Symphony|symphonic]]) with popular music (including [[pop music|pop]], [[rock music|rock]], [[Middle of the road (music)|middle of the road]], and [[Music of Latin America|Latin]], among other types). Pop vocalists and musicians, opera singers, classical instrumentalists, and occasionally rock groups primarily perform classical crossover. Although the phenomenon was long common in the music world, the name "classical crossover" was coined by record companies in the 1980s.<ref name="Classical Crossover">{{cite web|url=http://es.artdancemovies.com/music/music-genres/1008035810.html |title=Música Classical Crossover |editor=artdancemovies.com |date=24 August 2015 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925105512/http://es.artdancemovies.com/music/music-genres/1008035810.html |archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> It has gained in popularity since the 1990s and has acquired its own ''Billboard'' chart.<ref name="Classical Crossover" />
+Classical crossover broadly encompasses both [[European classical music|classical music]] that has become popularized and a wide variety of [[popular music]] forms performed in a classical manner or by classical artists. It can also refer to collaborations between classical and popular performers, as well as music that blends elements of classical music (including [[opera]]tic and [[Symphony|symphonic]]) with popular music (including [[pop music|pop]], [[rock music|rock]], [[Middle of the road (music)|middle of the road]], and [[Music of Latin America|Latin]], among other types). Pop vocalists and musicians, opera singers, classical instrumentalists, and occasionally rock groups primarily perform classical crossover. Although the phenomenon has long been widespread in the music industry, record companies first used the term "classical crossover" in the 1980s.<ref name="Classical Crossover">{{cite web|url=http://es.artdancemovies.com/music/music-genres/1008035810.html |title=Música Classical Crossover|website=artdancemovies.com |date=24 August 2015 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925105512/http://es.artdancemovies.com/music/music-genres/1008035810.html |archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> It has gained in popularity since the 1990s and has acquired its own ''Billboard'' chart.<ref name="Classical Crossover" />
 ===Popular classics===
@@ Line 28: / Line 27: @@
  | format      = [[Ogg]]
 }}
-Particular works of classical music have become popular among individuals who mostly listen to popular music, sometimes appearing on non-classical charts. Some classical works that achieved crossover status in the twentieth century include the ''[[Pachelbel's canon|Canon in D]]'' by [[Johann Pachelbel]], the ''[[Symphony No. 3 (Górecki)|Symphony No. 3]]'' by [[Henryk Górecki]], and the second movement of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s ''[[Piano Concerto No. 21 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 21, K. 467]]'' (from its appearance in the 1967 film ''[[Elvira Madigan]]'').
+A means of generating vast popularity for the classics has been through their use as inspirational anthems in sports settings. The aria "[[Nessun Dorma]]" from [[Puccini]]'s ''[[Turandot]]'', especially [[Luciano Pavarotti]]'s version, has become indissolubly linked with soccer.<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562471/Nessun-Dorma-put-football-back-on-map.html "Nessun Dorma put football back on map"], ''The Telegraph'', 7 September 2007 (accessed 24 September 2015).</ref>
-Such popularity has been assisted by the use of classical music in advertising campaigns. For example, the long-running [[British Airways]] advertisements familiarised a large viewing public with the song ''Aria'' by New Age artist'' ''[[Yanni]], a piece itself based on a duet from the opera ''[[Lakmé]]'' by [[Léo Delibes]].
-Another means of generating vast popularity for the classics has been through their use as inspirational anthems in sports settings. The aria "[[Nessun Dorma]]" from [[Puccini]]'s ''[[Turandot]]'', especially [[Luciano Pavarotti]]'s version, has become indissolubly linked with soccer.<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1562471/Nessun-Dorma-put-football-back-on-map.html "Nessun Dorma put football back on map"], ''The Telegraph'', 7 September 2007 (accessed 24 September 2015).</ref>
 ===Classical performers===
-Within the classical recording industry, the term "crossover" is applied particularly to classical artists' recordings of popular repertoire such as [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] show tunes. Two examples of this are [[Lesley Garrett]]'s excursions into musical comedy and also [[José Carreras]]'s recording ''[[West Side Story]]'', as well as [[Teresa Stratas]]' recording ''[[Showboat (musical)|Showboat]]''. Soprano [[Eileen Farrell]] is generally considered to be one of the first classical singers to have a successful crossover recording with her 1960 album ''I've Got a Right to Sing the Blues''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/25/arts/eileen-farrell-soprano-with-a-populist-bent-dies-at-82.html|date=25 March 2002|work=The New York Times|first=Anthony|last=Tommasini|author-link=Anthony Tommasini|title=Eileen Farrell, Soprano With a Populist Bent, Dies at 82}}</ref>
+Within the classical recording industry, the term "crossover" is applied particularly to classical artists' recordings of popular repertoire such as [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] show tunes. Two examples of this are [[Lesley Garrett]]'s excursions into musical comedy and [[José Carreras]]'s recording ''[[West Side Story]]'', as well as [[Teresa Stratas]]' recording ''[[Showboat (musical)|Showboat]]''. Soprano [[Eileen Farrell]] is generally considered to be one of the first classical singers to have a successful crossover recording with her 1960 album ''I've Got a Right to Sing the Blues''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/25/arts/eileen-farrell-soprano-with-a-populist-bent-dies-at-82.html|date=25 March 2002|work=The New York Times|first=Anthony|last=Tommasini|author-link=Anthony Tommasini|title=Eileen Farrell, Soprano With a Populist Bent, Dies at 82}}</ref>
+The first [[Three Tenors]] concert in 1990 was a landmark in which [[Luciano Pavarotti]], [[José Carreras]] and [[Plácido Domingo]] brought a combination of opera, Neapolitan folksong, musical theatre and pop to a vast television audience. This laid the foundations for the modern flourishing of classical crossover.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fryer|first1=Paul|title=Opera in the Media Age: Essays on Art, Technology and Popular Culture|date=2014|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers|location=Jefferson|isbn=978-1476616209|page=128|quote=[O]pera-pop crossovers as a phenomenon truly took off in the 1990s, from the Three Tenors concert onwards.}}</ref>
-A popular pioneering figure in classical crossover was classically trained [[tenor]] and film star [[Mario Lanza]], although the term "crossover" did not yet exist at the time of his greatest popularity in the 1950s. Signed to [[RCA Victor]] as an artist on its premium [[RCA Red Seal Records|Red Seal]] label, Lanza's albums appealed to more than just classical music audiences. His recording of "[[Be My Love]]" from his second film, ''[[The Toast of New Orleans]]'', hit Number One on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' pop singles chart in February 1951 and sold more than two million copies, a feat no classical artist before or since has achieved. Lanza recorded two other million-selling singles that made Billboard's top ten, "[[The Loveliest Night of the Year]]" and "[[Because You're Mine]]". Five of Lanza's albums hit Number One on Billboard's pop album chart between 1951 and 1955. ''[[The Great Caruso]]'' was the first and to date is the only recording composed exclusively of operatic arias to reach Number One on the U.S. pop album charts. ''[[The Student Prince]]'', released in 1954, was Number One for 42 weeks.
+Collaborations between classical and popular performers have included [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] and [[Edin Karamazov]]'s album ''[[Songs from the Labyrinth]]''. A collaboration between [[Freddie Mercury]] and soprano [[Montserrat Caballé]] resulted in the worldwide hit "[[Barcelona (Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Caballé song)|Barcelona]]". [[R&B]] singer [[Mariah Carey]] performed a live duet with her mother Patricia, who is an opera singer, of the [[Christmas songs|Christmas song]] "[[O Come, All Ye Faithful]]". Welsh mezzo-soprano [[Katherine Jenkins]] performed a duet with rock singer [[Michael Bolton]] of [[O Holy Night]]. Singers and instrumentalists from the classical tradition, [[Andreas Dorschel]] has argued, run the risk of losing the sophistication of the genre(s) they were trained in, when they try to perform rock music, without coming up to the often rough and wild qualities of the latter.<ref>Andreas Dorschel, 'Entgrenzung der klassischen Musik?', ''grazkunst'' 04.2017, pp. 24−25.</ref>
-Arguably another early pioneer of crossover was the twentieth century composer [[Kurt Weill]]. A writer of avant garde serious music, his collaborations with playwright [[Bertolt Brecht]] on projects such as [[The Threepenny Opera]] nevertheless gave an early indication of his interest in writing in an easily accessible, popular musical style. This trend in his work came to full fruition in later life in the United States, where he switched primarily to writing the scores for Broadway musicals such as [[Knickerbocker Holiday]] and [[One Touch of Venus]]. Some of the hits from those shows, such as [[September Song]] and [[Speak Low]], are better remembered than the musicals from which they came.
+Italian pop [[tenor]] [[Andrea Bocelli]], who is the biggest-selling singer in the history of classical music,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/02/25/1046064026608.html |title=Operation Bocelli: the making of a superstar |date=26 February 2003 |work=The Age |location=Melbourne }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeoutdubai.com/art/features/6754-andrea-bocelli-in-abu-dhabi |title= Andrea Bocelli in Abu Dhabi |date= 2 March 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2009/11/07/review-classical-music-star-andrea-bocelli-at-liverpool-arena-92534-25114619 |title=REVIEW: Classical music star Andrea Bocelli at Liverpool arena |date=7 November 2009 |work=[[Liverpool Daily Post]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite
-The first [[Three Tenors]] concert in 1990 was a landmark in which [[Luciano Pavarotti]], [[José Carreras]] and [[Plácido Domingo]] brought a combination of opera, Neapolitan folksong, musical theatre and pop to a vast television audience. This laid the foundations for the modern flourishing of classical crossover.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fryer|first1=Paul|title=Opera in the Media Age: Essays on Art, Technology and Popular Culture|date=2014|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers|location=Jefferson|isbn=1476616205|page=128|quote=[O]pera-pop crossovers as a phenomenon truly took off in the 1990s, from the Three Tenors concert onwards.}}</ref>
+Mexican pop [[tenor]] [[Mauro Calderón]], who is a very known classical pop tenor in Mexico and Japan. musicweb|url=https://www.allgigs.co.uk/view/article/2263/Andrea_Bocelli_Announces_November_2010_UK_Arena_Dates.html|title=Andrea Bocelli Announces November 2010 UK Arena Dates|website=Allgigs}}</ref> has been described as the king of classical crossover.<ref name="SMH001">{{cite news | title = The king of Operatic pop |work=The Sydney Morning Herald| date = 28 August 2004 | url = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/08/27/1093518069667.html | access-date = 19 January 2008}}</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/player/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=97289203&m=97327740 Domingo And Bocelli: Keeping Opera Relevant], [[National Public Radio]] radio interview, 21 November 2008.</ref> British soprano [[Sarah Brightman]] is also considered a crossover classical artist,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sarahbrightmantickets.org/sarah-brightman-info |title=Sarah Brightman |publisher=Sarah Brightman Tickets |date=14 August 1960 |access-date=25 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129042216/http://www.sarahbrightmantickets.org/sarah-brightman-info |archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> having released albums of classical, folk, pop and musical-theatre music. Brightman dislikes the classical crossover label, though she has said she understands the need to categorize music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123allcelebs.com/biography_of_sarah_brightman-718_eng.html |title=Sarah Brightman fan site |publisher=123allcelebs.com |access-date=25 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107020417/http://www.123allcelebs.com/biography_of_sarah_brightman-718_eng.html |archive-date=7 January 2010 }}</ref> In the 2008 Polish release of her ''[[Symphony (Sarah Brightman album)|Symphony]]'' album she sings "[[I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)]]" with Polish tenor [[Andrzej Lampert]], another artist who has performed in both classical and non-classical styles, as well as having actually obtained full musical training and academic degrees in both (though operatic singing is his main professional focus<ref>{{cite web|url=http://culture.pl/en/article/polish-tenor-impresses-salzburg |title= Polish Tenor Impresses Salzburg |date=13 September 2013|access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beethoven.org.pl/en/festiwalewielkanocne/xviiiwielkanocnyfestiwallvb/artists/andrzejlampert|title=Andrzej Lampert, XVIII Ludwik van Beethoven Easter Festival|access-date=3 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106234800/http://www.beethoven.org.pl/en/festiwalewielkanocne/xviiiwielkanocnyfestiwallvb/artists/andrzejlampert|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://operabase.com/a/Andrzej_Lampert/21124 |title=Andrzej Lampert, tenor: Schedule |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref>
-The aspiration of classical singers to appeal to a wide pop audience is exemplified by the career of [[Rhydian Roberts|Rhydian]]. Classically trained, Rhydian appeared in the UK version of the pop talent show ''[[The X Factor (UK)|X Factor]]'' (4th series, 2007, placed second). His four albums and subsequent appearances have straddled pop, classical, musical theatre and religious television fields. This also applies to classically trained instrumentalists, such as [[Vanessa Mae]], [[Bond (band)|Bond]], [[Escala (group)|Escala]], [[David Garrett (violinist)|David Garrett]], [[Taylor Davis (violinist)|Taylor Davis]], [[Stjepan Hauser]], [[Luka Šulić]], [[2CELLOS]], [[Eric Stanley (violinist)|Eric Stanley]] and [[Catya Maré]].
-Collaborations between classical and popular performers have included [[Sting (musician)|Sting]] and [[Edin Karamazov]]'s album ''[[Songs from the Labyrinth]]''. A collaboration between [[Freddie Mercury]] and soprano [[Montserrat Caballé]] resulted in the worldwide hit "[[Barcelona (Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Caballé song)|Barcelona]]". [[R&B]] singer [[Mariah Carey]] performed a live duet with her mother Patricia, who is an opera singer, of the [[Christmas songs|Christmas song]] - [[O Come, All Ye Faithful]]. Welsh soprano [[Katherine Jenkins]] performed a duet with Rock-singer [[Michael Bolton]] of [[O Holy Night]]. Singers and instrumentalists from the classical tradition, [[Andreas Dorschel]] has argued, run the risk of losing the sophistication of the genre(s) they were trained in, when they try to perform rock music, without coming up to the often rough and wild qualities of the latter.<ref>Andreas Dorschel, 'Entgrenzung der klassischen Musik?', ''grazkunst'' 04.2017, pp. 24−25.</ref>
-===Pop performers in classical and mixed genres===
-Pop singers have consistently sought to attain a symphonic or operatic dimension in their writing and performance.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}} An early example is ''[[Une Nuit A Paris]]'', a miniature [[rock opera]] from ''[[The Original Soundtrack]]'' (1975) by [[10cc]]. Other pioneering works include [[The Moody Blues]]'s ''[[Days of Future Passed]]'' (1967), [[Deep Purple]]'s ''[[Concerto for Group and Orchestra]]'' (1969) and ''[[Gemini Suite Live]]'' (1970) as well as [[Rick Wakeman]]'s ''[[Journey to the Centre of the Earth (album)|Journey to the Centre of the Earth]]'' (1974), and ''[[The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table]]'' (1975). More recent examples include "Genuine Imitation Life" from ''Genuine Imitation Life Gazette'' (1969) by [[The Four Seasons (band)|The Four Seasons]], as well as [[Metallica]]'s ''[[S&M (Metallica album)|S&M]]'' (1999). [[Neil Diamond]] won a Grammy for his soundtrack for the movie ''[[Jonathan Livingston Seagull (film)|Jonathan Livingston Seagull]]'', in which he, aided by composer/conductor [[Lee Holdridge]], wrote and recorded songs containing classical, pop, and religious elements.
-Italian pop [[tenor]] [[Andrea Bocelli]], who is the biggest-selling singer in the history of classical music,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/02/25/1046064026608.html |title=Operation Bocelli: the making of a superstar |date=26 February 2003 |work=The Age |location=Melbourne }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeoutdubai.com/art/features/6754-andrea-bocelli-in-abu-dhabi |title= Andrea Bocelli in Abu Dhabi |date= 2 March 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2009/11/07/review-classical-music-star-andrea-bocelli-at-liverpool-arena-92534-25114619 |title=REVIEW: Classical music star Andrea Bocelli at Liverpool arena |date=7 November 2009 |work=[[Liverpool Daily Post]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allgigs.co.uk/view/article/2263/Andrea_Bocelli_Announces_November_2010_UK_Arena_Dates.html|title=Help! Have a Question?|website=Allgigs}}</ref> has been described as the king of classical crossover.<ref name="SMH001">{{cite news | title = The king of Operatic pop |work=The Sydney Morning Herald| date = 28 August 2004 | url = http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/08/27/1093518069667.html | access-date = 19 January 2008}}</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/player/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=97289203&m=97327740 Domingo And Bocelli: Keeping Opera Relevant], [[National Public Radio]] radio interview, 21 November 2008.</ref> British soprano [[Sarah Brightman]] is also considered a crossover classical artist,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sarahbrightmantickets.org/sarah-brightman-info |title=Sarah Brightman |publisher=Sarah Brightman Tickets |date=14 August 1960 |access-date=25 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129042216/http://www.sarahbrightmantickets.org/sarah-brightman-info |archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> having released albums of classical, folk, pop and musical-theatre music. Brightman dislikes the classical crossover label, though she has said she understands the need to categorize music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123allcelebs.com/biography_of_sarah_brightman-718_eng.html |title=Sarah Brightman fan site |publisher=123allcelebs.com |access-date=25 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107020417/http://www.123allcelebs.com/biography_of_sarah_brightman-718_eng.html |archive-date=7 January 2010 }}</ref> In the 2008 Polish release of her ''[[Symphony (Sarah Brightman album)|Symphony]]'' album she sings "[[I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)]]" with Polish tenor [[Andrzej Lampert]], another artist who has performed in both classical and non-classical styles, as well as having actually obtained full musical training and academic degrees in both (though operatic singing is his main professional focus<ref>{{cite web|url=http://culture.pl/en/article/polish-tenor-impresses-salzburg |title= Polish Tenor Impresses Salzburg |date=13 September 2013|access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beethoven.org.pl/en/festiwalewielkanocne/xviiiwielkanocnyfestiwallvb/artists/andrzejlampert|title=Andrzej Lampert, XVIII Ludwik van Beethoven Easter Festival|access-date=3 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106234800/http://www.beethoven.org.pl/en/festiwalewielkanocne/xviiiwielkanocnyfestiwallvb/artists/andrzejlampert|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://operabase.com/a/Andrzej_Lampert/21124 |title=Andrzej Lampert, tenor: Schedule |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> In addition, Welsh mezzo-soprano [[Katherine Jenkins]] has achieved international fame via her crossover albums.
-==Crossover country==
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-[[Country music|Country]]-[[Western music (North America)|western music]], up through the early 1950s, had a distinct, Appalachian sound that was generally popular only in rural areas in the south and west; for others, it was an acquired taste. [[Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith|Arthur Smith]] was an early country crossover success with his 1945 instrumental "[[Guitar Boogie (song)|Guitar Boogie]]." [[Rockabilly]] artists such as [[Carl Perkins]], [[Elvis Presley]] and the early works of [[Johnny Cash]] managed crossover hits in country and rock music during a brief period in the mid-1950s. The first sustained and deliberate attempt to aim country music at a mainstream pop audience was the [[Nashville sound]]; [[Patsy Cline]] was a particularly successful example of this style, charting several pop and country hits from the late 1950s until her death in 1963.
-During the late 1960s, [[Glen Campbell]] began aiming his music at the mainstream pop charts, adding strings, horns and other pop music flourishes to such songs as "Wichita Lineman", "By the Time I Get to Phoenix", and "Galveston", which allowed his music to chart both in country and pop. While such artists as [[Lynn Anderson]] and [[Charlie Rich]] followed Campbell's example into the early 1970s, it was [[Dolly Parton]] and [[Kenny Rogers]] who, during the mid to late 1970s came to personify the concept of [[country pop]] crossover, with both artists maintaining a consistent presence on both the pop and country charts well into the mid-1980s, culminating in their duet, "[[Islands in the Stream (song)|Islands in the Stream]]", which topped the country and pop charts in 1983.
-Others, like [[John Denver]], [[Olivia Newton-John]], [[The Eagles]], [[Faron Young]], [[Willie Nelson]], [[Dottie West]], [[Alabama (American band)|Alabama]], [[Eddie Rabbitt]], [[Ronnie Milsap]], [[Anne Murray]], and [[Crystal Gayle]] began successful in country but made the crossover to pop music. Conversely, [[Conway Twitty]], [[Dan Seals|England Dan Seals]], former Righteous Brother [[Bill Medley]], [[Exile (American band)|Exile]], and [[Merrill Osmond]] and the [[The Osmonds|Osmond Brothers]] crossed over from pop to country. By the late 1980s, as [[neotraditional country|country moved to a much more traditional sound]], pop and country crossovers had become exceedingly rare (only [[Roy Orbison]]'s posthumous "[[You Got It (Roy Orbison song)|You Got It]]" would top both charts in this time frame).
-===1990s and 2000s crossover country===
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-In the 1990s many country artists experienced huge crossover success. These artists include [[Garth Brooks]], [[Shania Twain]], [[Billy Ray Cyrus]], [[Tim McGraw]], [[Faith Hill]], [[Dixie Chicks]], [[Jo Dee Messina]], [[Martina McBride]], [[Reba McEntire]], [[Lonestar]], [[Sara Evans]] and [[LeAnn Rimes]].
-The early 2000s also saw continued success of these artists. [[Lee Ann Womack]] scored a big hit with "[[I Hope You Dance (song)|I Hope You Dance]]". The [[Dixie Chicks]] had continued success with a less mainstream country-pop sound when they released their album ''[[Home (Dixie Chicks album)|Home]]'' in 2002. However, by the mid-2000s there were fewer country acts having crossover success.
-[[Carrie Underwood]], who emerged as both a pop star and a country musician as a result of the TV series ''[[American Idol]]'' (a show that was at its peak in popularity at the time Underwood won the contest), became a crossover success with hits on both the country and pop charts. Underwood would become the first of several country musicians, including another American Idol winner [[Scotty McCreery]], who would find success on the pop charts beginning in the late 2000s.
-===Late 2000s and 2010s crossover country===
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-Concurrent with Underwood's crossover success was the debut of teen singer-songwriter [[Taylor Swift]]. Swift initially specialized in country-flavored [[coffee house]] songs{{Clarification needed|reason="coffee house songs" undefined|date=April 2021}} such as "[[Tim McGraw (song)|Tim McGraw]]" and "[[Teardrops on My Guitar]]," but as her success grew, she increasingly began moving her musical career toward pop. Beginning with "[[The Story of Us (song)|The Story of Us]]" in 2010, Swift started releasing some of her songs either primarily, or solely, as pop tunes. Many of the songs Swift recorded for the country and pop markets also achieved wide success (especially "[[We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together]]," which topped both charts), turning her into a leading example of a country crossover phenomenon, with various critics lauding her as the "next [[Shania Twain]]". A change to the ''Billboard'' methodology for compiling charts such as country charts directly benefited crossover artists such as Swift by taking into account airplay on non-country stations.
-Other artists who have found success on both pop and country in the early 2010s, in addition to the continued success of Swift and Underwood, have been [[Lady Antebellum]] and [[The Band Perry]].
-[[Florida Georgia Line]] also crossed over to the pop charts with a remixed version of their song "Cruise". This version features rapper Nelly. The popularity of [[bro-country]] by artists such as [[Luke Bryan]] has increased the crossover success of country artists, a tradition which has further continued through the infusion of R&B music by artists including [[Brett Eldredge]], [[Thomas Rhett]] and [[Sam Hunt]].
-==Latin crossover artists==
-===1980s crossover acts===
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-[[Gloria Estefan]] is the most successful crossover performer in [[Latin music (genre)|Latin music]] to date. She began crossing over to English music in 1984. Estefan at the time was with the [[Miami Sound Machine]]. Their more successful follow-up album, ''[[Primitive Love]]'', was released in 1985, launching three Top 10 hits on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]: "[[Conga (song)|Conga]]" (U.S. #10), "[[Words Get in the Way]]" (U.S. #5), and "[[Bad Boy (Miami Sound Machine song)|Bad Boy]]" (U.S. #8) became follow–up hits in the U.S. and around the world. "Words Get in the Way" reached No. 1 on the US [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks]] chart, establishing that the group could perform pop ballads as successfully as dance tunes. The song "Hot Summer Nights" was also released that year and was part of the blockbuster movie ''[[Top Gun]]''. Since then Estefan has bridged between both the English and Latin world for the mid to late 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.
-===1990s crossover acts===
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-In the mid '90s, [[Selena]] was gaining prominence within the [[Hispanic]] music world. Primarily marketed as a [[Tejano music]] artist, Selena's success was met with rhythmic [[Cumbia]] recordings. After bypassing several barriers within the Tejano industry, she quickly superseded other Latin artist acts and earned the title "Queen of Tejano Music". After being presented with a Grammy for ''[[Selena Live!]]'', Selena became the first Latin artist to release four number–one singles, in 1994. With a meteoric rise in popularity, Selena was presented with the opportunity to record an English-crossover album.
-Unfortunately, months before the release of her English album, Selena was murdered by her fan club president, on 31 March 1995, in [[Corpus Christi, Texas]]. Selena's incomplete album, titled ''[[Dreaming of You (Selena album)|Dreaming of You]]'', was released in July 1995, topping the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Selena's songs "[[Dreaming of You (Selena song)|Dreaming of You]]" and "[[I Could Fall In Love]]" quickly became [[mainstream]] hits, and the album became among the "Top ten best-selling debuts of all time" along with being among the "best-selling debuts for a female artist". Selena became the first Latin artist, male or female, to have ever debuted with a No. 1 album, partially in Spanish.
-Despite, and perhaps fueled by, Selena's death and crossover success, the "Latin explosion" continued in the late '90s. At that time, a handful of rising stars who shared a Latin heritage were touted as proof that sounds from Latin countries were infiltrating the pop mainstream. These included [[Ricky Martin]], [[Thalía]], [[Marc Anthony]], [[Enrique Iglesias]] and [[Jennifer Lopez]], who rendered a Golden Globe performance as Selena [[Selena (film)|on film]].
-Like Estefan and Selena, many of these artists, including some who recorded in English after gaining fame singing in Spanish, had been influenced at least as much by American music and culture.
-Ricky Martin gained success with  "[[La Copa de la Vida]]", which Martin made a major hit in an English version when he was chosen to sing the anthem of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. "[[The Cup of Life]]"/"La Copa de la Vida" reached number one on the charts in 60 countries and in the United States the English version went to No. 45 on the Hot 100 charts. The song went Platinum in France, Sweden and in Australia, where it ultimately became the number one single of the year. The song was awarded "[[Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Song of the Year|Pop Song of the Year]]" at the [[Premio Lo Nuestro 1999|1999 Lo Nuestro Awards]].
-Martin at the [[Grammy Awards]] was booked to sing on the show's live TV broadcast. The now-legendary performance of "The Cup of Life" stopped the show, earning Martin an unexpected standing ovation and introducing the star to the [[mainstream]] American [[audience]]. Martin capped off the evening by winning the award for [[Best Latin Pop Performance]]. ''[[Vuelve (album)|Vuelve]]'' became Martin's first Top 40 album on [[Billboard Top 200]] Albums chart in the U.S., where it was [[Platinum certification|certified Platinum]] by the [[RIAA]]. The album notably went to No. 1 in [[Norway]] for three weeks, going on to sell eight million copies worldwide.
-Martin prepared his first English album in 1999, as the first and most prominent single was "[[Livin' la Vida Loca]]", which reached number one in many countries around the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Greece, [[India]], Israel, [[Italy]], Japan, [[Guatemala]], Mexico, [[Russia]], Turkey and South Africa. He followed up with the hit "[[She's All I Ever Had]]", which peaked at No. 2 on The [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. This album became one of the top-selling albums of 1999, and was certified seven times platinum, selling over 22 million copies worldwide to date.
-Also in 1999, attempting to emulate the crossover success of Gloria Estefan, Selena and Ricky Martin in the anglophone market, [[Marc Anthony]] released an English-language [[Latin Pop]] self-titled album with the US Top 5 hit single "[[I Need to Know (Marc Anthony song)|I Need to Know]]", and the Spanish version "Dímelo". Other hits include "[[When I Dream At Night]]" and "[[My Baby You]]". His song "[[You Sang To Me]]" was featured in ''[[Runaway Bride (1999 film)|Runaway Bride]]''. The successful dance version was re-mixed by Dutch producer [[Rene Van Verseveld]]. The foray was considered a mixed success, partly because it alienated his traditional salsa fans, though "[[Da La Vuelta]]" (not a Spanish version of any of the songs) was a salsa song and was a hit. Another note is that the song "[[That's Okay]]" has more of a salsa tune than pop.
-[[Enrique Iglesias]] had begun a successful crossover career into the English language music market. Thanks to other successful crossover acts, Latino artists and music had a great surge in popularity in mainstream music. Iglesias' contribution to the soundtrack of [[Will Smith]]'s movie ''[[Wild Wild West]]'', "[[Bailamos]]", became a number–one hit in the US. After the success of "Bailamos", several mainstream record labels were eager to sign Enrique. Signing a multi-album deal after weeks of negotiations with Interscope, Iglesias recorded and released his first full CD in English, ''Enrique''. The pop album, with some Latin influences, took two months to complete and contained a duet with [[Whitney Houston]] called "[[Could I Have This Kiss Forever]]" and a cover of the [[Bruce Springsteen]] song "[[Sad Eyes]]". The album's third single, "[[Be with You (Enrique Iglesias song)|Be With You]]", became his second number one.
-[[Jennifer Lopez]]'s debut album ''[[On the 6]]'', a reference to the 6 subway line she used to take growing up in [[Castle Hill, Bronx|Castle Hill]], was released on 1 June 1999, and reached the top ten of the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. The album featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one lead single, "[[If You Had My Love]]", as well as the top ten hit "[[Waiting for Tonight]]", and even the Spanish version of the song "Una Noche Mas" became a hit as well. The album also featured a Spanish language, Latin-flavored duet "[[No Me Ames]]" with [[Marc Anthony]], who later would become her husband before their divorce in 2014. Though "No Me Ames" never had a commercial release, it reached number one on the U.S. Hot Latin Tracks.
-===2000s crossover acts===
-[[File:Enrique Iglesias 2007.11.29 4.jpg|thumb|Enrique Iglesias]]
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-{{Overly detailed|section|date=October 2017}}
-After the '90s, there were very few crossover acts that became successful in the 2000s. The only ones who proved successful were [[Shakira]], Thalía, [[Paulina Rubio]], Jennifer Lopez and [[Christina Aguilera]], although the latter started at first in English and then turned to Spanish. Both [[Ricky Martin]] and [[Enrique Iglesias]] retained their roles as one of the most successful crossover artists that decade.
-Colombian singer Shakira's third studio album and first English language album, ''[[Laundry Service]]'' (''Servicio De Lavanderia'', in Latin America and Spain) was released on 13 November 2001. The album debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling over 200,000 records in its first week.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} ''Laundry Service'' was later certified triple platinum by the RIAA in June 2004 as well and thus helped to establish Shakira's musical presence in the mainstream North American market.
-Jennifer Lopez officially released her first full Spanish-language album, ''[[Como Ama una Mujer]]'', in March 2007. Her now-ex husband, singer [[Marc Anthony]], produced the album with Estefano, except for "[[Qué Hiciste]]", which Anthony co-produced with [[Julio Reyes]]. The album peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200, number one on the U.S. Top Latin Albums for four straight weeks, and on the [[U.S. Latin Pop Album]]s for seven straight weeks. The album did well in Europe, peaking at number three on the albums chart, mainly due to the big success in countries such as [[Switzerland]], Italy, Spain, France, [[Belgium]], Greece, Germany, Austria, and [[Portugal]].
-On 24 July 2007 ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine reported that Lopez and now ex-husband Marc Anthony would "co-headline" a worldwide tour called "[[Juntos en Concierto]]" starting in [[New Jersey]] on 29 September. Tickets went on sale 10 August. The tour was a mix of her current music, older tunes and Spanish music. In a later press release, Lopez announced a detailed itinerary. The tour launched 28 September 2007 at the [[Mark G. Etess Arena]] and ended on 7 November 2007 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. The lead single, "Qué Hiciste," was officially released to radio stations in January 2007. Since then, it has peaked at 86 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Hot Latin Songs and the Hot Dance Club Play. It also went top ten on the European chart. The video for the song was the first Spanish-language video to peak at number one on MTV's Total Request Live daily countdown.
-Lopez won an [[American Music Award]] as the Favorite Latin Artist in 2007. With ''Como Ama Una Mujer'', Jennifer Lopez is one of the few performers to debut in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 with a Spanish album.
-Jay-Z took part in a crossover record in 2004. He teamed up with rock band Linkin Park and produced the hit mash-up song "Numb/Encore". The song, while boasting a majority of Jay-Z's lyrics and hip-hop style, the genre of the song would be considered rock because of the tropes of rock music included in the piece. George Nelson, producer of television series "The Get Down" wrote an article titled ''Death and Rhythm of Blues''. In the article, Nelson discusses the appealing to audiences of other races. With the production of "Numb/Encore", Jay-Z and Linkin Park were able to not only crossover genres, but consumer groups as well.
-===2010s crossover acts===
-American opera and classical crossover singer [[Fernando Varela (opera singer)|Fernando Varela]] has performed in fully staged operas, as a member of the classical crossover trio Forte Tenors, and has toured both with David Foster, and independently as a crossover artist.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/vegasdeluxe/2011/nov/26/exclusive-photos-rising-stars-steal-david-fosters-/ |title=Exclusive photos: Rising stars steal David Foster’s show at Mandalay - Las Vegas Sun News |publisher=Las Vegas Sun |access-date=2014-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518071603/http://lasvegassun.com/vegasdeluxe/2011/nov/26/exclusive-photos-rising-stars-steal-david-fosters-/ |archive-date=18 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In 2017, "[[Despacito]]", a song by [[Luis Fonsi]] and [[Daddy Yankee]], reached the top of the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 after the release of a bilingual remix featuring [[Justin Bieber]]. The song would tie a record for the most weeks spent at the number-one spot in the Hot 100's history, and reached the top of singles charts in 47 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7934255/despacito-hot-100-number-one-15-weeks|title='Despacito' Is Second Song Ever to Lead Hot 100 for at Least 15 Weeks|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=21 August 2017|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="hot 100 record">{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7942306/despacito-hot-100-number-one-ties-record-luis-fonsi-daddy-yankee-justin-bieber|title=Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee & Justin Bieber's 'Despacito' Ties for Longest Run at No. 1 in Hot 100's History|work=Billboard|first=Gary|last=Trust|date=28 August 2017|access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7793159/luis-fonsi-daddy-yankee-despacito-justin-bieber-number-one|title=Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee's 'Despacito,' Featuring Justin Bieber, Hits No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref><ref name="47 countries">{{cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8376516/ifpi-latin-america-global-music-report-2017-despacito|title=IFPI Latin: 49 Percent Rise in Streaming Revenue and 'Despacito' Make for 'Double Whammy' in 2017|work=Billboard|last=Cantor-Navas|first=Judy|date=24 April 2018|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/42191895/despacito-video-watched-43-billion-times-across-the-world-in-2017|title=Despacito video watched 4.3 billion times across the world in 2017|work=[[BBC]]|date=1 December 2017|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
-Following Despacito's success, other Latin songs also found a market, including [[J Balvin]] and [[Willy William]]'s  "[[Mi Gente (J Balvin and Willy William song)|Mi Gente]]" , which became a top 40 hit in the U.S. and United Kingdom, and "[[Súbeme la Radio]]" by [[Enrique Iglesias]], which reached the top 10 in the U.K.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2017/05/26/why_luis_fonsi_and_justin_bieber_s_despacito_is_no_1.html|title=Why America’s First Spanish-Language No. 1 in Decades Is Likely to Be the Song of the Summer|date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7897123/latin-music-takeover-despacito-mi-gente-charts|title='Despacito' Effect: Behind This Year's Latin Music Revolution|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref>
-==Christian crossover artists==
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-The term "crossover artist" may refer to musical performers and groups that are [[Christian music]] artists, who many times originally are marketed through [[List of Christian record labels|Christian record labels]], radio stations, churches and other Christian media but who start selling in mainstream secular markets as well. Other times, crossover artists may start out in the mainstream market but have Christian undertones or themes if not overtly Christian. The term "crossing over" is used to describe when an artist who had started predominantly in Christian markets starts receiving mainstream success. Some people{{Who|date=July 2010}} may feel that the artist is betraying the church for fame or glory, while others may see this as a great opportunity for the artist spread the message of their Christian beliefs.
-The first major artist crossover was by [[Amy Grant]], with her 1985 album ''[[Unguarded (Amy Grant album)|Unguarded]]'' and 1991 hit song "[[Baby Baby (Amy Grant song)|Baby Baby]]" from the highest-selling Christian album ''[[Heart in Motion]]''. The albums and single were distributed by a Christian label but received heavy play on pop radio stations and were chart-toppers on the [[Billboard charts]]. Since then, many artists have been labeled{{By whom|date=July 2010}} as "crossover artist" regardless of whether they originally intended to market to the Christian market, secular market, or both. The most notable recent Christian crossover artists are [[Lauren Daigle]], [[Kirk Franklin]], [[Switchfoot]], [[The Afters]], [[Relient K]], and many of the artists on [[Tooth & Nail Records]] such as [[MxPx]], [[Underoath]], [[Emery (band)|Emery]], [[Lifehouse (band)|Lifehouse]], [[Zao (American band)|Zao]], and [[Dead Poetic]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}
-Christian and country artists have experienced significant crossover. Much of [[Carrie Underwood]]'s work has been overtly Christian, including "[[Jesus, Take the Wheel]]" and "[[Temporary Home]]" , "[[Something in the Water (Carrie Underwood song)|Something in the Water]]." Other notable Christian-country crossovers have included "[[Changed (song)|Changed]]" by [[Rascal Flatts]], "A Living Prayer" by [[Alison Krauss]] and "[[Believe (Brooks & Dunn song)|Believe]]" by [[Brooks & Dunn]]. For a time in the late 2000s, the [[God's Country Radio Network]] specialized in Christian-country crossovers, such was the extent of the body of music that fit into both genera.
-A more unusual example of a crossover artist is [[Katy Perry]]. She released a little known, commercially unsuccessful Christian album in 2001 under her birth name, Katy Hudson. She then went on to release commercially successful secular albums in 2008, 2010, and 2013. There are still some noticeable Christian elements in some of her secular music, particularly her later work, such as "Who Am I Living For" (2010) and "By The Grace of God" (2013).
-==Jazz crossover and rock crossover==
-{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
-{{see also|Crossover jazz}}
-Besides describing music of a distinct genre that becomes broadly popular, the musical term "crossover" suggested mixed genres. "[[Fusion (music)|Fusion]]" is a more common term for this phenomenon. Examples include [[jazz fusion]] and [[world music]]. Example albums of crossover jazz plus classical music were albums of Deodato, Jean Luc Ponty, Bob James. Bob James ''[[One (Bob James album)|One]]'' (CTI, 1974), contained the song "[[Feel Like Makin' Love (Roberta Flack song)|Feel Like Making Love]]", which [[Roberta Flack]] already had as a hit. Radio stations played this song and contributed to the success of album ''One''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bob-james-mn0000065882|title=Bob James &#124; Biography, Albums, Streaming Links|website=AllMusic}}</ref> The album was notable for adapting classical music to a modern-day scene, e.g. "In the Garden" was based on Pachelbel's [[Canon in D]] and "[[Night on Bald Mountain]]" was a cover of [[Modest Mussorgsky]]'s composition of the same name.
-Other examples of crossover in music are bands that play a mix of genres such as [[funk]], [[Rapping|rap]], [[Rock music|rock]], [[Heavy metal music|metal]] and [[Punk rock|punk]], for instance bands such as [[Urban Dance Squad]], [[Faith No More]], [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]], [[Suicidal Tendencies]], [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles|D.R.I.]], [[Primus (band)|Primus]], [[Linkin Park]], [[Rage Against the Machine]], [[System of a Down]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.revolvermag.com/music/system-downs-toxicity-10-things-you-didnt-know|title=SYSTEM OF A DOWN'S 'TOXICITY': 10 THINGS YOU DIDN'T KNOW|work=Revolver}}</ref> and [[311 (band)|311]].
 ==See also==
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 ==Bibliography==
-*{{Gilliland |show=3 |title=The Tribal Drum: The rise of rhythm and blues |ref=harv}}
+*{{Gilliland |show=3 |title=The Tribal Drum: The rise of rhythm and blues }}
 *Lonergan, David F. ''Hit Records, 1950–1975''. [[Scarecrow Press]], 2004. {{ISBN|0-8108-5129-6}}
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 ==External links==
 * [http://www.classical-crossover.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=142&Itemid=126 Article on the definition of Classical Crossover]
-* [http://www.limafitzrovia.com/waka-waka-singer-shakira-net-worth-and-music-life Article on the Shakira's net worth]
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Crossover (Music)}}