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{{Short description|Family of flies}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Lauxaniidae
| image = Homoneura sp02.jpg
| image = Homoneura sp02.jpg
| image_caption = ''Homoneura sp.''
| image_caption = ''[[Homoneura]]'' sp.
| display_parents =3
| display_parents =3
| taxon = Lauxaniidae
| taxon = Lauxaniidae
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| synonyms = Sapromyzidae
| synonyms = Sapromyzidae
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = *[[Eurychoromyiinae]]<ref name="Gaimari10">{{cite journal | last1 = Gaimari | first1 = Stephen D. & | last2 = Silva | first2 = Vera C. | year = 2010 | title = Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 2342 | pages = 1–64 | location = Auckland | publisher = Magnolia Press | issn = 1175-5334 | access-date = 22 September 2012 | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/zt02342p064.pdf | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.2342.1.1 | hdl = 11449/2764 }}</ref>
| subdivision = *[[Eurychoromyiinae]]<ref name="Gaimari10">{{cite journal | last1 = Gaimari | first1 = Stephen D. & | last2 = Silva | first2 = Vera C. | year = 2010 | title = Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 2342 | pages = 1–64 | location = Auckland | publisher = Magnolia Press | issn = 1175-5334 | access-date = 22 September 2012 | url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/zt02342p064.pdf | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.2342.1.1 | hdl = 11449/2764 | s2cid = 3976247 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
*[[Lauxaniinae]]
*[[Lauxaniinae]]
*[[Homoneurinae]]
*[[Homoneurinae]]
}}
}}
[[File:Lauxaniidae Cestrotus species 2012 03 05 3589s.JPG|thumb|<center>''Cestrotus'' species, showing camouflage suited to lichens on rocks</center>]]
[[File:Lauxaniidae Cestrotus species 2012 03 05 3589s.JPG|thumb|{{center|''Cestrotus'' species, showing camouflage suited to lichens on rocks}}]]
The '''Lauxaniidae''' are a family of [[Acalyptratae|acalyptrate]] [[fly|flies]]. They generally are small flies (length 7&nbsp;mm or less) with large [[compound eye]]s that often are brightly coloured in life, sometimes with characteristic horizontal stripes, such as in ''[[Cestrotus]]'' species. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies, except for genera such as ''Cestrotus'', whose camouflage mimics lichens or the texture of granitic rocks.
The '''Lauxaniidae''' are a family of [[Acalyptratae|acalyptrate]] [[fly|flies]]. They generally are small flies (length 7&nbsp;mm or less) with large [[compound eye]]s that often are brightly coloured in life, sometimes with characteristic horizontal stripes, such as in ''[[Cestrotus]]'' species. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies, except for genera such as ''Cestrotus'', whose camouflage mimics lichens or the texture of granitic rocks.


Some 1800 species of Lauxaniidae have been described and they comprise some 126 genera. The family has a [[cosmopolitan distribution]], most of the species occurring in tropical regions of Asia and the Americas; relatively few species occur in [[Afrotropical]] regions, and Lauxaniid species diversity declines strongly towards the more temperate regions; for example fewer than 200 European species have been described. Most species inhabit forests, where the adults usually are found sitting on leaves of the [[understory]]. They are far less common in open country, such as [[grassland]] habitats.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Merz |first= Bernhard|year= 2004|title= Revision of the ''Minettia fasciata'' species-group (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)|journal= Revue Suisse de Zoologie |volume= 111|issue=1 |pages= 183–211|publisher= Muséum d'histoire naturelle|location= Geneva |url= http://www.diptera.info/downloads/Merz_2004.pdf|doi= 10.5962/bhl.part.80234}}</ref>
Some 1800 species of Lauxaniidae have been described and they comprise some 126 genera. The family has a [[cosmopolitan distribution]], most of the species occurring in tropical regions of Asia and the Americas; relatively few species occur in [[Afrotropical]] regions, and Lauxaniid species diversity declines strongly towards the more temperate regions; for example fewer than 200 European species have been described. Most species inhabit forests, where the adults usually are found sitting on leaves of the [[understory]]. They are far less common in open country, such as [[grassland]] habitats.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Merz |first= Bernhard|year= 2004|title= Revision of the ''Minettia fasciata'' species-group (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)|journal= [[Revue suisse de Zoologie]] |volume= 111|issue=1 |pages= 183–211|publisher= Muséum d'histoire naturelle|location= Geneva |url= http://www.diptera.info/downloads/Merz_2004.pdf|doi= 10.5962/bhl.part.80234|doi-access= free}}</ref>


[[Image:WillistonLauxaniidae315.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Morphological details of Lauxaniidae]]
[[Image:WillistonLauxaniidae315.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Morphological details of Lauxaniidae]]


==Description==
==Description==
For terms, see [[Morphology of Diptera]]<br>
For terms, see [[Morphology of Diptera]]<br />
Lauxaniidae are small flies (2–7&nbsp;mm in length). They are often rather plump, dull, or partly lustrous flies. The body colour varies from yellow to brown or black, or with a combination of these colours. The head is variable in shape, the face projecting or retreating, convex, flat or concave, usually without oral vibrissae (sometimes poorly developed, occasionally strong bristles near the vibrissal angle). The postvertical bristles converge (in rare cases parallel). The frons is wide, with two pairs of frontal bristles, the upper pair of which is always reclinate, the lower pair sometimes decussate. Interfrontal bristles are absent. The ocellar bristles are present or minute. The antennae are variable and the arista is plumose, pubescent to bare. The thorax has bristles, at least behind the suture. The scutellum is usually bare except for the marginal bristles. Propleural bristles are present or absent and one or two sternopleural bristles are seen. Tibiae all have a preapical bristle. The wings are marked or unmarked (in a number of species with spots along the veins). The wing venation is complete and the costa is continuous. The subcosta is entire and ends in the costa. The second basal and anal cells are short and the apical cell usually widely open. The abdomen is oval, rarely elongated.
Lauxaniidae are small flies (2–7&nbsp;mm in length). They are often rather plump, dull, or partly lustrous flies. The body colour varies from yellow to brown or black, or with a combination of these colours. The head varies in shape, with the face potentially projecting or retreating, and may be convex, flat, or concave, often lacking oral vibrissae (though sometimes poorly developed or occasionally featuring strong bristles near the vibrissal angle). The postvertical bristles converge, though in rare cases they may be parallel. The frons is broad, with two pairs of frontal bristles; the upper pair is always reclinate, while the lower pair may sometimes be decussate. Interfrontal bristles are absent. Ocellar bristles may be present or minute. The antennae vary, and the arista is plumose, ranging from pubescent to bare. The thorax features bristles, at least behind the suture, and the scutellum is usually bare except for marginal bristles. Propleural bristles may be present or absent, and one or two sternopleural bristles are observed. All tibiae have a preapical bristle. The wings may be marked or unmarked (with some species showing spots along the veins). Wing venation is complete, the costa is continuous, and the subcosta is entire, ending in the costa. The second basal and anal cells are short, and the apical cell is usually widely open. The abdomen is oval, though it may be elongated in rare cases.


==Biology==
==Biology==
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*''[[Afrominettia]]'' <small>Stuckenberg, 1971</small><ref name=Stuckenberg1971>{{cite journal|last1=Stuckenberg|first1=B. R.|title=A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)|journal=Annals of the Natal Museum|date=1971|volume=20|issue=3|pages=499–610}}</ref>
*''[[Afrominettia]]'' <small>Stuckenberg, 1971</small><ref name=Stuckenberg1971>{{cite journal|last1=Stuckenberg|first1=B. R.|title=A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)|journal=Annals of the Natal Museum|date=1971|volume=20|issue=3|pages=499–610}}</ref>
*''[[Agriphoneura]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name="mcad">{{cite book | last1 = Ibáñez-Bernal | first1 = Sergio | last2 = Hernández-Ortiz | first2 = Vicente | editor = Brown, B.V. |editor2=Borkent, A. |editor3=Cumming, J.M. |editor4=Wood, D.M. |editor5=Woodley, N.E. |editor6=Zumbado, M. | title = Manual of Central American Diptera. | type = Print | volume = 2 | year = 2010 | publisher = NRC Research Press | location = Ottawa, Canada | isbn = 978-0-660-19958-0 | pages = 1025–1030 | chapter = 76 }}</ref><ref name=Hendel1925>{{cite book|last1=Hendel|first1=F.|title=Neue Ubersicht uber die bisher bekannt gewordenen Gattungen der Lauxaniiden, nebst Beschreibung neuer Gattungen u. Arten|date=1925|publisher=Arten. Encycl. Ent. (B II) Diptera|pages=103–112}}</ref>
*''[[Agriphoneura]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name="mcad">{{cite book | last1 = Ibáñez-Bernal | first1 = Sergio | last2 = Hernández-Ortiz | first2 = Vicente | editor = Brown, B.V. |editor2=Borkent, A. |editor3=Cumming, J.M. |editor4=Wood, D.M. |editor5=Woodley, N.E. |editor6=Zumbado, M. | title = Manual of Central American Diptera. | type = Print | volume = 2 | year = 2010 | publisher = NRC Research Press | location = Ottawa, Canada | isbn = 978-0-660-19958-0 | pages = 1025–1030 | chapter = 76 }}</ref><ref name=Hendel1925>{{cite book|last1=Hendel|first1=F.|title=Neue Ubersicht uber die bisher bekannt gewordenen Gattungen der Lauxaniiden, nebst Beschreibung neuer Gattungen u. Arten|date=1925|publisher=Arten. Encycl. Ent. (B II) Diptera|pages=103–112}}</ref>
*''[[Allogriphoneura]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Allogriphoneura]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1926</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Allominettia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name="mcad"/><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Allominettia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name="mcad"/><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Amblada]]'' <small>[[Francis Walker (entomologist)|Walker]] 1860</small><ref name=Walker1856A>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=Francis|title=Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species|journal=Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology.|date=1860|volume=4|issue=14|pages=90–96|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2274320#page/188/mode/1up|publisher=The Linnean Society|location=London|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1859.tb00089.x}}</ref>
*''[[Amblada (fly)|Amblada]]'' <small>[[Francis Walker (entomologist)|Walker]] 1860</small><ref name=Walker1856A>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=Francis|title=Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species|journal=Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology.|date=1860|volume=4|issue=14|pages=90–96|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2274320#page/188/mode/1up|publisher=The Linnean Society|location=London|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1859.tb00089.x}}</ref>
*''[[Arnomyia]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1925</small>
*''[[Arnomyia]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1925</small><ref name="Malloch1929">{{cite journal |last1=Malloch |first1=John Russell |title=Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera).—XXVI |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |date=1929 |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=97–120|doi=10.1080/00222932908673032 }}</ref>
*''[[Asilostoma]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name="mcad"/><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Asilostoma]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name="mcad"/><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Aulogastromyia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Aulogastromyia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Baliopteridion]]'' <small>Papp & Silva, 1995</small><ref name="PappSilva1995">{{cite journal |last1=Papp |first1=L. |last2=Silva |first2=Vera.C. |title=Seven new genera of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera) |journal=Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |date=1995 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=185–208}}</ref>
*''[[Calliopum]]'' <small>Strand, 1928</small><ref name="Shatalkin">{{cite book |last1= Шаталкин |first1=Анатолий Иванович |title= Определитель палеарктических мух семейства Lauxaniidae (Diptera)|trans-title=Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera)|type= Print |volume= 5|year= 2000|publisher= Zoologicheskie Issledovania|location= Moscow |language= ru |pages= 102}}</ref>
*''[[Calliopum]]'' <small>Strand, 1928</small><ref name="Shatalkin">{{cite book |last1= Шаталкин |first1=Анатолий Иванович |title= Определитель палеарктических мух семейства Lauxaniidae (Diptera)|trans-title=Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera)|type= Print |volume= 5|year= 2000|publisher= Zoologicheskie Issledovania|location= Moscow |language= ru |pages= 102}}</ref>
*''[[Camptoprosopella]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1907</small><ref name="Hendel1907">{{cite journal |last1=Hendel |first1=Friedrich |title=Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien. (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden.) |journal=Wiener Entomologische Zeitung |date=1907 |volume=26 |pages=223-245, 1 pl |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45299#page/263/mode/1up |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
*''[[Camptoprosopella]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1907</small><ref name="Hendel1907">{{cite journal |last1=Hendel |first1=Friedrich |title=Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien. (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden.) |journal=Wiener Entomologische Zeitung |date=1907 |volume=26 |pages=223–245, 1 pl |doi=10.5962/bhl.part.8886 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45299#page/263/mode/1up |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
*''[[Cestrotus]]'' <small>[[Hermann Loew|Loew]], 1862</small><ref name="SHI">SHI LI (China), DING YANG (China) & STEPHEN D. GAIMARI (USA). Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) Zootaxa 2009: 41-68 (11 Feb. 2009) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition</ref>
*''[[Cestrotus]]'' <small>[[Hermann Loew|Loew]], 1862</small><ref name="SHI">SHI LI (China), DING YANG (China) & STEPHEN D. GAIMARI (USA). Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) Zootaxa 2009: 41-68 (11 Feb. 2009) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition</ref>
*''[[Choryeuromyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Choryeuromyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Cnemacantha]]'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835</small>
*''[[Cnemacantha]]'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835</small>
*''[[Deceia]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1923</small><ref name="Malloch1923">{{cite journal |last1=Malloch |first1=John Russell |title=Some new genera and species of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae (Diptera) |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |date=1923 |volume=25 |pages=45-53 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16136923#page/61/mode/1up |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
*''[[Deceia]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1923</small><ref name="Malloch1923">{{cite journal |last1=Malloch |first1=John Russell |title=Some new genera and species of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae (Diptera) |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |date=1923 |volume=25 |pages=45–53 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16136923#page/61/mode/1up |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
*''[[Deutominettia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Deutominettia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Elipolambda]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020">{{cite journal |last1=Gamiari |first1=S.D. |last2=Silva |first2=V.C. |title=A conspectus of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) |journal=Zootaxa |date=2020 |volume=4862 |issue=1 |pages=1-217 |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4862.1.1/63709 |access-date=28 January 2021 |publisher=Magnolia Press}}</ref>
*''[[Elipolambda]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020">{{cite journal |last1=Gamiari |first1=S.D. |last2=Silva |first2=V.C. |title=A conspectus of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) |journal=Zootaxa |date=2020 |volume=4862 |issue=1 |pages=zootaxa.4862.1.1 |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4862.1.1/63709 |access-date=28 January 2021 |publisher=Magnolia Press|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4862.1.1 |pmid=33311202 |s2cid=226326318 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*''[[Eurychoromyia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1910</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Eurychoromyia]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1910</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Euryhendelimyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Euryhendelimyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Eurystratiomyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Eurystratiomyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Eusapromyza]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1923</small><ref name="Malloch1923"/>
*''[[Eusapromyza]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1923</small><ref name="Malloch1923"/>
*''[[Exalla]]'' <small>Gaimari, 2011</small><ref name="Gaimari2011">{{cite journal |last1=Gaimari |first1=S.D. |title=An unusual new genus of eurychoromyiine Lauxaniidae (Diptera) |journal=The Canadian Entomologist |date=2011 |volume=143 |pages=594–611}}</ref>
*''[[Exalla]]'' <small>Gaimari, 2011</small><ref name="Gaimari2011">{{cite journal |last1=Gaimari |first1=S.D. |title=An unusual new genus of eurychoromyiine Lauxaniidae (Diptera) |journal=The Canadian Entomologist |date=2011 |volume=143 |issue=6 |pages=594–611|doi=10.4039/n11-039 |s2cid=84395018 }}</ref>
*''[[Gauzania]]'' <small>Walker, 1856</small>
*''[[Gauzania]]'' <small>Walker, 1856</small>
*''[[Gibbolauxania]]'' <small>Papp & Silva, 1995</small><ref name="PappSilva1995"/>
*''[[Griphoneura]]'' <small>Schiner, 1868</small>
*''[[Griphoneura]]'' <small>Schiner, 1868</small>
*''[[Griphoneuromima]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Griphoneuromima]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Hirtodeceia]]'' <small>Shewell, 1986</small><ref name="Shewell1986">{{cite journal |last1=Shewell |first1=G.E. |title=New American genera of Lauxaniidae, based on species of earlier authors, and a note on Lyciella rorida (Fallen) in North America (Diptera) |journal=The Canadian Entomologist |date=1986 |volume=118 |issue=6 |pages=537–547|doi=10.4039/Ent118537-6 |s2cid=87063435 }}</ref>
*''[[Homoneura]]'' <small>Wulp, 1891</small>
*''[[Homoneura]]'' <small>Wulp, 1891</small>
*''[[Lauxania]]'' <small>[[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1804</small>
*''[[Lauxania]]'' <small>[[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1804</small>
*''[[Luzonomyza]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1925</small>
*''[[Luzonomyza]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1925</small>
*''[[Mallochomyza]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Mallochomyza]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Marmarodeceia]]'' <small>Shewell, 1986</small><ref name="Shewell1986"/>
*''[[Meiosimyza]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Meiosimyza]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Melanomyza]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1923</small><ref name="Malloch1923"/>
*''[[Melanomyza]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1923</small><ref name="Malloch1923"/>
*''[[Meraina]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Meraina]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Minettia]]'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy|Robineau-Desvoidy]], 1830</small><ref name="Robineau-Desvoidy1830">{{cite journal |last1=Robineau-Desvoidy |first1=André Jean Baptiste |title=Essai sur les myodaires |journal=Mémoires presentés a L'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants èt lus dans ses assemblées : Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique |date=1830 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=1-813 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3472165#page/9/mode/1up |accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Minettia]]'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy|Robineau-Desvoidy]], 1830</small><ref name="Robineau-Desvoidy1830">{{cite journal |last1=Robineau-Desvoidy |first1=André Jean Baptiste |title=Essai sur les myodaires |journal=Mémoires presentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées: Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique |date=1830 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=1–813 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3472165#page/9/mode/1up |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Minilauxania]]'' <small>Papp & Silva, 1995</small><ref name="PappSilva1995"/>
*''[[Mycterella]]'' <small>[[Kálmán Kertész|Kertész]], 1912</small>
*''[[Mycterella]]'' <small>[[Kálmán Kertész|Kertész]], 1912</small>
*''[[Myzaprosa]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Myzaprosa]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Neodeceia]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1924</small>
*''[[Neodeceia]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1924</small>
*''[[Neogeomyza]]'' <small>[[Eugène Séguy|Séguy]], 1938</small><ref name="Davies08">{{cite journal|last1=Davies |first1=Gregory B. P. |last2=Miller |first2=Raymond M. |year=2008 |title=Revision of the Afrotropical species of ''Parapachycerina'' (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) |journal=[[African Invertebrates]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=131–158 |location=Pietermaritzburg |publisher=Council of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum. |url=http://www.africaninvertebrates.org.za/Uploads/4cf826e4-c257-4820-ac26-332eeeeb9eeb/DaviesMiller_AI_49_2_LO.pdf |doi=10.5733/afin.049.0208 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327071502/http://www.africaninvertebrates.org.za/Uploads/4cf826e4-c257-4820-ac26-332eeeeb9eeb/DaviesMiller_AI_49_2_LO.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-27 }}</ref>
*''[[Neogeomyza]]'' <small>[[Eugène Séguy|Séguy]], 1938</small><ref name="Davies08">{{cite journal|last1=Davies |first1=Gregory B. P. |last2=Miller |first2=Raymond M. |year=2008 |title=Revision of the Afrotropical species of ''Parapachycerina'' (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) |journal=[[African Invertebrates]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=131–158 |location=Pietermaritzburg |publisher=Council of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum. |doi=10.5733/afin.049.0208 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*''[[Neogriphoneura]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1924</small>
*''[[Neogriphoneura]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1924</small>
*''[[Neoparoecus]]'' <small>Özdikmen & Merz, 2006</small><ref name="Özdikmen2006">{{cite journal | last1 =Özdikmen | first1 = H. | last2 = Merz | first2 = B. | year = 2006 | title = ''Neoparoecus'' nom. nov., a replacement name for the preoccupied genus name ''Paroecus'' Becker, 1895 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae | journal = Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft | volume = 79 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 63–64 | publisher = Société Entomologique Suisse | type = Print }}</ref>
*''[[Neoparoecus]]'' <small>Özdikmen & Merz, 2006</small><ref name="Özdikmen2006">{{cite journal | last1 =Özdikmen | first1 = H. | last2 = Merz | first2 = B. | year = 2006 | title = ''Neoparoecus'' nom. nov., a replacement name for the preoccupied genus name ''Paroecus'' Becker, 1895 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae | journal = [[Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft]] | volume = 79 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 63–64 | publisher = Société Entomologique Suisse | type = Print }}</ref>
*''[[Oncodometopus]]'' <small>Shewell, 1986</small><ref name="Shewell1986">{{cite journal |last1=Shewell |first1=G.E. |title=New American genera of Lauxaniidae, based on species of earlier authors, and a note on Lyciella rorida (Fallen) in North America (Diptera) |journal=The Canadian Entomologist |date=1986 |volume=118 |issue=6 |pages=537-547}}</ref>
*''[[Oncodometopus]]'' <small>Shewell, 1986</small><ref name="Shewell1986"/>
*''[[Pachycerina]]'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835</small>
*''[[Pachycerina]]'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835</small>
*''[[Pachyopella]]'' <small>Shewell, 1986</small><ref name="Shewell1986"/>
*''[[Pachyopella]]'' <small>Shewell, 1986</small><ref name="Shewell1986"/>
Line 83: Line 88:
*''[[Pseudocalliope]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1928</small>
*''[[Pseudocalliope]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1928</small>
*''[[Pseudodeceia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Pseudodeceia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Pseudominettia]]'' <small>Papp & Silva, 1995</small><ref name="PappSilva1995"/>
*''[[Roryeuchomyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Roryeuchomyia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2010</small><ref name="Gaimari10"/>
*''[[Sapromyza]]'' <small>[[Carl Fredrik Fallén|Fallén]], 1810</small>
*''[[Sapromyza]]'' <small>[[Carl Fredrik Fallén|Fallén]], 1810</small>
Line 89: Line 95:
*''[[Sericominettia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Sericominettia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Steganolauxania]]'' <small>[[Richard Karl Hjalmar Frey|Frey]], 1918</small>
*''[[Steganolauxania]]'' <small>[[Richard Karl Hjalmar Frey|Frey]], 1918</small>
*''[[Stenolauxania]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1926 </small><ref name="Malloch1926">{{cite journal |last1=Malloch |first1=John Russell |title=New genera and species of Acalyptrate flies in the United States National Museum |journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum |date=1926 |volume=68 (21, #2622) |pages=35 pp., 2 pls |url=http://www.drosophila.jp/jdd/class/030708/03070845.pdf |accessdate=13 October 2019}}</ref>
*''[[Stenolauxania]]'' <small>[[John Russell Malloch|Malloch]], 1926 </small><ref name="Malloch1926">{{cite journal |last1=Malloch |first1=John Russell |title=New genera and species of Acalyptrate flies in the United States National Museum |journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum |date=1926 |volume=68 (21, #2622) |pages=35 pp., 2 pls |url=http://www.drosophila.jp/jdd/class/030708/03070845.pdf |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
*''[[Tauridion]]'' <small>Papp & Silva, 1995</small><ref name="PappSilva1995">{{cite journal |last1=Papp |first1=L. |last2=Silva |first2=Vera.C. |title=Seven new genera of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera) |journal=Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |date=1995 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=185–208}}</ref>
*''[[Tauridion]]'' <small>Papp & Silva, 1995</small><ref name="PappSilva1995"/>
*''[[Tricholauxania]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Tricholauxania]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Georg Hendel|Hendel]], 1925</small><ref name=Hendel1925/>
*''[[Trigonometopus]]'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835</small>
*''[[Trigonometopus]]'' <small>[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1835</small>
Line 104: Line 110:
*''[[Zargopsinettia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
*''[[Zargopsinettia]]'' <small>Gaimari & Silva, 2020</small><ref name="GaimariSilva2020" />
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}
{{Expand list|date=January 2021}}
{{Incomplete list|date=January 2021}}


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Oscinella frit.jpg|<center>''[[Calliopum simillimum]]''</center>
File:Oscinella frit.jpg|{{center|''[[Calliopum simillimum]]''}}
Image:Lauxaniidae Unidentified Cestrotus species 2012 03 05 3467s.JPG|<center>''Cestrotus'', eyes with horizontal stripes as in many Lauxaniidae</center>
File:Lauxaniidae Unidentified Cestrotus species 2012 03 05 3467s.JPG|{{center|''Cestrotus'', eyes with horizontal stripes as in many Lauxaniidae}}
Image:Fly November 2007-11.jpg|<center>''[[Minettia fasciata]]''</center>
File:Fly November 2007-11.jpg|{{center|''[[Minettia fasciata]]''}}
File:Minettia_fasciata.ogv|Video: female of the ''Minettia fasciata'' group
File:Minettia fasciata.ogv|Video: female of the ''Minettia fasciata'' group
Image:Fly June 2008-5.jpg|<center>''[[Prosopomyia pallida]]''</center>
File:Fly June 2008-5.jpg|{{center|''[[Prosopomyia pallida]]''}}
Image:Sapromyzosoma quadricincta 01.JPG|<center>''[[Sapromyza quadricincta]]'' male</center>
File:Sapromyzosoma quadricincta 01.JPG|{{center|''[[Sapromyza quadricincta]]'' male}}
File:Steganopsis m in ethanol.jpg|''[[Steganopsis melanogaster]]''
File:Wawu queenslandensis.png|''[[Wawu queenslandensis]]''
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 125: Line 133:


===Identification===
===Identification===
* [[Leander Czerny|Czerny]]. 1932. Lauxaniidae.In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). ''Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region'' , 5, 50, 1-76. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German).
* [[Leander Czerny|Czerny]]. 1932. Lauxaniidae.In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). ''Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region'' , 5, 50, 1-76. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German).
*Papp, L. 1978a Contribution to the revision of Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). ''Annales historico naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici'' 70: 213-231.
*Papp, L. 1978a Contribution to the revision of Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). ''Annales historico naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici'' 70: 213–231.
*Papp, L. 1984. Lauxaniidae (Diptera), new Palaearctic species and taxonomic notes. ''Acta Zoologica Hungarica'' 30: 157-179.
*Papp, L. 1984. Lauxaniidae (Diptera), new Palaearctic species and taxonomic notes. ''Acta Zoologica Hungarica'' 30: 157–179.
*Papp, L. & Shatalkin, A.I., 1998 Family Lauxaniidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), ''Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera''. Volume 3, Higher Brachycera. Science Herald Publishers, Budapest, pp.&nbsp;383–400
*Papp, L. & Shatalkin, A.I., 1998 Family Lauxaniidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), ''Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera''. Volume 3, Higher Brachycera. Science Herald Publishers, Budapest, pp.&nbsp;383–400
*[[Eugene Seguy|Séguy]], E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014031511/http://www.faunedefrance.org/BibliothequeVirtuelleNumerique%7CBiblioth%C3%A8que virtuelle numérique]
*[[Eugene Seguy|Séguy]], E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014031511/http://www.faunedefrance.org/BibliothequeVirtuelleNumerique%7CBiblioth%C3%A8que virtuelle numérique]
*Shatalkin, A.I. 2000. Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). ''Zoologicheskie Issledovania'' 5: 1-102.
*Shatalkin, A.I. 2000. Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). ''Zoologicheskie Issledovania'' 5: 1–102.
*[[Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Stackelberg|Shtakel'berg]], A.A. Family Lauxaniidae in [[Grigory Bey-Bienko|Bei-Bienko, G. Ya]], 1988 ''Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR'' Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition.Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision .
*[[Aleksandr Stackelberg|Shtakel'berg]], A.A. Family Lauxaniidae in [[Grigory Bey-Bienko|Bei-Bienko, G. Ya]], 1988 ''Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR'' Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition.Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision .


===Species lists===
===Species lists===
*[http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10920 Palaearctic]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051015233937/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10920 Palaearctic]
*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/lauxaniidae.html Australasian/Oceanian]
*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/lauxaniidae.html Australasian/Oceanian]
*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic]
*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic]
Line 141: Line 149:


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Wikispecies-inline}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}


⚫
*{{Wikispecies-inline}}
*[http://eol.org/pages/437/media Family Lauxaniidae at EOL] image gallery
*[http://eol.org/pages/437/media Family Lauxaniidae at EOL] image gallery
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=22 Diptera.info] image gallery
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=22 Diptera.info] image gallery
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{{Diptera|2}}
{{Diptera|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5321513}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5321513}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Lauxaniidae| ]]
[[Category:Lauxaniidae| ]]

Latest revision as of 11:35, 14 October 2024

Lauxaniidae
Homoneura sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Lauxanioidea
Family: Lauxaniidae
Macquart, 1835
Subfamilies
Synonyms

Sapromyzidae

Cestrotus species, showing camouflage suited to lichens on rocks

The Lauxaniidae are a family of acalyptrate flies. They generally are small flies (length 7 mm or less) with large compound eyes that often are brightly coloured in life, sometimes with characteristic horizontal stripes, such as in Cestrotus species. Many species have variegated patterns on their wings, but in contrast they generally do not have variegated bodies, except for genera such as Cestrotus, whose camouflage mimics lichens or the texture of granitic rocks.

Some 1800 species of Lauxaniidae have been described and they comprise some 126 genera. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most of the species occurring in tropical regions of Asia and the Americas; relatively few species occur in Afrotropical regions, and Lauxaniid species diversity declines strongly towards the more temperate regions; for example fewer than 200 European species have been described. Most species inhabit forests, where the adults usually are found sitting on leaves of the understory. They are far less common in open country, such as grassland habitats.[2]

Morphological details of Lauxaniidae

Description

[edit]

For terms, see Morphology of Diptera
Lauxaniidae are small flies (2–7 mm in length). They are often rather plump, dull, or partly lustrous flies. The body colour varies from yellow to brown or black, or with a combination of these colours. The head varies in shape, with the face potentially projecting or retreating, and may be convex, flat, or concave, often lacking oral vibrissae (though sometimes poorly developed or occasionally featuring strong bristles near the vibrissal angle). The postvertical bristles converge, though in rare cases they may be parallel. The frons is broad, with two pairs of frontal bristles; the upper pair is always reclinate, while the lower pair may sometimes be decussate. Interfrontal bristles are absent. Ocellar bristles may be present or minute. The antennae vary, and the arista is plumose, ranging from pubescent to bare. The thorax features bristles, at least behind the suture, and the scutellum is usually bare except for marginal bristles. Propleural bristles may be present or absent, and one or two sternopleural bristles are observed. All tibiae have a preapical bristle. The wings may be marked or unmarked (with some species showing spots along the veins). Wing venation is complete, the costa is continuous, and the subcosta is entire, ending in the costa. The second basal and anal cells are short, and the apical cell is usually widely open. The abdomen is oval, though it may be elongated in rare cases.

Biology

[edit]

The larvae are mostly saprophagous, feeding in leaf litter, soil, bird nests, etc. Larvae of some mine fallen leaves, others live in rotten wood, and some cause deformation of the flowers and pistils of violets.

Genera

[edit]
[edit]

[24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Gaimari, Stephen D. &; Silva, Vera C. (2010). "Revision of the Neotropical subfamily Eurychoromyiinae (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2342. Auckland: Magnolia Press: 1–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2342.1.1. hdl:11449/2764. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 3976247. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  2. ^ Merz, Bernhard (2004). "Revision of the Minettia fasciata species-group (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)" (PDF). Revue suisse de Zoologie. 111 (1). Geneva: Muséum d'histoire naturelle: 183–211. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.80234.
  3. ^ Stuckenberg, B. R. (1971). "A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Annals of the Natal Museum. 20 (3): 499–610.
  4. ^ a b c Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio; Hernández-Ortiz, Vicente (2010). "76". In Brown, B.V.; Borkent, A.; Cumming, J.M.; Wood, D.M.; Woodley, N.E.; Zumbado, M. (eds.). Manual of Central American Diptera (Print). Vol. 2. Ottawa, Canada: NRC Research Press. pp. 1025–1030. ISBN 978-0-660-19958-0.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hendel, F. (1925). Neue Ubersicht uber die bisher bekannt gewordenen Gattungen der Lauxaniiden, nebst Beschreibung neuer Gattungen u. Arten. Arten. Encycl. Ent. (B II) Diptera. pp. 103–112.
  6. ^ Walker, Francis (1860). "Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. 4 (14). London: The Linnean Society: 90–96. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1859.tb00089.x.
  7. ^ Malloch, John Russell (1929). "Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera).—XXVI". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 4 (10): 97–120. doi:10.1080/00222932908673032.
  8. ^ a b c d e Papp, L.; Silva, Vera.C. (1995). "Seven new genera of the Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 41 (3): 185–208.
  9. ^ Шаталкин, Анатолий Иванович (2000). Определитель палеарктических мух семейства Lauxaniidae (Diptera) [Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera)] (Print) (in Russian). Vol. 5. Moscow: Zoologicheskie Issledovania. p. 102.
  10. ^ a b c Hendel, Friedrich (1907). "Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien. (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden.)". Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 26: 223–245, 1 pl. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.8886. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  11. ^ SHI LI (China), DING YANG (China) & STEPHEN D. GAIMARI (USA). Species of the genus Cestrotus Loew from China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) Zootaxa 2009: 41-68 (11 Feb. 2009) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition
  12. ^ a b c d e Malloch, John Russell (1923). "Some new genera and species of Lonchaeidae and Sapromyzidae (Diptera)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 25: 45–53. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gamiari, S.D.; Silva, V.C. (2020). "A conspectus of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea)". Zootaxa. 4862 (1). Magnolia Press: zootaxa.4862.1.1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4862.1.1. PMID 33311202. S2CID 226326318. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  14. ^ Gaimari, S.D. (2011). "An unusual new genus of eurychoromyiine Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". The Canadian Entomologist. 143 (6): 594–611. doi:10.4039/n11-039. S2CID 84395018.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h Shewell, G.E. (1986). "New American genera of Lauxaniidae, based on species of earlier authors, and a note on Lyciella rorida (Fallen) in North America (Diptera)". The Canadian Entomologist. 118 (6): 537–547. doi:10.4039/Ent118537-6. S2CID 87063435.
  16. ^ Robineau-Desvoidy, André Jean Baptiste (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires presentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées: Sciences, Mathématiques et Physique. 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  17. ^ a b Davies, Gregory B. P.; Miller, Raymond M. (2008). "Revision of the Afrotropical species of Parapachycerina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)". African Invertebrates. 49 (2). Pietermaritzburg: Council of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum.: 131–158. doi:10.5733/afin.049.0208.
  18. ^ Özdikmen, H.; Merz, B. (2006). "Neoparoecus nom. nov., a replacement name for the preoccupied genus name Paroecus Becker, 1895 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae". Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft (Print). 79 (1–2). Société Entomologique Suisse: 63–64.
  19. ^ Stuckenberg, B.R. (1971). "A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera)". Annals of the Natal Museum (Print). 20 (3). Natal: the Natal Museum: 499–610.
  20. ^ Carles-Tolrá, M. (2006). "Sciasminettia Shewell, 1971: a new lauxaniid genus for Europe, with description of a new species and a key to known species (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)". Heteropterus Revista de Entomología. 6. Gipuzkoa: Heteropterus: 9–14. ISSN 1579-0681. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-12.
  21. ^ a b Malloch, John Russell (1926). "New genera and species of Acalyptrate flies in the United States National Museum" (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 68 (21, #2622): 35 pp., 2 pls. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  22. ^ Evenhuis, Neal L.; Okadome, T. (1989). "Family Lauxaniidae" (PDF). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Hawai'i': The Bishop Museum Press: 576–589. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  23. ^ Walker, Francis (1856). "Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected in Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. 1. London: The Linnean Society: 4–39. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00943b.x.
  24. ^ Walker, Francis (1856). "Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 1 (3): 119. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00964.x.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Evenhuis, N.L., and T. Okadome. 1989. Family Lauxaniidae, pp 576–589. In Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 1155 pp.

Identification

[edit]
  • Czerny. 1932. Lauxaniidae.In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region , 5, 50, 1-76. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German).
  • Papp, L. 1978a Contribution to the revision of Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annales historico naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici 70: 213–231.
  • Papp, L. 1984. Lauxaniidae (Diptera), new Palaearctic species and taxonomic notes. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 30: 157–179.
  • Papp, L. & Shatalkin, A.I., 1998 Family Lauxaniidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3, Higher Brachycera. Science Herald Publishers, Budapest, pp. 383–400
  • Séguy, E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. virtuelle numérique
  • Shatalkin, A.I. 2000. Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania 5: 1–102.
  • Shtakel'berg, A.A. Family Lauxaniidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition.Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision .

Species lists

[edit]
[edit]
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